104 



HOKTICULTUEE 



July 24, 1915 



overlooked; interest on the invest- 

 ment and a list of overhead charges 

 all enter into the cost of production. 

 Unforeseen Contingencies. 



Neither is this all. Thirty years ago 

 this catalogue of expenses would have 

 been about all that would have had to 

 be considered; not so now. Insect 

 pests, save the old tent caterpillar, 

 were unknown. Even a quarter of a 

 century ago who had heard of, or 

 much less seen, the San Jose scale, 

 the brown-tail, gipsy or leopard moth, 

 or the white pine blister rust? I did 

 not; but now all of us are familiar 

 with some if not all of them; and we 

 know too that these things add to the 

 cost of production; they must not be 

 regarded as unmitigated evils, any 

 more than weeds should be. Weeds 

 compel cultivation and hence growth; 

 pests compel cleaning up of the nur- 

 sery and its surrounding; they con- 

 duce to cleanliness. I venture the as- 

 sertion that never in the history of 

 the nursery business in this country, 

 were there so many tidy, well-kept 

 nurseries as there are today: and in 

 a large measure, the pests are respon- 

 sible for this state of things. While 

 all this and even more is true, the 

 fact remains that these pests, so- 

 called, have added very materially to 

 the cost of production. 



Determining Total Costs 



All of these things must be taken 

 into account in determining costs, 

 and when all have been taken into 

 account we can arrive at the cost 

 of production only relatively at best. 

 But that relative cost makes a basis 

 at which to begin. In our schooldays, 

 we wrestled with algebraic proposi- 

 tions, with known and unknown quan- 

 tities in the equation represent- 

 ed by such characters as X, Y and Z. 

 Now we wrestle with problems' known 

 as costs, and costs that are unknown. 

 In the one case we could determine the 

 value of the unknown by the known 

 values, but not so with such un- 

 known quantities as storms, drought, 

 wind and hail. These unknown quan- 

 tities must be determined not by al- 

 gebraic process, but by liberal addi- 

 tions. A safe way is that of the drug- 

 gist, who adds to the cost price his 

 two per cent. If we figure that a 

 given plant cost (using the known 

 values) $20 per 1,000 to produce it, I 

 have regarded it a safe proposition to 

 multiply that by two. In some in- 

 stances that would seem excessive; in 

 others it would fall below the actual 

 cost. On the whole I believe it is a 

 safe rule to follow in determining 

 costs. But we must not stop here, 

 when we have considered this side of 

 the equation, for it is at this point 

 that, with many, the tug-of-war be- 

 gins. 



( To I'f continued^ 



PROF. H. B. DORNER. 



BRITISH HORTICULTURE. 

 Meritorious New Roses. 



At the summer sliow of tlie National 

 Rose Society in London awards were 

 made to a batch of new introductions, 

 which attracted consideral)le attention. 

 G. Paul & Sons, secured a sold medal 

 for PaviTs Lemon Pillar, a meritorious 

 addition. Wm. Paul & Son. Ltd., ob- 

 tained a gold modal for Paul's Scarlet 

 Climber. They also received certifi- 

 cates of merit for Queen of Fragrance, 

 a pink H. T., which gained the Clay 



The above picture shows our es- 

 teemed young friend H. B. Dorner, 

 back among the flowers at the Univer- 

 sity greenhouses at Urbana, III. The 

 look of quiet content on his face 

 speaks for itself of the song in his 

 heart, for he has just returned from 

 his wedding trip. 



cup last year for fragrance, and for 

 Titania, a garden H. T. of a coppery 

 red tint. Hugh Dickson added to his 

 long list of successes by securing a 

 certificate for Princess Charming, a 

 small H. T., of an orange buff shade. 

 Cherry Page, which received a certifi- 

 cate, is a garden H. T. of bright 

 cherry red color, and was shown by W. 

 Easlea who was also successful with 

 Lady Bowater, a white exhibition H. 

 T. B. R. Cant & Sons, gained certifi- 

 cates for Cupid, a single pink rose. 

 Florence S. Paul, an exhibition H. T. 

 with deep pink petals, and Sallie, a 

 cream tinted exhibition H. T. S. Mc- 

 Gredy & Sons were awarded a certifi- 

 cate for Flame of Fire, a garden rose 

 of deep rich apricot, suffused with 

 orange. Queen Alexandra, another 

 certificated rose shown by Rev. J. H. 

 Pemberton, is an excellent single. 



