July 2, 1910 



HORTI CULTURE 



13 



MASSACHUSETTS HORTICUL- 

 TURAL SOCIETY. 

 Schedule of the Garden Committee, 

 1910. 



The Committee on Gardens and 

 Greenhouses of the Massachusetts Hor- 

 ticultural Society respectfully invites 

 the attention of owners of estates in 

 New England to the premiums offered 

 by this Society for the purpose of en- 

 couraging the development and orna- 

 mentation of private grounds and the 

 establishment and maintenance of 

 greenhouses for the culture of plants, 

 fruits, and vegetables. 



In presenting the schedule of prizes 

 for the year 1910, the Committee de- 

 sires to state that in addition to the 

 special objects mentioned its members 

 will be glad to inspect places devoted 

 to the culture of any productions of 

 merit, either under glass or in open 

 ground, and to make such recognition 

 of them as may be deemed suitable. 



The special rules of the Committee 

 and the list of prizes offered for the 

 year are as follows: 

 Special Rules of the Garden Com- 

 mittee. 



1. Applications for visits may be made 

 to the Secretary of the Society, in writ- 

 ing, at anv time during the season. 



2. It shall be the duty of the committee 

 to select from the applications those which 

 may seem most deserving of notice, and 

 to visit as many places, and as often, as 

 may be deemed expedient. 



3. In making all examinations, the ut- 

 most regard must be paid to economy and 

 general "thrift; in cases, however, of plea- 

 sure, landscape, or ornamental grounds, 

 more allowance must be made for taste 

 ai.d design, and a gratuity or complimen- 

 tary notice may be given at the discretion 

 of the committee. 



4. The committee may, at their discre- 

 tion, give prizes or other awards as may 

 best promote the objects of the Society, 

 and meet special cases; always, of course, 

 within the limits of the appropriation. 



5. Competitors for the prizes shall 

 furnish to the committee, if required, writ- 

 ten statements of their modes of cultiva- 

 tion, and any other particulars of general 

 Interest concerning the arrangement of 

 their grounds and greenhouses. 



6. The expenses of the committee shall 

 be paid by the Society, and a record shall 

 be kept bv the chairman of all places 

 visited. 



H. H. Hunnewell Triennial Premiums. 



For an estate of not less than three 

 acres which shall be laid out with the 

 most taste, planted most judiciously, and 

 kept In the best order for three consecu- 

 tive years, a first prize of $160; second 

 prize, .$80. 



Special Prize. 



For an estate In Massachusetts of not 

 more than three acres nor less than one 

 acre that shows the best arrangement in 

 planting and Is kept In the best order, two 

 prizes, first, $50; second, $25. 



Society's Prizes. 



For a Garden of Sprlng-floworlng plants, 

 not commercial, two prizes, first, silver 

 medal; second, bronze medal. 



For a Garden of Summer or Fall-flower- 

 Ing plants, not commercial, two prizes, 

 first, silver medal; second, bronze medal. 



For a Garden or Collection of Peonies, 

 not commercial, two prizes, first, silver 

 medal; second, bronze medal. 



For a Garden or Collection of Hardy 

 Roses, not commercial, two prizes, first, 

 silver medal; second, bronze medal. 



For a Garden or Collection of Irises, not 

 commercial, two prizes, first, silver medal; 

 second, bronze medal. 



For a Rock Garden, two prizes, first, 

 silver medal; second, bronze medal. 



For a Water Garden, not commercial, 

 two prizes, first, sliver medal; second, 

 bronze medal. 



For a Fruit Garden of large or small 

 fruits, two prizes, first, silver medal; 

 second, bronze medal. 



For a Vegetable Garden, not commercial, 

 two prizes, first, silver medal; second, 

 bronze medal. 



Committee on Gardens and Green- 

 houses, 1910. 

 Charles W. Parker. Chairman, Arthur F. 



Barney, Arthur H. Fewkes, T. D. Hatfield, 



Julius Heiu-lin, William Nicholson, William 

 P. Rich, William J. Stewart, Josiah B. 

 Shurtleff, Jr., Wilfrid Wheeler. 



The first visit of the committee for 

 this season took place on Wednesday, 

 June 29, when they went to Marion, 

 Mass., to inspect the estate of Col. H. 

 E. Converse which is in competition 

 for the H. H. Hunnewell Triennial Pre- 

 mium, this being the second year. 



THE FREEZE IN IOWA. 



The unprecedented freeze of April 

 20, 23rd and 24th, accompanied by 

 snow, destroyed the blossoms and 

 leaves of a great many plants. In look- 

 ing over the phenological records kept 



Prunus Americana in full bloom, April y. 

