38 



HORTICULTURE 



July 12, 1919 



ORIGIN OF THE GREENHOUSE. 



Like everything else, the modern 

 greenhouse is a product of evolution, 

 says Harold A. Caparn, in the June 

 number o£ Architecture. It began in 

 the seventeenth century under the 

 form of glazed frames set in front of 

 a wall on which fruit trees were 

 trained to keep the sun's light and 

 heat within. Also, later, to conserve 

 the heat of a flue within the wall. 

 Then it became a room with windows 

 for the storage of plants in winter like 

 the orangeries at Versailles and else- 

 where. Gradually the windows grew 

 larger, but even up to the beginning 

 of the nineteenth century a roof was 

 considered unnecessary, as it was be- 

 lieved that glass overhead would allow 

 the artificial heat within to escape. 

 As soon as it was discovered that the 

 roof could be glazed as well as the 

 sides without undue loss of heat, the 

 modern greenhouse came into being, 

 the supports diminished to the mini- 

 mum required to support the glass 

 and, as might be expected, the latest 

 thing in glass houses is a steel frame 

 with the lateral supports almost sup- 

 pressed, and with even bent panes of 

 glass replacing the old fashioned 

 eaves. Thus the greenhouse has con- 

 tinually travelled further from the 

 architecture from which it first arose. 



DREER'S 



rLORIST SPECIALTIES 



N«W Brand New Stf !• 



'RIVBRTON" BOSB 



Furnished in lengths up 

 to 500 ft. without seam or 

 joint. 



Tbt HBSE fir tbi FlIRIST 



M-inch, per ft., 19 c. 

 Reel of 500 ft. " i8ftc. 

 9 Reels, xoooft. " 18 c. 

 K-inch, " 16 c. 



Reels, 500 ft., •' is^c. 

 Couplings furnished with- 

 out charge 



HENRY A. DREER 



714-716 Chestnut St., 

 Philadelphia, Pa. 



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I INSTRUCTION IN GARDENING ) 



= Practical Instruction la offered In 1 

 | vegetable, flower and fruit gardening, = 

 i greenhouse and nursery practice, to- = 

 | gether with lectures, laboratory, field i 

 = and shop work In garden botany, zoo- 1 

 = logy, pathology, landscape design, soils, 1 

 I plant chemistry and related subjects. | 

 | The curriculum Is planned for the | 

 | education of any persons who would i 

 = become trained gardeners or fitted to = 

 s be superintendents of estates or parks. = 

 = Students may be admitted at any time. = 

 | Circulars and other Information will i 

 I be mailed on application. 



| The New York Botanical Garden! 



| Bronx Park N1EW YORK CITY 1 



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SWEET PEAS UNDER GLASS. 

 By William Sim. 



Sweet peas are being taken up by 

 many new growers who are looking for 

 accurate information about the best 

 ways in handling peas. Mr. William 

 Sim is recognized as one of the best 

 growers in the country, for which rea- 

 son the facts about his methods as 

 given in the American Sweet Pea 

 Bulletin should prove valuable. Mr. 

 Sim says: Seeds may be planted if 

 the house is ready, directly where they 

 are to grow. This is the best practice. 

 If the house is not ready they may be 

 sown in beds and transplanted or sown 

 in pots and transplanted. In sowing 

 the seeds we use a marker 2.% inches 

 deep and 2% inches apart; this is 

 made about 12 feet long so that a row 

 can be marked off in a few minutes. 

 One seed is dropped into every hole 

 and the soil pressed together over the 

 seed. It is essential, if good Sweet 

 Peas are desired, that the plants 

 should be grown the greatest length of 

 time at as low temperature as possible 

 until near the period when you wish 

 the plants to bloom, when it will be 

 necessary to increase the temperature 

 in order to produce color and have the 

 plants hold their buds. What seems 

 to trouble most growers are mildew, 

 aphids, red spider, bud drop and meth- 

 od of staking. 



