56 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



subject of much inquiry among the manufactur- 

 ers of the United States. 



Itese inquiries have led the Bureau of Sta- 

 tistics to the preparation of a statement show- 

 ing the distribution, article by article, to the 

 various sections of the world, grouping these for 

 convenience of the study according to grand 

 divisions showing the value of exports to Europe, 

 North America, South America, Asia, Africa and 

 Oceania respectively in 1911 and at the earlier 

 period in which the total was but half that of 

 today. 



Comparing the exports of manufactures in 1911 

 with those of earlier years, the Bureau finds that 

 they have increased 100%, or doubled in value 

 since 1902. and therefore compares in detail the 

 figures of 1911 with those of that year. It finds 

 that in this nine years' period in which the 

 value of manufactures exported doubled, the in- 

 crease, measured by percentages, is : to Asia 

 36%. to Africa 04%, to Europe 70%, to North 

 America 158%, and to South America 248%. 



The growth aud changes in distribution of our 

 exports of manufactures during the last decade 

 are well illustrated by comparative figures cover- 

 ing a few of the more important articles. Of 

 iron and steel manufactures, for example, the 

 exports to Europe in the fiscal year 1901 were 

 $44,000,000, in 1911, $51,000,000 ; to North 

 America, in 1901. $44,000,000, in 1911, $107,000,- 

 000, the growth in exports to Europe being 

 slight, while those to North America more than 

 doubled. To South America the figures for 1901 

 were $9,000,000. those for 1911, .$30,000,000; to 

 Asia, $9,000,000 in 1901, .$18,000,000 in 1911 ; 

 to Oceania. $0,000,000 in 1901, $19,000,000 in 

 1911 ; and to Africa, .$3,333,333 in 1901, $5,500,- 

 000 in 1911. 



Our exports of copper and manufactures there- 

 of are principally to Europe, the figures having 

 grown from $41,000,000 in 1901 to $98,000,000 

 in 1911, and representing in that year over nine- 

 ty per cent of the total exports of that article. 



Of refined mineral oil the exports to Europe 

 increased from $41,000,000 in 1901 to $48,000.- 

 000 in 1911 ; to Asia, the second largest market, 

 from $12,000,000 to $19,000,000, while to no 

 other grand division were the figures for 1911 

 as much as $10,000,000, South America, however. 

 being credited with $0,500,000, against less than 

 $5,000,000 a decade earlier. Of leather and 

 manufactures the exports to Europe increased 

 from $21,000,000 in 1901 to $33,000,000 in 1911 ; 

 to North America, from $3,333,333 to $13,066,- 

 COC: to South American, $500,000 to $3,000,000; 

 and Asia, from $333,333 to $1,500,000. 



Every part of the world is taking increased 

 amounts of agricultural implements from the 

 United States. To Europe the growth in the 

 decade 1901-1911 was from $10,000,000 to $17,- 

 000.000 ; to North America from $2,500,000 to 

 $0,000,000; to South America, from $1,750,000 

 to $9.000.000 : to Asia, from $190,000 to $750,- 

 000: to Oceania, from $1,000,000 to $1,750,000, 

 and to Africa, from $2.50.000 to $1,500,000. 



American cars and carriages, including auto- 

 mobiles, are also increasing in popularity abroad, 

 the exports having nearly trebled in ten years. 

 Of the $30,500,000 worth exported in 1911, one- 

 half went to North America, $15,500,000, against 

 $3,.'.00.000 in 1901 ; to South America, $5,000,- 

 000, against less than $1,000,000 a decade 

 earlier: and to Oceania, $3,000,000, against $1,- 

 cncnor, In 1901. 



Imports of Forest Products from Canada 



.\ comparison of the Import of forest products 

 frrm Canada Into the United States for the last 

 three years shows that the total amount of 

 lumber lmi)orled during 1911 was slightly In 

 excess of 1909, and nearly $3,000,000 less than 

 1910. The value of log Imports, however, in- 

 cluding elm. hemlock, oak, pine, spruce, tamarack 

 and others, has Increased each year and amounted 

 In 1911 to $4,161,000. The Import of square 

 timbers has not been ver.V material, and showed 

 B remarkable decrease from 1909, when It aggre 



gated $148,000. to 1911 when the valif reached 

 but $11,000. The value of the importation of 

 wood for pulp increased both over 1909 and 1910 

 aud amounted to $6,092,000. There has been a 

 material increase in the value of sleepers and 

 railroad ties coming into this country from the 

 Dominion, it increasing from 1909 to 1911 from 

 $287,000 to $356,000. There was a decrease in 

 the importation of shingles .and lath. 



Chestnut in Tennessee 



The valuable t.mnic properties of the chestnut 

 have made this tree of recent years one of the 

 most important forest trees of Tennessee. A 

 bulletin on the subject compiled by W. W. .\she 

 of the lUnited States Forest Service .says that 

 seven tannic extract plants are now in operation 

 in the state, and all use chestnut wood and hark. 

 More than 50.000 cords of wood with a value of 

 $187,500 are consumed by these plants an- 

 nually. In addition, reports for 1909 show Ihat 

 71,962,000 feet of chestnut lumber were cut in 

 Tennessee with a mill value of $1,121,888. The 

 bulletin estimates on this basis that the chestnut 

 is worth annually to the state of Tennessee 

 $1,640,000. The bulletin goes into detail as to 

 the silvical characteristics, diseases and defects, 

 types of growth, and various phases of forest 

 management tending to create a perpetual sup- 

 ply of good stock. It further treats of the rela- 

 tive number of board feel, cubic feet and cords. 



