May 3, 1919 



HORTICULTURE 



433 



CUTWORMS IN GREENHOUSES 

 AND OUTSIDE. 



In discussing cutworms the state en- 

 tomologist of Rhode Island speaks 

 particularly of the climbing kinds 

 which attack the choicest blooms of 

 chrysanthemums, carnations and the 

 newly opened leaves of smilax. These 

 worms do a considerable amount of 

 'limbing in order to reach these ten- 

 der and succulent parts. Some spe- 

 cies become great nuisances through 

 their habit of climbing fruit trees and 

 eating the opening buds and blOBSOms. 

 Cutworms when full grown are from 

 one and a half to two inches in length. 

 They have three pairs of true legs and 

 five pairs of false or prolegs. Their 

 bodies are thick and taper a little to- 

 wards the ends. They are naked cat- 

 erpillars, rather greasy looking, and 

 are of a dirty brownish, grayish, or 

 greenish color, sometimes having ob- 

 scure markings and oblique lines. 

 When taken from the ground, or when 

 disturbed while feeding, they curl up 

 into a ring. 



The moths are mostly inconspicu- 

 ous, with pale grayish-brown fore 

 wings and lighter under wings. They 

 fly at night and remain in sheltered 

 spots during the day where they so 

 resemble their surroundings, such as 

 the bark of trees, that they are very 

 difficult to see. The fact that they 

 have bright and shining eyes and that 

 they fly only at night accounts for 

 their common name; owlet moths. 

 The moths do no damage, but feed 

 chiefly upon the nectar of flowers 



There are about fifty species of cut- 

 worms in New England ; most of them 

 live over winter in the larvae stage. 

 The larvae begin their work out of 

 doors about the first of May. About 

 the last of June many of them bury 



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themselves and change into moths 

 which lay eggs and start a new cycle. 

 Poisoned bran mash is a successful 

 remedy. It is made by mixing Paris 

 Green with bran at the rate of one 

 heaping teaspoonful to a quart of 

 the bran and then mixing same with 

 a little water sweetened with cheap 

 sugar or molasses. This mixture is 

 placed on the ground in little dabs 

 here and there in the vicinity of plants 

 liable to injury. This method is es- 

 pecially useful in greenhouses. A sin- 

 gle application apparently destroyed 

 every cutworm in a Providence green- 

 house where a large crop of carna- 

 tions were being rapidly ruined. 



Where grass land is to be plowed 

 under for the planting of other crops 

 it is often wise to thoroughly spray 

 the sod with arsenate of lead a few 

 days before turning over. This will 

 kill the greater proportion of the lar- 

 vae and nearly all of the survivors 

 may be destroyed by applying a bran 

 mash mixture on the harrowed field 

 and allowing it to remain unplanted 

 for a few days. Spraying of the grass 

 or weed grown borders of fields abcut 

 to be cultivated will also help to keep 

 these pests down. Repeated harrow- 

 ing and the turning in of chickens on 

 to newly plowed land are other means 

 which may be employed but, of course, 

 chickens must be kept out of fields 

 where poisoned bait has been scat- 

 tered. 



Sometimes where cutworms are 

 numerous, it is well to dip the vege- 

 tables about to be planted into an 

 arsenate of lead solution. 



For the climbing varieties it is 

 sometimes necessary to tie bands of 

 cotton batting or inverted cardboard 

 cones about the trunks of small fruit 

 trees to prevent them from being 

 stripped of their buds. The applica- 

 tion of Tree Tanglefoot would prob- 

 ably be a good preventive measure. 

 Since cutworms have been known to 



do appreciable injury to very young 

 trees by feeding on the tender bark 

 just below such bands as are sug- 

 gested above, it may at times be more 

 economical and effective to dig out the 

 larvae from the ground around the 

 trees and feed them to the chickens. 



Cutworms have many enemies both 

 from a predaceous and a parasitic 

 standpoint and it is well that this is 

 so for otherwise their depredations in 

 grass fields would make the raising of 

 hay almost impossible. Among the 

 birds the following are persistent feed- 

 ers on cutworms: meauow lark, robin, 

 grackle, crow, red-winged blackbird, 

 starling, and catbird. 



The variegated cutworm is a cos- 

 mopolitan insect, being found through- 

 out Europe as well as the United 

 States and Canada. It is one of the 

 most common of the cutworms in the 

 garden and it is the one generally 

 found in greenhouses. In green- 

 houses, it may be found in all stages 

 during a greater part of the year. 



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