For August, 1922 



241 



dispelled, and it is not merely the disappointment at the failure 

 and the loss of bloom when these plants are yearly Cft down by 

 frosts, but the loss of growth that is constantly occurring to the 

 plants, thus preventing them making much headway. So wonder- 

 ful a group of plants is worth every care to bring it into good 

 condition, .\bove all. attention should be paid to the drainage, 

 for. if the subsoil is continually wet. there is not much hope for 

 long-continued success. In such instances it will be best for 

 the bed or border containing the plants to be raised above the 

 ordinary level, inserting as drainage, clinkers or like material 

 below. A word as to 



Pl.wts .^^'D Pl.^xtixg. If the original kind finds favor, the 

 ground line for planting will be somewhat clearly defined; but 

 if some of the modern named sorts are being taken in hand it 

 will be seen these are either grafted or budded, the point of union 

 being a rather delicate and frail one. In all cases where this 

 is possible, however, the plant may be buried so as to cover 

 the point of union, and if at the time the I.iark be nicked or cut 

 with a knife 1 inch below the graft, fresh roots will be emitted 

 sooner or later, and provide a greatly increased support to the 

 plant. Those who are making a start with these lovely plants 

 cannot do better than devote a small bed to them where their 

 wants may receive attention. The blossoms are often each 10 

 inches across, and in double or semi-double kinds. .\s to colors, 

 these embrace the purest of white, lovely and exquisite rose 

 shades of glistening satin hues, beautiful shades of pink and 

 cerise, lake and lilac, to say nothing of mixed colors in great 

 variety. — Gardening Illustrated. 



[In the l"nited States Tree Paeonies do not do well north of the 

 latitude of Xew- York City, except in the Puget Sound region, 

 nor in the central west, where the summers are hot and dry. 

 They are best when grafted upon roots of the herbaceous, — 

 not officinalis, however. For the first year or two the union 

 must be near the surface of the ground. After that they may be 

 planted deeper and then they will start to form roots of their 

 own. — Editor.] 



GARDEN REFUSE 



I suppose one of the principal jobs in the kitchen garden is the 

 process of clearing up. There is a lot of what is deemed rubbish 

 or waste, and this has to be gotten out of sight somehow. A 

 cardinal fact that you and I ought to remember is that there is 

 no such thing as "waste" in Nature. It may not be a strictly 

 accurate scientific fact — I do not know — but we might generally 

 take it that anything which has possessed life possesses life-giving 

 properties up to a certain point, and we are on absolutely sure 

 ground when we say that vegetable refuse certainly does possess 

 those properties. It may be thrown in a heap to decay, it may 

 be burnt, it may be buried — those properties are still there, and 

 in some way or other they will act. We want. then, to make sure 

 we do not lose them, but conserve them for our use. 



Perhaps the best and cleanest way of dealing with garden refuse 

 is to burn it. and many gardeners avail themselves of this method. 

 There are hundreds of nres on allotment gardens within the radius 

 of two miles from where I write, and their flames at times illuni- 

 nate the hours of dusk. But there are right and wrong ways of 

 burning rubbish, useful ways and wasteful ways, and the waste- 

 ful way is to let it go up in flames and lose much of its value in 

 the atmosphere. To reduce rubbish to ashes as quickly as pos- 

 sible is a wasteful method. It should be induced to smoulder to 

 ashes rather than to burn, and this can be done by getting a fairly 

 strong body of fire from the more easily inflammable portion of 

 the refuse, sticks, etc.. then piling on the bulk and banking it down 

 with the heavier material, or even with earth. The more valuable 

 elements are not then destroyed, but are conserved, and the ashes 

 are left rich in mineral matter — real plant food. The gardener 

 who thus disposes of his refuse and judiciously uses the ashes on 

 his soil very seldom has to purchase that essential but expensive 

 chemical known as potash. It was this very chemical which made 

 the land in portions of North .America so exceedingly fertile after 

 the forests has been uprooted and so much of the "trimmings" 

 and unprofitable lumber had been burnt and incorporated with the 

 earth. I want you all to know the value of such ashes, and when 

 vou do you will not waste them, but rather gather them together 

 and take care of them until you are ready to enrich your soil with 

 them. — Gardening Illustrated. 



Textbook of L.\xdscape G.\rdenixg. by Frank .\. Waugh. 

 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. New York. 



The publication of this work is a big stride toward the goal 

 the attainment of which must seem desirable to readers of maga- 

 zines like this, probably without exception. That is the putting 

 into the curriculum of all schools of the liberal arts at least 

 an elementary course in appreciation of landscape. In this way 

 would be realized the profound conviction of the poet Words- 

 worth expressed in the words : "Laying out grounds, as it is 



called, may be considered as a liberal art. in some sort like poetry 

 and paintmg; and its object, like that of the liberal arts, is, or 

 ought to be, to move the affections under the control of good 

 sense." This quotation was used. by Professor N. S. Shaylor in 

 the Atlantic Montlily of the year 1898, in an article worth read- 

 ing again and again, "The Landscape as a Means of Culture." 

