THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 



117 



Associated with this work some other important lines 

 were undertaken as alifecting crops under glass hy Air. 

 Albert F. Woods, also an assistant in the Division of \ eg- 

 etable Pathology. Air. ^^'oods conducted some very im- 

 portant studies of lily diseases, and his studies of stigma- 

 nose, showing the relation of insects and cultural methods 

 to diseases, cleared up a number r)f difficulties and made 

 it practicable to control some of the more serious troubles 

 confronting the carnation grower. 



The work of the Division of X'egetable Pathology had 

 developed at this time into a number of important fields, 

 including the diseases affecting shade and ornamental 

 trees, diseases affecting greenhouse crops, diseases af- 

 fecting truck crops, and so forth. In 1901, upon the 

 death of William Saunders, superintendent of gardens 

 ami grounds of the Department of Agriculture, the gar- 

 dens and grounds were turned over to Dr. (jalloway. 

 This was the beginning of the organization of the Bureau 

 of Plant Industry, coincident with the organization of 

 several co-ordinate branches in the department. In 1902 

 the bureau was definitely authorized by Congress, and 

 into this bureau was brought ])ractically all of the plant 

 work of the department, except that having to do with 

 the forests. 



Some of the most important developments that may be 

 mentioned in connection with the growth of the liureau 

 of Plant Industry have had to do with proper educational 

 efforts in the matter of pure seeds. The Seed Laboratory 

 of the bureau has done most e.xcellent service along this 

 line. \\'hile its efforts have been to a considerable extent 

 confined to cereal and forage crop seeds, a vast amount 

 of work has been done on vegetable seeds, flower 

 seeds, etc. 



Ever since the Bureau of Plant Industry has been es- 

 tablished it has been responsible for the securing, jjacket- 

 ing and distribution of the so-called Congressional seeds. 

 The lUireau of Plant Industry has never sanctioned this 

 icork. l)ut has endeavored to conduct it in the most busi- 

 ness-like way, because Congress in its wisdoni has seen fit 

 to authorise it. It has from time lo time recommended 

 and submitted definite and specific plans for changing the 

 work, and out of these plans have developed numerous 

 interesting and valuable adjuncts to the distribution. The 

 work is especially designed for aiding the school-garden 

 effort as conducted by Professor Corbett. Out of this 

 work has also grown the very important foreign seed and 

 plant investigations, already referred to. I'"urthermore, 

 out of it has come the work it is now carrying on. having 



I'liklHiX ()[.' THE FIELD STATION OE THE IlL-REAU UF I'l 



PROPAG.\TING SHE 



Early in the organization of the bureau the important 

 field of plant introduction developed through the efforts 

 of David G. Fairchild, who still remains in charge of this 

 work. The world has been pretty well searched for new 

 and rare ornamentals and other plants, and some of these 

 are already making their way into horticultural prom- 

 inence and others are likely to do so. 



The breeding work of the department, especially that 

 having to do with the im.provement of fruits and orna- 

 mental trees, greenhouse crops, etc., has been continued 

 so that the clepartn'.ent and the Bureau of Plant Industry 

 are now well equipped with up-to-date greenhouses for 

 experimental work of all kinds. In this connection 

 should be mentioned the valuable work conducted liy 

 Prof. L. C. Corbett, who for a number of \ears was in 

 charge of the Arlington Experimental Farm. ( )n this 

 farm there is now a well-equipped establishn^ent for the 

 working out of many of the problems affecting American 

 floriculture. The farm is well stocked with excellent ma- 

 terial in the way of experimental orchards, vineyards, 

 etc. It is on this farm also that Mr. W. W. Tracy con- 

 ducted his important work in vegetable testing. 



.AX I IMirMK\-. ( IlUd, (■AI.II''(1RNIA. GLASS HOUSE AXU 

 DS NOT SHOWN. 



for its object the determination whether it is practicable 

 to grow our own Dutch Indbs. The bulb farm at l>el- 

 lingham, Washington, is making good progress along 

 these lines. 



Largely through the eft'orts of Dr. Galloway the de- 

 I>artment has now five well-organized, well-equipped es- 

 tablishments where it is conducting numerous important 

 lines of work affecting horticulture and floriculture. On 

 the grounds of the department proper, which consist of 

 al;out 40 acres, it is now equipped with approximately 

 64,000 square feet of glass. In these houses it is con- 

 ducting some of its most important work in the breeding 

 and projjagation of new and rare plants, experimental 

 work in the feeding of floricultural croj.is, including the 

 rose, the carnation and the chrysanthennnn, the develop- 

 ment of ]5lants and the carrying on of an annual exhibit 

 of chrysanthemums, largely intended for educational pur- 

 poses.' Several houses are also devoted to studies of the 

 diseases affecting crops under glass. Other houses are 

 devoted to the study of tropical and sub-tropical plants, 

 others to the testing and fruiting of some of the troiiical 

 crops adapted to the L'nited States, including die mango, 