 (Photo. Reynoldson) 



by Miss Charlotte M. King (1) and 

 previously by Dr. Halsted (2) and the 

 writer (3), nothing has occurred like 

 it in all of these years. The May Day 

 Tree (Prunus Padus) which usually 

 blooms about April 25th to the first 

 of May, was in bloom in Ames on 

 March 29th, a full month earlier than 

 usual; the plum (Prunus Americana) 

 was in bloom on April 6th, and so 

 along with it: — Phlox divaricata, Viola 

 cucullata, Asarum canadense, Anten- 

 naria plantaginifolia, Isopyrum, biter- 

 natum, Carex Pennsylvanica, Caltha 

 palustris, Cardamine rhomboidea. Ra- 

 nunculus abortivus, Isopyrum macro- 

 carpa, Strawberry, Box Elder, Sta- 

 phylea trifolia, Trillium nivale, Pop- 

 ulus tremuloides, Populus monilifera, 

 Salix discolor, Sanguinaria canadensis, 

 and Dicentra cucullaria, started to 

 bloom in early April and the latter 

 part of March. 



^i% 



Acer nigrum. Foliage Ruined on North Side. 

 (Photo. Ch.irl:itte M. King) 



By the 13th of April, Lonicera tatar- 

 ica, Aesculus glabra, Berberis Thun- 

 bergii, Lithospermum angustifolia, 

 Caragara, Pyrus Mains, were in full 

 bloom. 



The frost on April 20th, destroyed a 

 large number of the samaras of the 

 Soft Maple (Acer saccharium) and 

 some of the leaves. The same was 

 true of the two Elms (Ulmus Ameri- 

 cana and U. fulva) and the Box Elder; 

 also the leaves of the White Willow 

 (Salix alba), Philadelphua coronarius, 

 and Spiraea Thunbergii. 



The leaves and flowers of the Sy- 

 ringa were destroyed, as well as the 

 blossom of the Strawberry. The Buck- 

 eye growing in valleys or in sheltered 

 places was not injured, suffering ap- 

 parently far less than the more hardy 

 trees. 



The high wind which preceded the 

 last freeze on April 24th, apparently 

 added more to the injury; the leaves, 

 I'ruit and flowers in the upper branches 

 of such plants as the Willow, Elm, 

 May Day Tree, Black Cherry (Prunus 

 serotina) were more severely injured 

 than the lower branches, although tho 

 leaves and young fruit of Box Elder 

 were completely frozen below as well 

 as above. Prunus Padus not injured 

 on south side, but some leaves injured 

 on the north side. In some places 

 the Prunus padus was less injured 

 than the Willow and Box Elder grow- 

 ing in the same situation. The same 

 is true of the Black Cherry (Prunus 

 serotina) ; some plants in the forest 

 are now in bloom, the tips of the 

 leaves and margins having been froz- 

 en. The young shoots of the Black 

 Walnut (Juglans nigra) and Butter- 

 nut (J. cinerea), and Tree of Heaven 

 (Ailantus glandulosa), and Amorpha 

 fruticosa, were completely destroyed. 

 The Black Walnut and Butternut aro 

 again producing new shoots from the 

 supernumerary buds. New shoots are 

 also coming out again in the case of 

 the American Elm. The Wild Crab 

 (Pyrus lowensis) in most places was 

 but slightly injured, and was again in 

 bloom after the frost, though some 

 flowers were killed. The Common Bar- 

 berry leaves were somewhat injured 

 as well as the bloom, and the blooms 

 after the frost were much fewer than 

 they would have been. The leaves of 

 Berberis Thunbergii were not serious- 

 ly injured. The Crataegus mollis was 

 in full blossom with the first frost, 

 and in many cases the flowers were 

 completely frozen; in another case the 

 flowers were but slightly injured, but 

 the second frost completely killed 

 them. Since these frosts a few addi- 

 tional flowers have appeared. The 

 Crataegus punctata which usually 

 blooms a week later than C. mollis, 

 was apparently but little injured. 



Dates of freezing temperature in 

 April and May, 1910: Minimum, April 

 20th, with light snow fall, 28 deg. P.; 

 minimum, April 23rd, with light snow 

 fall, 29 deg. F.; minimum, April 24th, 

 with light snow fall, 29 deg. F.; mini- 

 mum, May 3rd, with heavy frost, 31 

 deg. P.; minimum. May 4th, with 

 slight frost, 32 deg. F. 



L. H. PAMMEL. 



Agricultural College, Ames, la. 



(1). la. State Hort. Society Repts. 1901- 



1909 

 (2). Calendar of Trees and Shrubs, la. 



Agr. Col. Hot. Dept. Bull. 1886:44. 

 (3). Phenological Notes. Torr. Hot. CInD. 



Bnll. 19: 375. Phenological Notes for 



1892. Ptoc. la. Acad. Scl. 1:46. 



