April 3, 1915 



HORTICULTURE 



463 



WHITE PINE 



NEW ENGLAND BORN 



AND GROWN 

 Hardy. Vigorous Stock 



Special Sale 



No. 1 QUALITY (Heavy 



Root-Pruned and TWICE-Transplanted 

 3 to 4 FEET HIGH 



100 trees 

 for 



$34 



12 trees for ^7 

 6 tre<^ for $4 



Tbe Illustration shows our 2 to 3 foot grade 

 of Twice-Transplanted WHITE PINES 



WRITE TO-DAY 



(or New Illustrated Tree Cata- 

 logue, MAi\1t MILLIONS OF 

 TREES for Ornament and Shade, 

 for Hedges, Windbreaks, and 

 Forests. 



"America's Most Beautiful 



Evergreen " 



DR. L. H. BAILEY'S "Cyclopedia of American 

 Horticulture" says: — "For grace and elegance, 

 nothing better than our flve-neeilled silver- 

 lined WHITE riNE could be imagined." 



Special Sale 



A LIGHTER GRADE 

 ; ONCE-Tran.planted 2 to 3 FEET HIGH 



1000 trees $85 



100 trees $10 | 1- '■•<'« $3 



Lower Prices for Other Grades and 

 Larger Quantities 



It's a good plan to buy YOUR Little Trees 

 where Liindscape Architects, Park Superin- 

 tendents and Foresters buy THEIRS. 



Eittle CTree iFarms of Siiurira 

 (near boston) 



AMERICAN FORESTRY COMPANY 



Dept 7B. 15 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 



nematode attacks, giving rise to an iin- 

 healthy condition wliich is not easily 

 overcome. 



How Root Knot is Spread. 



Outdoors, in the garden or in the 

 truck patch, drainage water is prob- 

 ably the most important means ot 

 spreading root knot. Nursery stock 

 affords another way of carrying the 

 pest. Seedlings, pecans, peaches, figs, 

 mulberry, young asparagus, eggplant, 

 strawberry, tobacco and tomato seed- 

 lings when bought from sections 

 known to be infested, may carry the 

 worms on their roots as galls or with 

 adhering soil particles. In the West 

 where nematode commonly attacks 

 the white potato, the parasite is car- 

 ried with the tubers. In the green- 

 house the trouble may be brought in 

 with infested soil, or with diseased 

 seedlings or plants or with the manure 

 which is usually the dumping place of 

 all rubbish and diseased material. 



The following is but a partial list of 

 the flowering and truck crops which 

 suffer severely from root knot: Beet. 

 cantaloupe, carrot, celery, crimson 

 clover, cucumber, eggplant, salsify. 

 squash, tomato, roses, watermelon, 

 sweet peas, violets, begonias, etc. 

 Plants which are less injured and 

 which seem able to withstand to a cer- 

 tain extent the attacks of root knot 

 are the following: Asparagus, lima 

 and snap beans, cabbage. coUard. on- 

 ion, garden pea, radish, spinach and 

 strawberry. There are a number of 

 weeds which are greatly susceptible to 

 root knot. These are: Morning glory, 

 pepper grass, dandelion, and a number 

 of others. Such weeds should, of 

 course, be eradicated from the garden 

 If it is hoped to keep the worm in 

 check. 



Methods of Control. 



Under greenhouse conditions it is 

 comparatively easy to control nema- 

 todes. The steam method is tlic best 

 since it kills both eggs and worms In 

 the soil. The steaming is done either 

 before planting or when the crop is 

 gone. The method consists in placing 

 a series of perforated pipes in the 

 beds, running parallel and about eigh- 

 teen inches apart. These pipes are 

 placed about one foot deep in the soil, 

 connected with the steam boiler which 



to be effective must lie able to gener- 

 ate from 80 to 100 lbs. pressure. Be- 

 fore treatment, the beds are properly 

 fertilized and thoroughly pulverized 

 and then covered with heavy burlap or 

 blankets to confine the heat. As a 

 guide it is well to bury a few raw po- 

 tatoes here and there. The steam is 

 turned on and maintained for about 

 two hours at a pressure not less than 

 SO pounds. If the steaming has been 

 thoroughly done the buried potatoes 

 should be well cooked. With this 

 method of sterilization we destroy the 

 eel worm and also all fungus pests as 

 well as all weed seeds. The steaming, 

 too, is very helpful to the soil itself, 

 and renders it in a better working con- 

 dition. Plant growth in such soils is 

 also materially benefited and stimu- 

 lated. At first they seem to start a 

 little slower but they soon catch up 

 and surpass in .growth and vigor those 

 grown in non-sterilized beds. 



Where steam facilities are lacking 

 the formaldehyde method is the next 

 best. It consists of soaking the soil 

 with a solution of one pint of formalde- 

 hyde in twenty gallons of water ap- 

 plied at the rate of one gallon of the 



Root Gaij.s of Rosk.s 



solution to every square foot of bed 

 space. With this method the soil is 

 prepared as for the steaming. After 

 applying the formaldehyde, the treated 

 beds are covered with heavy burlap 

 for about 24 hours in order to retain 

 the fumes. The beds are then uncov- 

 ered and the formaldehyde fumes 

 made to escape as rapidly as possible. 

 This may be encouraged by frequent 

 spading of the beds. The formalde- 

 hyde treatment should always be done 

 about two weeks before planting. 



Where nematodes have gained a 

 strong foothold outdoors in the garden 

 or on truck lands the methods at con- 

 trol become more difficult. The fore- 

 going methods for large fields are 

 too costly and unpractical. Trap or 

 catch crops afford a means of re- 

 lief but it is only temporary. The 

 method consists in planting on the 

 infested land two or three suc- 

 cessive crops such as the sugar beet or 

 mustard, both of which are very sus- 

 ceptible to root knot. In about four 

 to five weeks the roots of the crop 

 will be thorou.ghly diseased. At this 

 stage the plants are pulled up and de- 

 stroyed. This method, however, is ex- 

 pensive, since the grower loses a sea- 

 son's profit. Another method ot con- 

 trol is crop rotation. .\ny of the fol- 

 lowing hosts are either immune or 

 largely so and could therefore be used 

 as an alternative: barley, velvet bean, 

 sweet corn. Iron co^vpea. millet, winter 

 oats, peanuts, sorghum or wheat. 

 Truckers who also raise poultry may 

 find it practical to have their birds 

 transferred to these sick areas for 

 two to three years. 



.1. .1. T\t MK.SII.M s. 



Newark, Del. 



SEEDLING GERANIUM. 



In roplv to inquiry by C. N. concern- 

 ing the merits of a seodling goranlum, 

 nothing can be said without an oppor- 

 tunity to examine the newcomer and 

 compare it with existing varieties. 

 N. is repectfuUy informed, further. 

 that his full name and address should 

 have accompanied his letter, not neces- 

 sarily for publication but for other 

 obvious reasons. If he will submit a 

 fiower truss or a photo.graph of a plant 

 in bloom, or both, we shall endeavor 

 10 advise him. — Ed. 



