23^ 



HORTlCULTURf: 



September 1, 1905 



The Growth of Horticulture 

 in Nebraska 



I have just returned from an extended trip to Min- 

 nesota. I was an early settler on the very frontier of 

 that State in 1857. How it has grown since then! 



When the State was new we did not expect to raise 

 apples any more than oranges. But a more heroic band 

 never lived. They were determined to have fruit. 

 They sent South and East for apple trees which all 

 died. They planted apple seeds by the bushel in hopes 

 to get hardy ones, and all failed. Then Gideon's 

 Wealthv apjjeared. This and the Duchess succeeded 

 for a time, but hard winters would knock out the foun- 

 dation of the whole orchard. They were grafted on 

 tender roots. Then those resolute men went to work to 

 build the ironclad apple tree from the foundation, tak- 

 ing stocks from crab apples and using scions from the 

 hardiest and they have now moved the apple belt up to 

 Manitoba. 



You never saw a more juljilant set of conquering 

 heroes. Up in the north land they have a society of 

 over two thousand under the lead of Mr. Lathar.!, one 

 of the most successful secretaries in all the world. The 

 writer is to address this society ne.xt December on "Our 

 Unused Capital." 



Having made such a success with fruits the society 

 are turning their attention to home adornment, and the 

 nurserymen are now falling into line. To meot the 

 growing demand for evergreens, ornamentals and peren- 

 nials Frank Brown of Paynesville, Minn., a progres- 

 sive farmer, has rented his farm and has commenced 

 planting a fine collection of peonies and ornamentals. 

 It is to be known as the "Elmwood Select Nursery of 

 Paynesville, Minnesota."' ilr. Brown has succeeded 

 admirably in his commencing and he will have unlim- 

 ited backing for his enterprise. Even for those northern 

 regions there has proved to l)e a large collection that 

 will do well in that trying climate. 



C. S. Haukisox. 



York, Xeh. 



Aleyrodes 



Schyzophragma hydrangeoides 



See Frontispiece. 



The photograph which supplied the frontispiece for 

 this issue was taken on the estate of Mrs. Pauline 

 Durant, widow of the founder of Wellesley College. 

 It was planted about twenty years ago, by thy late 

 Edward Butler when gardener there. It is on an elm 

 tree, and has climbed to a height of over 40 feet. 

 Strange to say, this thing is most difficult to root 

 from cuttings, yet any piece which trails on the ground 

 will take root. It is quite hardy. 



I have an orchard of SOU three-year-old orange trees 

 in Florida, infested with the "white Jly," Will Arsenate 

 of Lead be of value against this pest? Yours truly, 



S. 



Arsenate of Lead is merely a stomach poison which 

 will be of no value against the white fly or mealy wing 

 (Aleyrodes citri). This pest is closely related to th(; 

 scale insects but forms no scale, is active, and being 

 equipped with wings quickly spreads from place to 

 place. Like the scale insects, they obtain their food by 

 sucking, and consequently require a poison tliat will 

 kill by contact. 



The insects live expo.«ed at all stages and arc easily 

 visible, resembling a sprinkling of flour on the leaves. 

 In Florida they pass the winter in the larval stage, 

 pupating in early spring, and the adults appearing 

 about JIarch. The numerous eggs are laid on the 

 under side of the leaves and, soon hatching, provide 

 myriads of young. 



Kerosene Emulsion one part to twelve of water would 

 ]>rove effective during dry periods. 



Many growers use the resin washes for scales which 

 kill l»y forming a thin varnish over the insect, shut- 

 ting out the air and sealing them up, and by corrosion. 

 This is a very desirable remedy for the white fly. For 

 dormant trees the formula is: 



Resin 30 pounds. 



Caustic Soda (70 per cent.) 9 pounds, 



Fish Oil 4 1-2 pints. 



Water to make 100 gallons. 



The resin is the ordinary commercial kind and the 

 soda is that used by soap factories, where small quan- 

 tities can be obtained. Break up the materials into 

 small bits, put in a covered iron kettle with enough 

 water to cover, and boil for one or two hours, or until 

 a ])ale, yellow mixture is produced, which will mix 

 easilv with water, giving a coffee-colored liquid. When 

 this stage is reached the rest of the water can be sdded, 

 the mixture thoroughly agitated, and sprayed oi' the 

 t rees. 



In summer the solution is produced in the same way 



but the following lesser amounts of material are used : 



Resin 20 pounds, 

 Caustic Soda n pounds. 

 Fish Oil 2 1-2 pints. 

 Water to make 100 gallons. 



a%. 



Planting is about finished. Carnations arc' in. 

 Roses were in long ago. Lilies as soon as received. 

 One bit of planting, as important as any, you perhaps 

 have overlooked or deferred. We mean an advertise- 

 ment in Horticulture. It will take but a few min- 

 utes of your time to attend to it and once done it will 

 lie like Sandy's tree, "growin' while you're sleepin'." 

 Start the season now with a contract for at lenst 70 

 cents' worth each week during the coming year. It 

 will yield an abundant crop. 