Building in Canada Brisk During 1911 



Building operations in the Dominion of Canada 

 were not only remarkably active duriug 1911, but 

 showed a vast increase over figures for the pre- 

 vious year, the twenty-two principal cities in- 

 vesting nearly $120,000,000, an increase of 

 twenty-nine per cent over 1910 and eighty-two 

 per cent over 1909. Toronto with an expenditure 

 of $24,000,000 was in the lead, and was fifteen 

 per cent ahead of its 1910 investment. The 

 greatest increase was shown in Calgary, and 

 amounted to one hundred and thirty-one per cent. 

 Vancouver was second in actual amount ex- 

 pended, and next came Winnipeg, Montreal and 

 Calgary. There were decreases in the building 

 investment in but five of the twenty-two prin- 

 (ipal cities of the Dominion. 



Forest Protective Measures 



At the quarterly meeting of the Michigan 

 Hardwood Manufacturers' Association, held a; 

 Detroit on Jan. 25, a paper by Thomas I!. 

 Wyman. secretary of the Northern Forest Pro- 

 tective Association, was read. The object of the 

 address was a stimulation of an interest in forest 

 protection work among timber owners of lower 

 Michigan, with the hope of securing an organiza 

 tion for that section similar to the Northern 

 Forest Protective Association, which has for its 

 object the protection from fire of the forests of 

 the northern peninsula. The paper was so 

 deserving of attention that the Michigan Manu- 

 facturers' Association, through its secretary, has 

 had it printed in paiuphlet form for distribution 

 with the idea of giving the members an ojjpor- 

 tunity of studying more closely the accomplish- 

 ments of the northern timber owners. 



The address deals with the work already done 

 by Mr. Wyman's organization. It points out that 

 frequency of forest fires has come only with the 

 inroads of civilization into the forests, and the 

 continued march of development which has 

 necessitated the practice of firing the forests. 

 It was an appreciation of these conditions which 

 led to the organization of the Norlhi-ru Foiesl 

 Protective Association In 1010. II was planned 

 that the organization would protect the forests 

 by patrol, and by stimulating a public Interest In 

 their behalf. It became neccsBnry to secure an 

 efllclcnt corps of wardens, and to list every acre 

 of land and apportion them among tln' wardens 

 so that they would be under constant i)atrol. 



Mr. Wyman says Ihat one of the ini>st marked 

 conditions which he encountered was the Igno. 

 ranee r.f tin- nv.-nici' Individual of all fori'St lire 



laws. The policy of the association in these 

 instances was to mail to the persons in question 

 copies of the statutes and suggestions for co- 

 operation with the association. In this way 

 personal interest was stimulated and many new 

 members made for the association. In fact It 

 was this awakening of public interest which has 

 been the strongest worker in the cause of forest 

 fire protection. 



It was necessary of course to give the wardens 

 authority, and this was done by granting them 

 special appointments from the state department, 

 under which they have the power to arrest with- 

 out warrant, to compel assistance in fighting 

 fires, and to place the burden of fire fighting 

 costs upon the township where it occurred. As a 

 result, in the year 1911. while more than one 

 hundred fires were discovered, not one did any 

 material damage on patrolled land. These re- 

 ports cover 2.100,000 acres, upon which assess- 

 ments were paid. The total assessment from the 

 org.anization to the first of March. 1912, was 

 five-eighths of a cent per acre. 



Mr. Wyman concludes his paper with a few 

 suggestions as to the procedure of the organiza- 

 tion of an association such as he represents. 

 Copies of the document can probably be had by 

 writing to .T. C. Knox, secretary of the Michigan 

 Hardwood Manufacturers' Association. Cadillac. 

 Mich. 



A Publication of Merit 



The lumber business is taking on the character 

 of almost every other important industry in the 

 country in that the big operator is constantly 

 becoming more of a factor and the smaller man 

 is cither cutting out his stumpage or is selling 

 out to bigger interests. With this change of 

 condition, the bonding of timber holdings is also 

 becoming much more frequent, and as a result, 

 timber bonding liouses making a specialty of this 

 line are now in existence in considerable number. 



Until recently there was but little information 

 concerning this type of investment, which was 

 acceptable to prospective investors or timber 

 holders contemplating the honding proposition. 

 Sever.al months ago. however. T. S. McGrath. 38 

 South Dearborn street. Chicago, issued a book 

 treating of every detail of this subject, entitled 

 "Timber Bonds." The publication has met with 

 pronounced success not only among lumbermen, 

 but it has also attracted considerable notice 

 outside. As an instance, the current annals of 

 the American Academy of Polilical and Social 

 Science. Philadelphia, says : 



"This book is one of the best Intensive studies 

 of a particular class of securities which has 

 appeared within recent years. Beginning with 

 the review of the method of examining timber 

 properties, the author proceeds to outline the 

 procedure In the formation of underwriting syndi- 

 cates for limber bonds: goes fully into the con- 

 tracts between the bankers and the owners for 

 the delivery pf the bond, and makes an admirable 

 study including many valuable specimen Illus- 

 trations of trust deeds and types of timber bonds. 

 There is also given a discussion of sinking funds 

 for timber bonds, and concise and valimble col- 

 lections of definitions of words and phrases 

 encountered In connection with this class of 

 security." 



The publication well merits the attention of 

 any one Interested In timber bonding proposi- 

 tions. 



The Ilircbwood Lumber Company has been In- 

 eorpcjrated at St. Paul. Minn., with iin authorized 

 capital stock of $100,000. 



Fire recently destroyed the furnllure factory 

 of the Hockford Desk Company, Kockford. 111., 

 entailing a loss estimated at $200,000. The 

 plant will l>e rebuilt. 



The "veneer of politeness" sometimes Is so 

 Ihin that It Is transparent, and the defects of 

 the bash- material show through. 