 The dicta of that essay, consciously or unconsciously, seems 

 to have been in the mind of Mr. Waugh in writing the book now 

 before us. He states that it is "designed for the instruction of 

 non-professional students in landscape gardening, that is for 

 those who do not intend to become professional landscape garden- 

 ers," and modestly adds that at the same time lie "hopes that the 

 book will not turn any good men away from the profession." It 

 certainly will turn soine into that one of the finest of all pro- 

 fessions. 



Its definite objects are: To teach the principles of universal art. 

 fi-.. the principles of order and design; to give a working under- 

 standing of these principles as applied to the art of landscape 

 gardening ; to apply the principles of landscape gardening to the 

 domestic problems of the average citizen ; to arouse an in- 

 telligent and constructive interest in civic problems ; to bring the 

 student into intelligent contact with the natural landscape ; to 

 indicate the great personal and social value of the landscape and 

 to suggest what should be done by nations, states and commu- 

 nities for the preservation and use of the natural landscape. 

 For accomplishing these objects the book is divided into lessons 

 each of clear-cut topic, definitely and systematically outlined, 

 illustrated by one-hundred and sixty-eight appropriate pictures 

 or other figures, with problems to be solved and questions to be 

 answered by the student. These lessons begin, as Professor 

 Shaylor advises that studies in landscape should begin, with the 

 "more domesticated parts" and thus prepare the student to under- 

 stand, with Plato, that "the greatest and fairest things are done 

 by Nature and the lesser by Art." 



So concrete and "practical" are most of the lessons, all except 

 the last few, that a more appropriate name for the book would 

 probably be a "Textbook of Landscape Architecture." The text 

 ends with three chapters that are very instructive and give grounds 

 for the belief that the American people are actually upon the 

 way toward using the "Landscape as a Means of Culture," and of 

 the purifying and ennobling of life. These chapters are entitled 

 National Parks and Forests. State Parks and Neighborhood 

 Parks. In the first two are made accessible lists of the great pub- 

 lic parks the mere names of which, to say nothing of their im- 

 mense areas and wonderful natural treasures, are known to only 

 a comparatively few citizens of the country. 



The book is handsomely inade, with type large and clear. Of 

 the misprints, most of which are unimportant errors in the spell- 

 ing of names, the only serious one is the interchange of the text 

 of pages 149 and 150. What is printed as page 149 should be 

 read after page 150. — F. B. M. 



IxSECT Pests .\xd Fuxgus Dise.\ses, by Percival J. Fryer. F. I. 

 C, F. C. S., Cambridge University Press, London. 



It is probably safe to hazard the statement that for many years 

 there has appeared no European book of more practical and 

 economic value to American horticulture than this work of a man 

 who occupies a very responsible position with a large English firm 

 of manufacturing chemists. For si.xteen years he has given par- 

 ticular study to the subject of fruit pests and diseases. Although 

 in this his interest has been primarily that of the chemist he has 

 familiarized himself with the entomological and the mycological as- 

 pects also. Every one of the 728 pages seems to have been done 

 with the utmost care and confidence is inspired by the make- 

 up in general. It is logical and concise. It begins with a review of 

 plants' structure and habits and with a section devoted to the 

 chief characteristics of insect pests. Then the heart of the 

 work consists of a detailed desciption and treatment of each in- 

 sect, some of which infest more than one kind of fruit. But any 

 inquirer wishing to learn about an insect that may infest any partic- 

 ular fruit will have no difficultv in determining what insect it 

 is by means of the drawings and colored plates. Of the 305 fig- 

 ures in black and white each one appears to be clear and 

 adequate. The twenty-four full-page colored plates, each picturing 

 from three to thirteen caterpillars, moths, insects or fungi, are- 

 eminently successful works of art. For more complete instruction 

 there is an account of insects friendly to fruit growers. Fungus 

 diseases are handled with the same precision and exhaustiveness as 

 are insects. Though for each pest are assigned methods of pre- 

 vention or extermination in the section devoted to it there is a 

 complete section devoted to an orderly treatment of spraving and 

 all its sub-topics. The index, listing both the fruits and the" pests, is 

 apparently perfect. All in all it is a work that though written for 

 England should be accessible to every commercial grower of fruit 

 in America, if not to every grower of fruit anywhere.— F. B. M. 



Tell success stories, not incidents of failure and hard luck. Radi- 

 ate prosperity, feel prosperous, it's catching. Keep vour chin up. — 

 Dr. Frank Crane. 



