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GARDE^'ERS' CHRONICLE 



Bo2 and Water Gardens 



HERBERT DURAND 



IX the February Gardeners" Chronicle, under the title 

 "Essentiais to Success with Wild Gardens," I gave four 

 lists of native evergreens, shrubs, ferns and wild flow- 

 ers. These were grouped according to habitat, and accom- 

 panied by a brief description of the conditions of soil, 

 moisture and exposure under which the plants of each 

 group will ordinarily flourish. Group 1 was of plants 

 growing naturally in moist shade; Group 2 of plants 

 growing in moist sun; Group 3 of those flourishing in dry 

 shade, and Group 4 those which prefer dry sun. 



In the present article Group 5. including aquatic and 

 semi-aquatic plants, and Group 6, composed of general 

 purpose plants from all groups, are described. 



Group 5 — Plants Groiving XaturaUy in Bog or Su'amp 

 Soil — In a bog, properly speaking, the soil is a mixture 

 of muck, twigs, decaying leaves, etc., snd there is no 

 drainage : in a swamp of marsh there is usually free 

 drainage. Thus the margin of a bog is generally a marsh 

 or swamp which drains into the bog. These conditions 

 may be imitated artificially, both as to soil and drainage, 

 or 'lack of drainage, by constructing a water-tight tank 

 in the midst of a marshy area. In a bog garden many 

 very choice and interesting plants may be grown that will 

 not thrive in any other location. This is also true as re- 

 gards the swampv margin, or any marshy area. 

 "^ Conifers— White Cedar {Thuya occidentalis) 



Broad-leaved Evergreens—Swzm^ Azalea {A. V is- 

 cosa) ■ Rhodora (R. canadensis): Sheep Laurel (Kabnia 

 an<'ustifolium) : Pale Laurel {Kalmia glaiica) ; Leather- 

 leaf (Cassandra calxculafa) : Labrador Tea {Ledum 

 groenlandicum) ; Wild Rosemary {Andromeda poli- 



folia). ,^ ,. - c • 



Deciduous Shrubs— The Willows (Salix var.) ; Spice 

 Bush {Lindcra benzoin) : Black Alder {Ilex zerficdlata); 

 Button Bush {Cephalanthus occidentalis); Sweet Gale 

 {Myrica Gale), and High Bush Blueberry {V accimmn 

 corYtnbosmn). ,- , ^-j 



Ferns— \\\ the Osmundas, the Crested tern (Aspid- 

 imn cristatum): The Marsh Fern {Aspidium thclyp- 

 teris) ■ The Sensitive Fern (Onoclca sensibdis). and both 

 Woodwardias ( If. angustifolia and JV. J'irgmica) 



Wild Floz.-ers-\\M Calla (C. pahistris); Marsh 

 Maric^old {Caltha pahistris): Swamp Milk Weed 

 {Asclepias incarnata) : Purple Potentilla (P. pdustns); 

 Golden Club {Orontiiun aquaticum) : Buck bean, 

 {Menvanthes trifoliata): the pitcher ^\z.nts {Sarracenia 

 var V' The Stud-flower (Helonias bullata) ; The Sea 

 Pinks' (Sabatias) : The Indian Pink (Calopogonpulchel- 

 ius) ■ The White Fringed Orchid {Hahenana blephan- 

 clotiis)- Arethusa bulbosa; Pogonia ophioglossoides: 

 The Sun Dews (Drosera): Venus" Fly-trap {Dionffa 

 muscipula) : The Yellow Flag {Iris pseiidacorus) and 

 the \merican Cranberry- (Vaccinium vMcrocarpmn). 



IVater Plants— The Pond Lilv {Nymphcca odorataand 

 varsV Pickerel Weed. {Pontcderia cordata) : Water 

 Sh\e\d( Brasenia Peltata) : Floating Heart {Umnanthe- 

 miiw lacunosumV. and Water Arum {Peltandra V ir- 



""cri/) 6— General Purpose Plants— Vnder this head- 

 inc^ are included those plants which seem to adapt them- 

 seh-es to most anv soil, and are apparently indifferent as 

 regards moisture and exposure. ^lany of theni have 

 nroved welcome additions to the hardly perenmal border, 

 and these are listed in the catalogs of most nurserymen 

 and seedsmen. 