R. H. S. Summer Show. 



A brilliant feast of color was seen 

 at the summer show of the Royal Hor- 

 ticultural Society, held in the grounds 

 of Holland House, Kensington, on 

 July 6 and two following days. Ac- 

 cording to Sir Harry Veitch, one of the 

 society's veterans, in spjte of the war 

 the show was as good as, and possil)lv 

 better, than the best which had previ- 

 ously been held. Orchids made a 

 gorgeous and costly show, the contribu- 

 tors including Sir Jeremiah Colman, 

 Gurney Fowler, Charlesworth & Co., 

 and Sander & Sons. Mr. Fowler's ex- 

 hibit included an imposing new hybrid 

 odontoglossum, Georgius Rex, which 

 was the chief attraction in the orchid 

 tent, and was coveted and admired 

 by the numerous visitors. Another 

 special feature was the displav of 

 eremuri, the largest and finest ever 

 seen in this country, arranged by R. 

 Wallace & Co. The Coronation Cup 



was secured by Blackmore & Langdon, 

 whose begonia collection furnished a 

 bright splash of color in one of the 

 marquees. Roses of course, made a 

 grand show, some excellent specimens 

 of the Wichuraiana hybrids being well 

 in evidence, whilst old favorites and 

 newcomers were seen as cut blooms 

 and in pots. The Clay challenge cup, 

 was won by B. Cant & Son. Gold 

 medals were awarded to Lord North, 

 Sir Jeremiah Colman, W. Paul & Son, 

 B. Cant & Son, A. Dickson & Son, Deb- 

 bie & Co., A. F. Dutton, Wallace & Co., 

 and Blackmore & Langdon. 



W. H. Adsett. 



NASSAU COUNTY HORTICUL- 

 TURAL SOCIETY. 



At the meeting of the Nassau Coun- 

 ty Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, N. 

 Y., Wednesday, July 14, first prizes 

 were awarded Jas. Holloway for rasp- 

 berries, W. D. Robertson for currants, 

 R. Jones for peaches. President West- 

 lake's special ($5.00) for sweet peas 

 was won by H. Jones. Jas. Holloway 

 was awarded a cultural certificate for 

 a collection of outdoor fruit, 12 vari- 

 eties. 



An invitation was received from the 

 Oyster Bay Horticultural Society to 

 join them in their annual outing Au- 

 gust 17. Further particulars of this 

 event will be given at a later date. 



The competition at our next meeting 

 will be on 12 spikes gladioli, 6 ears 

 of sweet corn and 12 mixed asters. 



At the Sweet Pea Show held in the 

 Glen Cove Neighborhood Building, 

 July 8, the following were among the 

 successful exhibitors: Mrs. C. F Cart- 

 ledge, gard. W. Noonin; Ralph 

 Pulitzer, gard. F. Hitchman; Mrs J 

 H. Ottley, gard. J. M. Dow H C 

 Smith, gard. A. Walker. 



James Gladstone. Cor. Sec'y. 



LENOX HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



There was a fine display of sweet 

 peas at the Lenox Horticultural So- 

 ciety's meeting, Wednesday evening, 

 July 14. George Foulsham, supt. to W. 

 B. O. Field, and Edwin Jenkins, supt 

 to Giraud Foster, were both awarded a 

 diploma, each display comprising 

 about 30 varieties and showing a high 

 degree of culture. E. J. Norman was 

 awarded a first class certificate for a 

 new rambler rose named Annie Nor- 

 man. 



The number of entries in the compe- 

 tition for school gardens has beat all 

 previous records, and has gone over 

 the hundred mark. 



For the Society's Summer Show to 

 be held July 27 and 28, Messrs. Arthur 

 Herrington, of Madison, N. J., Robert 

 Scott, Pittsfield, and Fred Heeremans, 

 Lenox, have consented to act as 

 judges. Gordon McMillan, Harold 

 Bryant and William Spratt will act as 

 committee of arrangements. 



Louis Barnet. Asst. Sec. 



PATENTS GRANTED. 



1,144.464. Fertilizer Distributor At- 

 tachment. Joseph H. Grumpier, 

 Magnolia, Ark. 



1,144,542. Hedge Trimmer. Louis Ham- 

 mel, Philadelphia, Pa. 



1,144,663. Plant Cover. Leonard J. 

 Merriman, Wilmington, N. C. 



L145,266. Plant Protector. George W. 

 Roberts, Vicksburg, Miss. 



