42 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 



lawn or garden ; not pushed into a corner in the shade, for 

 nooks and corners seldom make good rose gardens, but 

 select a sheltered position open to the sun and air. A 

 few shrubs should be grouped around it to give an air of 

 privacy, for it is here that ladies will delight to bring 

 their friends. Vistas of the glories of the rose beds seen 

 through breaks in the shrubbery should entice them to 

 walk to it while an open and fully exposed to view rose 

 garden that may be seen from a distance, ma_\' not tempt 

 a close inspection. 



Rustic posts with chains festooned from post to post 

 serve for climbing roses and may also be utilized for 

 clematis. This makes a pretty and neat arrangement for 

 partially enclosing the rose garden. Grass walks are 

 good for a rose garden, and it is a good plan to have 

 a bed for each variety. 



To break the monotony of sameness in height of the 

 dwarf roses, standards should be freely planted, while 

 in some rose gardens climbing roses could be used trained 

 to poles. It is not difficult to select a good collection 

 of roses. The tea and the hybrid tea roses, howe\er, 

 should be well represented in any rose garden, for they 

 continue to bloom right into the winter months. The 

 delicate coloring of their tlowers make them charming 

 subjects for the summer and autumn rose garden. 



That splendid rose "Gruss un Teplitz" is exceedingly 

 useful for bright effects. I have used it for a border 

 alongside of a mountain-stone house, with verv good 

 effect. In such a position it is not glaring, but harmonizes 

 with the stone and helps to relieve the dull color. This 

 rose blooms profusely the whole season and its foliage 

 is handsome. I consider Caroline Testout the best pink 

 for bedding. The budded Hybrid tea roses are better 

 than own root plants for outside. They are more 

 vigorous than the "own root plants." I believe they ripen 

 up better in the fall and so are better able to stand the 

 winter. Tender Tea roses may be dug up in the fall and 

 heeled in to a depth that completely covers the plants. 

 In this way no losses occur, or they may be moulded like 

 celery. Tying up with straw is then unnecessary. Stand- 

 ard roses may also be dug up and buried in the late fall. 

 No losses will then occur with the standards as is often 

 the case now. 



I have not troubled you with long lists of plants. The 

 nursery catalogues supply these : the crv and need is, how 

 to use them. Progress in horticulture during the last 

 twenty-five years has been marvelous. There is no reason 

 to suppose it will not continue. It is for the gardeners to 

 grasp the situation, study the art of landscape gardening, 

 get well acquainted with trees, shrubs and hardy flowers, 

 study the work of great landscape gardeners and the 

 characteristics of the plants and trees you have under 

 your care. Endeavor to plant more of the things you 

 do not know, even if you have to tear out, or rearrange, 

 your shrubberies, so that your knowledge of trees and 

 shrubs is thorough and up to date. 



The man who produces beautiful effects in the arrange- 

 ment of flowers makes the world more cheerful and his 

 work has a great refining influence upon the people who 

 come in contact with it. But the work itself is ephemeral, 

 changing like fashions, and often produced to suit tastes 

 and moods. But good landscape effects are not influenced 

 by fashions, tastes or moods, but are produced by follow- 

 ing certain well defined principles. The carrying out of 

 which calls for the best of good judgment and a thorough 

 and definite knowledge of horticulture gained by practical 

 experience and association with the best in landscape art, 

 until one becomes imbued with that sense of adaptability, 

 harmony, and good taste that is essential to the landscape 

 gardener's art. 



TRANSPLANTING BIG TREES. 



Hundreds of full grown palm trees are being trans- 

 planted to the gardens and courts of the Panama-Pacific 

 International Exposition at San Francisco. The opera- 

 tions in connection with moving the great trees are con- 

 ducted on a larger scale than any other previous similar 

 work, yet the palms comprise only one portion of the 

 great aggregation of trees and plants and flowers that 

 are being gathered from all over the world for the decora- 

 tion of the 1915 Exposition. 



The horticultural and floral display in magnitude, 

 variety and beauty will excel anything of its nature ever 

 presented at a world's exposition. Thousands of trees, 

 shrubs and flowers have been introduced from far corners 

 of the world. These include hundreds of giant tree ferns, 

 palms, cypress, rhododendrons, firs, acacias, eucalyptus 

 trees, banana plants, orange and lemon trees and thou- 

 sands of trailing vines and flowers' including roses, bouga- 

 invilleas, veronicas, hydrangeas, geraniums, tulips, cro- 

 cuses, anemones and daffodils. 



Two species of palm are used on the Exposition 

 grounds ; principally to line the South Drive which runs 

 between the main group of e.xhibit palaces and the great 

 South Gardens. They are the Canary Island date palms 

 and the California fan palm, a carload of the latter being 

 shown in the accompanying photograph. 



The trees are brought to the Exposition grounds from 



XO\'EL SYSTEM OF REPL.\NTI^'G L.\RGE P.VLMS. 



nurseries where for the past year or six months they have 

 been prepared for transportation by means of the side-box 

 system, perfected by John McLaren, director of the 

 E.xposition landscape work. The side roots and trees to 

 be moved are cut at least six months in advance and the 

 boxing is sunk on four sides. When the tree is acclimat- 

 ed to its "short rations'' the roots that extend directly 

 downward are cut and a bottom put on the box. Before 

 being moved, uprights are nailed to the box to prevent 

 damage to the trunk during transportation and the tree 

 can then be lifted bodily aboard a freight car. Trees 

 weighing anywhere from eight to twenty tons have been 

 handled in this manner with complete success, ."^.t the 

 exposition grounds the process is reversed. The box 

 containing the tree is set in the ground with the bottom 

 removed and later the sides are drawn out, allowing the 

 tree to gradually become accustomed to the changed con- 

 dition. 



The whole effect that will be obtained through the use 

 of such large quantities of full grown trees will be that 

 of a park of years standing. The gardens will be com- 

 plete months in advance of the opening of the Exoosition 

 on Februarv 20, 1915. and to the visitor there will be little 

 evidence apparent that the space then occupied by the 

 great exhibit palaces and wide stretching lawns, with 

 interspersed clumps of trees and bushes, was but a short 

 time ago a wide expanse of salt water and marsh land. 



