May 6, 1916 



HORTICULTURE 



649 



THE VERY NEWEST AND QUICKEST METHOD OF DESTROYING WEEDS 



GRASS AND OTHER GROWTH IN GARDEN WAXKS. GUTTERS 



TENNIS COURTS, DRIVEWAYS, ETC. 



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 and its effect on the ground prevents the growth of fresh ones for a year and 

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■■ fc fclM l»lfcli b 11 CORRESPONDEaJCE SOLICITED. 



PlNOIYPTfll 



Type of fertilizer needed — The soil 

 in the vicinity of the Experiment Sta- 

 tion is a brown silt loam. On such a 

 soil applications of phosphatic fertili- 

 zer yield greatest increases in crops. 

 Nitrogenous fertilizer is also needed, 

 but applications of potassium sulfate 

 not only give no increased crop but 

 decrease the yield. 



Time to feed — The periods of heavy 

 feeding should be during the periods 

 of most rapid growth, viz., in fall and 

 spring when sunshine is abundant 

 enough not to limit growth. Fertiliza- 

 tion is particularly needed in spring 

 when the soil mixture is to the great- 

 est extent depleted of its readily avail- 

 able content of plant food. While 

 keeping this in mind, attention should 

 also be paid to the periods of heavier 

 production by the plants, when more 

 fertilizer is needed. Phosphate gives 

 an increase in production continuous 

 throughout the year. 



Specific ifinds of fertilizer — Acid 

 phosphate, used in these experiments, 

 was found a satisfactory form of phos- 

 phatic fertilizer. No comparison was 

 made, however, between it and bone 

 meal, basic slag, and other phosphate- 

 containing fertilizing materials. Dried 

 blood and ammonium sulfate may each 

 be used as nitrogenous fertilizers. The 

 care necessary to prevent overfeeding 

 with ammonium sulfate is so great, 

 however, that its use is hardly to be 

 recommended. The same precaution 

 is necessary, but to a somewhat less' 

 degree, with sodium nitrate. 



Nitrogen supplied in manure or 

 commercial fertilizer — Applications of 

 dried blood at the rate of 5 pounds 

 per 100 square feet of bench space 

 are safe, if put on only during 

 periods of bright sunshine and of 

 heavy production by the plants, and if 

 not made oftener than four to six 

 weeks apart. The amount of nitrogen 

 in such an application corresponds to 

 that contained in 270 pounds of 

 manure of the average nitrogen con- 

 tent (50 percent moisture) ; it is some- 



what more readily available than part 

 of that in good manure. These com- 

 parative figures give a basis for the 

 use of either material, however, and 

 show that the need for nitrogenous 

 fertilizer may be supplied as manure, 

 quite as well as by the use of a com- 

 mercial fertilizer. The symptom of 

 nitrogen starvation — lightening of the 

 color of the foliage — is so evident to 

 every rose grower, that there is no 

 difficulty in determining when applica- 

 tions of a nitrogen-containing fertilizer 

 should be made. 



Phosphorus in manure and in acid 

 phosphate— Plants do not show such 

 marked signs of the need for phos- 

 phorus, and experiment alone can de- 

 termine its need. Applications of acid 

 phosphate up to 20 pounds per 100 

 square feet of bench space (40 pounds 

 per 100 cubic feet of soil) were found 

 to give marked increases in produc- 

 tion. The quantity of phosphorus con- 

 tained in this application is equal to 

 that contained in an application of 

 2800 pounds of manure of average 

 composition (50 percent moisture) to 

 100 square feet of bench space or 

 twice this amount mixed with 100 

 cubic feet of soil. Since manifestly 

 it is impossible to use such a mixture, 

 the need for phosphate in form of a 

 commercial fertilizer is evident. Acid 

 phosphate, the only form of phosphatic 

 fertilizer used in the experiment, is, as 

 stated, satisfactory. Since the benefit 

 from its use is continuous throughout 

 the year, it should be mixed with the 

 soil before the benches are filled. Top- 

 dressings with it are not so satisfac- 

 tory, since surface root growth is stim- 

 ulated in this way, resulting in the 

 roots having contact with the soil par- 

 ticles only in an upper layer of the soil 

 in the bench. There is no danger from 

 overfeeding with acid phosphate, for 

 four times the quantity here recom- 

 mended has been applied without in- 

 jury. In this respect acid phosphate 

 possessed an advantage over bone, 

 which cannot be mixed with soil or 

 applied as top-dressings in excessive 

 amounts without injuring the plants. 

 The same is true to a greater extent 

 with high phosphate tankage, and 

 blood and bone. 



Use of lime — With such a need for 

 phosphonis by rose plants, the use of 

 lime or limestone with acid phosphate 

 is to be discouraged, since the solu- 



bility of the phosphate would be de- 

 creased by its use. The decrease in 

 production from sections in which 

 limestone was used in the soil mixture 

 compared with that from sections re- 

 ceiving no lime is fully proven by the 

 data. The mixing of lime or limestone 

 with the soil, though quite a common 

 practice among growers, cannot be 

 recommended. In case an application 

 of lime is needed to prevent the 

 growth of algae and moulds on the soil 

 surface, finely ground limestone ap- 

 plied as a top-dressing at the rate of 

 10 pounds per 100 square feet of bench 



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