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HORTICULTURE 



October 16, 1915 



EFFECT OF THE WAR ON AMERICAN INDUSTRIES 



The blow in the face received by 

 American industries througli condi- 

 tions brought about by the European 

 war lias acted as a tonic, has forced 

 the nation to create new branches and 

 ^enlarge the scope of existing phases 

 of manufacture, opened the way to 

 utilize, on a vast scale, great natural 

 resources of the United States, and 

 induced manufacturers and merchants 

 to expand their markets into foreign 

 fields with prospects of permanent re- 

 sults, says the Bureau of Foreign and 

 Domestic Commerce, of the Depart- 

 ment of Commerce, in a forecast of 

 the effect of the war on the industrial 

 future of the country. 



American ingenuity has been applied 

 with success to the making of articles 

 previously imported, and among those 

 who have shown conspicuous ability in 

 meeting the situation, an important 

 place is given to Thomas A. Edison, 

 "American's scientific wizard," who has 

 had a great part in the enterprise and 

 initiative required to build, at a mo- 

 ment's notice, some of the new Ameri- 

 can manufactures required liy the 

 emergency. 



A review of the chief industries 

 ministering particularly to the tem- 

 porary needs of the belligerents across 

 the Atlantic shows that the final out- 

 come will be a very material addition 

 to the manufacturing plant of the 

 United States. Part of this plant will 

 be simply anticipatory of the normal 

 growth of the country's mechanical 



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equipment, part must lie idle in time 

 of peace, but is a distinct asset in the 

 national preparation for an edequate 

 defence against attack: the remainder 

 furnishes at once products needed in 

 the healthy expansion of the chemical 

 industry of the country. 



Less conspicuous and spectacular, 

 but of far greater permanent value, 

 is the impulse given to the manufac- 

 ture on American soil, with American 

 raw materials, of a variety of articles 

 for which we have hitherto been de- 

 pendent upon foreign skill and enter- 

 prise. In a more or less uncomfortable 

 way, we have suddenly been brought to 

 recognize the unwisdom, the folly, of 

 shipping vast amounts of the crude 

 material of our farms, forests, and 

 mines 3000 miles across the ocean, 

 and buying it back in a manufactured 

 form, at a vastly enhanced price. We 

 have likewise come to recognize the 

 absurdity of allowing many natural 

 products of the tropics, of South Amer- 

 ica, of the Far East, to find their way 

 to Europe, and of paying foreign in- 

 telligence and skill to transform them 

 into articles of daily need in our lives. 



American ingenuity, adaptation, in- 

 ventive talent, scientific attainments, 

 and general enterprise have promptly 

 rallied to meet widespread demands, 

 and establish on our own soil the per- 

 manent manufacture of a number of 

 wares, some of minor, others of major 

 importance. The return of peace will 

 see them well rooted and able to with- 

 stand foreign competition. 



The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic 

 Commerce points to the course of 

 events that followed the cutting off 

 liy war of the aniline imports from 

 Germany and the supply of potash 

 from the same source, with the re- 

 sulting tremendous impulse given to 

 tlie expansion of domestic manufac- 

 ture. It also calls attention to the 

 fact that, side by side with the in- 

 creased production of artificial colors, 

 has come the realization by dyers of 

 textiles that the possibilities of the 

 natural dyestuffs have been sadly 

 neglected during the past few decades. 



The facility and exactness with 

 which the coal tar colors can be em- 

 ployed, the endless diversity of tints 

 and shades readily secured by their 

 aid, have led the modern generation 

 of dyers to disregard, in great meas- 

 ure, those time-honored vegetable dyes, 

 for centuries the only available source 

 of color, which still give their charm 

 and value to the choice products of 

 Oriental looms. The present "dye- 

 stuff famine" has brought them again 

 into prominence. Not so easily ap- 

 plied as the aniline dyes, they still 

 have their especial merits. As a re- 

 sult the American works engaged in 

 the preparation of extracts from the 

 yellow oak of the Alleghanies, from 

 the logwood of Jamaica, from the red- 

 wood of Brazil, from the cutch of In- 

 dia, are providing in enormous 

 amounts the substituties for the more 

 brilliant, but often more fugitive, hues 

 of the coal-tar products. 



In the future, natural dystuffs will 

 occupy a more important position in 

 the textile world, and a more ample 



recognition will be accorded to the 

 highly perfected processes of recent 

 years, ensuring their fastness upon the 

 animal and vegetable fibres. At the 

 same time, we can look forward with 

 confidence to the evolution of a genu- 

 ine American coal-tar color industry. 



Of the domestic potash supply it is 

 stated that large amounts of the com- 

 pounds of this element are present in 

 the vast beds of kelp floating on the 

 waves of the Pacific, close to the west- 

 ern littoral of the country, that each 

 year the waters of the Pacific coast 

 are producing a crop in which potash 

 salts possessing a normal value of 

 more than $90,000,000 are readily avail- 

 able for use in agriculture and the 

 arts. Now a dozen companies are en- 

 gaged in the campaign. Not only the 

 inexhaustible supplies in the waters 

 of the Pacific, but also the remarkable 

 deposits in the arid waste about Sear- 

 les Lake in California, and the valu- 

 able alunite of Utah are being rapidly 

 transformed into standard, commercial 

 grades. A year or two, hence we may 

 be able to fertilize our broad acres 

 with American potash exclusively, 

 while another year or two may see 

 us free from dependence upon dyes 

 of foreign make. 



The Bureau advises the business 

 men of the United States that the pres- 

 ent time is opportune for them to 

 study the Latin American markets, to 

 get in touch with the people of the 

 countries, and thus to open the way 

 for extensive business operations. In 

 other countries also there are unprece- 

 dented opportunities for the extension 

 of foreign trade, and with the indica- 

 tions that we are entering upon a 

 period as a creditor nation, we are in 

 a position, as never before, to Invest 

 our capital in industries and develop- 

 ments in foreign countries. 



It does not believe that the cost of 

 production in the warring countries 

 of Europe will be lowered as a result 

 of the war, or that there will be dan- 

 ger from that source to the holding 

 of new markets already gained. Ex- 

 perience has shown that it is apt to . 

 be higher instead of lower after the 

 close of a war, with higher interest 

 rates, higher wages, and higher prices 

 in the warring countries. Surveying 

 the whole field, it may justly be said 

 that the world's conflict has been of 

 unmeasured value to American indus- 

 try as a whole. 



1 



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