3« 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



INEXCUSABLE DAMAGE TO ItOOTS OF SPLEXIIID EI>MS IX 

 LAYING CONCRETE SIDEWALK. 



After the surfat-e of the wound is coated with paint, the entire 

 aperture should be filled solidly with concrete. It is of the first 

 importance that the paint should be dry and the fiber openings 

 sealed tightly before the application of the concrete, as that 

 material, made up of cement, sand and gravel, gives off a small 

 percentage of sulphuric acid, which otherwise would injure the 

 live wood of the tree. The cement in one part is used in a 

 mixture of two and one half parts clean bank sand, such as will 

 pass through a quarter-inch screen when dry, two parts large 

 pebble gravel, and should always be laid in sections, giving time 

 before the placing of each new layer, for the preceding one to 

 dry thoroughly. 



In preparing the concrete, mix the sand and cement together 

 while dry, then throw in the pebbles as the water is added; keep 

 turning the mass over and over, and stir it until it is smooth 



TIUOES AT E\A.\STON LOCATED TOO NEAI! SIDEWALK, 

 WHICH WILL SURELY RUIN THEM. 



l.cfoio |iouring into the cavity. Iron b;ir supports, placed between 

 the layers of concrete, give the filling added stability, and are 

 commended. 



The exposed face of this concrete filling must not be brought 

 out to the same plane as the outer bark of the tree, but should 

 recede' a little, so that the growing tissue (cambium), which lies 

 immediately beneath the outer bark, can grow ovct the cement 

 and cover the entire opening, if it be a small one, or if it be a 

 large one, grow out sufficiently to overlap the filling and hold 

 it as a frame holds a picture. 



The wound thus cauterized, dressed and sealed, will finally be 

 healed by nature itself, and the tree restored to its pristine 

 vitality, provided of course, that the growing conditions are right. 

 But, as in the case of the healed wound of a human being, a scar 

 will remain, marking the place of injury. 



WOODS SHOWING LITTLE SHEINKAGE 



All woods from a dry to a seasoned state show a Eiirinkago, but 

 there are certain varieties in which it is slight. The shrinkage 

 of the same variety of woods varies w'ith the rapidity of the 

 growth of the tree. The shrinkage of various boards from the 

 same tree will vary materially. A quarter-sawed board of any 

 variety shows only small shrinkage, while that of a flat-sawed 

 board follows the breadth of the piece and is much greater. 



The assertion has been made that the wood which shows the 

 least amount of shrinkage is the American mulberry, and that 

 specimens of this wood that have been piled a full year show an 

 imperceptible diminution in wi.ltli or thickness. Black walnut 

 perhajis shows the next least shrinkage of any other domestic 

 •wood, and that of good varieties of mahogany is very slight. It 

 is for this reason that the Pullman Company, and makers of high- 

 class cabinet work (especially the manufacturer of the splendid 

 specimens of tables and bureaus that were made nearly one hun- 

 dred years ago) employed black walnut and mahogany as a base 



for their veneer work. Even to this day the Pullman Company 

 uses a consideralile quantity of black walnut as cores ;ind backing 

 for its high-class mahogany panel work. 



EXPORTS INCREASE 



It is likel}' that the value of manufactures passing out of the 

 United States in the calen<lar year 1911 may exceed $1,000,000,000. 

 This estimate is based on figures of the Bureau of Statistics cover- 

 ing the exports for the first nine months of the year, which 

 alreaily exceed .$710,(10(1,000. This is more than .t 100,000,000 in 

 excess of the exports for the first nine months of 1010, or about 

 seventeen and one-half ])er cent increase. To this may be added 

 the value of manufactures going to Alaska, Porto Rico and Hawaii. 



The country's total exjiorts in 1911 will surely be twice that of 

 ten years ago, and more than five times that of twenty years ago. 

 Wood manufactures give indication of cvceeding $90,000,000 in 

 1911 compared with $82,000,000 in 1910. 



