522 



HORTICULTURE 



April 21, 1917 



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i 



GLADIOLUS DISEASES* 



Dr. L. M. Massey, of the Department 

 of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, 

 contributes the following brief r6sum6 

 of the gladiolus diseases: 



There are at least three important 

 diseases of the gladiolus, namely, hard 

 rot, dry rot, and scab. The first two 



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are characterized by necrotic lesions 

 of various sizes in the corms, the dis- 

 eased area blending more or less grad- 

 ually into the healthy tissue. Scab 

 lesions have a sharp line of demarca- 

 tion, a distinct ridge being formed 

 around the border of the depression. 

 The surface of the depression has a 

 somewhat metallic luster. In the old- 

 er scab spots there is a cavity be- 

 neath the metallic film, appearing as 

 if eaten out by some insect. 



The lesions of hard rot and dry rot 

 are usually small in the autumn, when 

 the corms are dug. The diseases ad- 

 vance while the corms are in storage, 

 until by spring many corms are re- 

 duced to dry mummies. Scab lesions 

 do not enlarge after the corms are 

 placed in storage. 



Hard rot and dry rot are caused by 

 fungous pathogenes whose life his- 

 tories do not materially differ. The 

 two fungi live over winter in the corm 

 and are thus carried to the soil at 

 planting time. The fungi do not grow 

 from the old corm directly into the 

 offspring, but either grow out into the 

 soil, whence they attack the corms, or 

 else work along the sheathing leaf 

 bases. In the majority of cases a dis- 

 eased corm may be expected as a re- 

 sult of planting one that is diseased. 



The cause of the scab disease is un- 

 known. Attempts to connect some 

 fungus with the diseased areas on the 

 corms have failed. The lesions may 

 be due to the attacks of certain in- 

 sects, such as wireworms or milli- 

 pedes, but no experimental data are at 

 hand to prove or disprove this sug- 

 gested possibility. 



Various soil and corm treatments 

 have been used in an effort to control 

 the hard rot and the dry rot of the 

 gladiolus. Corms have been treated 

 with formalin, corrosive sublimate, hot 

 water, dry heat, and so . forth, at 

 strengths as high as the corms would 

 permit without injury. None of these 

 treatments have proved effective. Soil 

 has been treated with lime, acid phos- 

 phate, sulfur, lime and sulfur, and iron 

 sultate, in strengths as high as the 

 grower could afford to use them, with- 

 out protecting the corms from the at- 

 tacks of these fungi. 



The selection of healthy corms, 

 which are planted in soil in which no 

 gladioli have ever been grown, is the 

 one process that has unfailingly re- 

 sulted in the production of healthy off- 

 spring. This requires a rigid selection. 

 No corms should be planted which 

 show any signs whatsoever of disease 

 after the husks are removed. Care 

 should be exercised during the grow- 

 ing season to see that no infested soil' 

 nor diseased plant parts are carried to 

 the soil in which the healthy corms 

 are growing. 



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* The Department of Plant Pathology at 



Cornell University is investigating the dis- 

 ease of the gladiolus, and all samples Qt 

 diseased plants or corms, as well as all 

 correspondence concerning treatment for 

 the prevention of disease, should be ad- 

 dressed to that department. 