Coniferous Evergreens — Red Cedar xJiiniperus Vir- 

 giniana and vars.) ; White Cedar {Thuya occidentalis 

 and vars.) ; White Pine {Pinus strobus); White Spruce 

 (Picea alba): Hemlock {^Esuga canadensis and T. Caro- 

 linianum). 



Broad-leaved Evergreens — Rhododendrons Carolinia- 

 mnn and Kalmia latifolia, provided there is not too much 

 lime in the soil. 



Deciduous Shrubs — Azalea arborescens, A. niidifloriim, 

 A. calendidacea, A. vaseyi, and practically all the shrubs 

 listed in Groups 1 to 4. 



Ecrns—Eyergreen ^^'ood Fern {Aspidium margimle), 

 under shrubs: Lady Fern. (Asplcnium felix-fwmina) ; 

 Hay-scented Fern {Dicksonia punctilobula) ; Interrupted 

 Fern {Osmunda claytoniana) : Broad Beech Fern {Phe- 

 goptcris hexagonop'tera) ; . Bracken {Pteris aquilina) ; 

 Rustv Woodsia {IV. ilvensis). 



ir'Ud Flozcers-Cohc Root (Aletris farinosa) ; Colum- 

 bine {Aquilegia canadensis) ; Orange Butterfly Weed 

 (Asclcpsis tuberosa) ; Aster {A. cordifolia, A. ericoides, 

 A. Icrvis. A. Novce-Angelia, A. Novi-Belgii) ; False In- 

 digo {Baptisia tinctoria) ; Boltonia {B. asteroides and B. 

 latisqiiama) ; Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) ; Golden 

 Aster {Chryopsis mariana) ; Bristled Aster {Diplopappus 

 linariifolius) ; Shooting Star {Dodecathcon meadia) ; 

 White Snake Root {Eupatorium ageratoides) ; Flowering 

 Spurge (Euphorbia corollata) : Sneezewort {Helenium 

 autumnale); Swamp Rose Mallow {Hibiscus moscheu- 

 tos): Red Wood Lilv (L. Philadclphkum) ; Meadow 

 Lily (L. canadense) ; Turk's Cap Lily (L. superbnm) ; 

 Cardinal Flower {Lobelia cardinalis) ; Great Blue Lo- 

 belia {L.svphilitica) ; Wild Lupin (L. pcrcnnis and vars.) ; 

 Mrginia Cowslip {Mcrlensia Virginica) ; Bee Balm {Mo- 

 narda didxma) ; Phlox (P. auio'na, P. divaricata, P. su- 

 bulata and vars.) : Obedient Plant {Physostegia I'lrgmi- 

 ana) ; Golden Rod ( Solidago ccesia, S. canadensis, S. 

 nemoralis, S. Spectabile) ; Cornflower-Aster {Stokesui 

 cvanea and vars.) ; Meadow Rue {Thalictrum cornuti) ; 

 Celandine Poppv {Stvlophorum diphyllum) ; Spiderwort 

 {Tradescantia Virginica) : Bird's Foot Violet {V wla pe- 

 data and var. bicolor) ; Wild Roses {Rosa blanda, R. 

 lucida and R. setigera) ; ^'irginia Creeper {Ampelopsis 

 quinquefolia) ; Bitter Sweet ( Celastrus scandens) ; Vir- 

 gin's Bower {Clematis J'irginiona). 



" XoTE.— The lists of plants given in the various groups 

 is bv no means complete. My idea has been to name 

 those of conspicuous beautv. which do well under the 

 conditions prescribed, with ordinary attention to then- 

 requirements. 



We all need to break the grip of earthly things. It is 

 wholesome to escape if only for an.hour from the routine 

 and tyrannv of the dailv task. We are sons and daugh- 

 ters of the' Eternal, and our life has sovereign joy and 

 power only when we are in tune with the Infinite. Oliver 

 Wendell Holmes used to say that he attended church be- 

 cause he desired to water every week the delicate little 

 plant in his soul named reverence. For the development 

 of our interior life we need the ministry of the sanctuary-. 



We need to come into communion with our fellows in 

 the search after the best things.— i?r:'. C. E. Jefferson. 



All things are not right in the country today nor will 

 they be right until we as individuals tr\- to make them 

 right. 



