HORTICULTURE 



December 16, 1905 



HOUSE OF CATTLEYA LABIATA AT WHEELER & CO.'S, WABAN, MASS. 



OBITUARY. 



G. T. Crawford, a forestry expert, 

 died in Boston on December ti, at the 

 age of 76. He was the first to suggest 

 forest preservation by cutting only 

 large trees. 



Ellen Weiss, widow of Thomas 

 Weiss and mother of Eugene and 

 Harry Weiss, florists at sth street. 

 Philadelphia, and Hatboro, Pa., passed 

 away at her home on Pulaski avenue. 

 Germantown. Phiia., on the 11th inst., 

 and was buried at Ivy Hill cemetery 

 on Dec. 13th. 



Charles Premd, a noted nurseryman 

 and florist, died at his home in Rye, 

 N. Y., on Saturday. Dec. 9, at the age 

 of 72 years. His death was the result 

 of injuries received two years ago. 

 when he stopped a runaway horse and 

 saved a man's life, but had his own 

 legs crushed. 



Mr. Fremd was born in Bielinger, 

 Wurtemburg, Germany. He came to 

 America in 1856. He started the Rye 

 Nurseries in 1872. He was an enthusi- 

 astic tree-lover. His business was not 

 so much noted for its magnitude as for 

 its wealth of rare and fine specimens. 

 He was exceedingly well-read on his 

 favorite subject, and was a staunch 

 friend of all who showed a fondness 

 for garden topics. He was essentially 

 a home man, and the craft always re- 

 ceived a hospitable welcome at his 

 hands. He leaves one daughter and 

 two sons. The latter have been asso- 

 ciated with him in the management 

 and will continue the bu 



NEW FUEL FROM PETROLEUM. 



In the course of experiments with a 

 veiw to the manufacture of soap from 

 petroleum the Actiengesellschaft vor- 

 mals S. Berlin & Co., of Binningen, 

 near Basel, Switzerland, has discov- 

 ered a new combustible which seems 

 to possess quite extraordinary quali- 

 ties. The substance, composed of four 

 parts of petroleum and one part of a 

 material the nature of which is not 

 disclosed, is formed into briquettes 

 weighing somewhat more than a 

 pound. The ratio of petroleum to the 

 secret material can be made six to 

 one, but in this case there is a diminu- 

 tion of the resistance to pressure 

 which makes it possible to keep the 

 briquettes, as at present manufactured, 

 in heaps at least 50 feet high. 



About a pint of petroleum is used In 

 making one of these briquettes. As- 

 suming the price of oil to be 20 cen- 



times a liter (3.86 cents a quart), the 

 price of one of the briquettes described 

 would be about 2 1-3 cents, when pre- 

 pared by the inventors from material 

 purchased in small quantites for their 

 experiments. If manufactured on a 

 large scale the briquettes would cost 

 considerably less. 



The following are the results of a 

 series of trials of the new combustible 

 which I witnessed: 



1. Pressure — A briquette was placed 

 under 220 pounds iron weights. (1) 

 Breaking or crumbling, 0; (2) escape 

 of liquid, 0; (3) explosion or spontane- 

 ous combustion, 0. 



2. Friction— A briquette was re- 

 duced in an iron mortar to the con- 

 sistence of salve. (1) Explosion or 

 combustion, 0; (2) escape of liquid, 0; 

 (3) subsequent combustion on being 

 touched with a match, good. 



3. Water bath — A fragment weigh- 

 ing 77 grams (2 1-2 ounces) was kept 

 in a receptacle ten minutes over boil- 

 ing water. (1) Explosion or combus- 

 tion, 0; (2) loss of weight, 0; (3) com- 

 bustion when lighted, good. The bri- 

 quette burned normally when relight- 

 ed, after having been extinguished 

 with water. 



4. Fire test— A fragment slightly 

 larger than that just described was 

 held eight minutes in an iron pan di- 

 rectly over a spirit flame. (1) Explo- 

 sion or combustion, 0; (2) change of 

 weight, one-eighth loss; (3) combus- 

 tion on being lighted, good. 



5. Boiler test— The coal under a 

 boiler with a heating surface of 43 

 square meters (about 460 square feet). 

 a pressure of 7 atmospheres and two 

 fireboxes was lighted by means of four 

 briquettes, two in each box. The 

 boxes were perfectly clean and empty. 



and the coal was introduced, in my 

 presence, without admixture of cotton 

 waste, wood or other material, and 

 was ignited solely by contact with the 

 briquettes. 



The time required to ignite coal was 

 fifteen minutes. The briquettes them- 

 selves burned forty-five minutes. 



We hope our readers, will as far as 

 possible, buy everything they need 

 from Horticulture's Advertisers. 



CHRYSANTHEMUM 

 NOVELTIES 



Carnations and Roses 



List Ready Now. 

 Send for Copy. 



CHARLES H. TOTTY 



AIca«ais*on, IV. J. 



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