Mildew is brought on through im- 

 proper ventilation and manipulation 

 of the steam pipes. From observations, 

 mildew always starts in the house 

 where the air is dead in the two cor- 

 ners where the steam supply enters. 

 The headers of the steam coils being 

 located there, an undue amount of heat 

 is given off at all times, unless these 

 are thoroughly insulated. Once the 

 mildew starts in corners, and the 

 house gets into a wet, clammy condi- 

 tion, the fungous spreads over a whole 

 house in less time than it takes to 

 write these lines. . I have never used 

 anything for a remedy, believing that 

 prevention was a better course than 

 trying to cure, and have not been 

 troubled to any extent with it. 



Aphis will appear, and unless held 

 in check will soon, ruin a crop. We 

 have used, for many years, fumigating 

 tobacco dust, "Killm Dead" brand. As 

 soon as aphis shows itself we give the 

 house what we call a double dose, that 

 is, two applications the same night, 

 giving the first at dusk and the other 

 about 10 to 11 o'clock. This keeps the 

 smoke in the house the whole night 

 and will kill most of the aphids. On 

 the following night we give a single 

 dose, setting off at dusk. In a house 

 41 feet wide we use three rows of 12- 

 inch pie plates, placed every 8 feet 



apart for a double dose and 16 feet 

 apart for a single dose. We cover the 

 bottom of plate with 1 inch of tobacco 

 dust, making the center slightly coni- 

 cal. In setting the dust off we use an 

 ordinary oil can filled with wood alco- 

 hol. We light the end of the spout and 

 squirt a few drops of the flaming 

 liquid into the dust, which will com- 

 mence to burn a very little. 



CHICAGO TO DETROIT. 



The Wabash railroad has been 

 chosen for the trip of the Chicago 

 Florists' Club and friends to the an- 

 nual convention of the Society of 

 American Florists at Detroit, Mich., 

 August 19-21. Special Pullman sleep- 

 ers for the exclusive use of the party 

 will be in Wabash train 12 leaving 

 Dearborn station, Dearborn and Polk 

 streets, Monday, August 18, at 11.25 

 p. m., due Detroit the following morn- 

 ing at 7.50 o'clock. 



The fare one way. tax included, is 

 $S.S2. Pullman fares are: Lower 

 berth, $2.16; upper berth, $1.73; seat, 

 $1.08. 



Delegations from the north, south 

 and west are invited to join the party 

 at Chicago. 



Michael Barker, 



Chairman Transportation Committee, 

 Chicago Florists' Club. 



COMING EXHIBITIONS. 



August 9-10, Boston, Mass. — Exhibi- 

 tion of gladioli and phlox by Massa- 

 chusetts Horticultural Society. Wm. 

 P. Rich, secretary, Horticultural Hall, 

 Boston. 



September 9-11, Hartford, Conn. — 

 Fall flower show of the Connecticut 

 Horticultural Society. Alfred Dixon, 

 secretary, Wethersfield, Conn. 



September 11-14, Boston, Mass. — 

 Dahlia, fruit and vegetable exhibition 

 of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- 

 ciety. Wm. P. Rich, secretary, Horti- 

 cultural Hall, Boston. 



September 16-17, Ardmore, Pa. — Ex- 

 hibition of dahlias, outdoor cut flowers 

 and vegetables of the Pennsylvania 

 Horticultural Society. David Rust, 

 secretary, 606 Finance Building, Phila- 

 delphia. 



September 18-19, Providence, R. I. — 

 Dahlia show of the Rhode Island Hor- 

 ticultural Society. E. K. Thomas, sec- 

 retary, Kingston, R. I. 



September 23-25, New York— Dahlia 

 exhibition under the auspices of the 

 American Institute of the City of New 

 York and the American Dahlia Society 

 at the Engineering Society building, 

 25-33 West 39th street. Wm. A. Engle- 

 son, secretary board of managers, 322 

 West 23rd street, New York. 



