122 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 



An uid gemlenian unce said that in his upiniun many 

 trees died of pneumonia, and why not? That is, tliev 

 are not well enough estal)lished in the soil to stand 

 our winters. If we encourage a vigorous growth late 

 in the fall, the tree does not have time to ripen its 

 \\-ocid to the end of the liranches, and the tissues are 

 sure t;> collapse in the late winter. 



We find it a benefit to mulch newly planted ever- 

 greens, as it kee]is the ground from baking and holds 

 the moisture. Give them a heavier mulch in winter 

 and put this on in the fall before the gr(]und freezes 

 too deep. 



If the frost should get l.ielow the root line it will 1je 

 impossible for the root to provide moisture to the 

 needles. When we get our dry winds in March, you 

 will notice that this is the month that our Conifers 

 and Rhodcxlendrons go l^ad. This is one of the things 

 that we are investigating, to ascertain if we can pro- 

 mote circulation at tliis time. 



Nature provides a nnilcli of leaves or needles to 

 care for the rocjts, but we are so sanitary and neat that 

 this covering is not ;dways allowed to accumulate, but 

 must be rakcrl off and burned, and seldom burned 

 Avhere the ashes will do good. 



In selecting Conifers, the different forms of gro\\-th. 

 dift'erent lengths of needles, sliaj-e and size of ci nes. 

 contrast of shades and color, of old and new growth, 

 where tlie\' are to be Icicated, whether the ground is 

 wet or dr}-, it the ]jlanting is wind swept or sun 

 scorcher! and in what relation to deciduous trees and 

 shrub;-,, must all be taken into consideration. 



When selecting a ])Iace to ])lant Conifers we must 

 consider snowdrifts^ and if we must plant in a location 

 like this we should {)ut up a wind break. It is well to 

 run a light wire around some of the best specimens in 

 winter, so that the snow will not break the branches. 



Nearly ever}- large place has one or two corners 

 where a clump of ])ines or spruces could be planted 

 surrounded liy Thorn bush or wild Roses to keep out 

 cats. It would encourage birds to build their nests if 

 a few thousand clumj^s like this could be planted in 

 the two counties, the birds would go a long wavs to- 

 ward controlling the insect pests. 



When we have a clun-i]3 ]3lanting that we iilant for 

 immediate effect '.ve should give a great deal of 

 thought to tlie distance we plant apart. \\'e should 

 first ])lan a planting for permanency a good distance 

 apart, then plant it. Fill with fillers to make a good 

 effect. For this cheaper trees can be used and when 

 they have grown together you take out the fillers. All 

 you who have tried to thin out a planting know that 

 you are comj^elled to move almost every tree before 

 you are satisfied. 



All of these conditions must he given careful con- 

 sideration, then give the tree a fair chance and you 

 will be rejjaid for your trouble. We have now spent 

 time enough on the Conifers collectively: we will en- 

 deavor to describe the varieties considered hard^- and 

 desirable in our locality. 



There is some confusion about the Botanical names, 

 Init we crust this will soon be straightened out. 



11 <; itiil hei/in ir'ith the Ahits or Fir. noir sometirinx named 

 wilh the I'icicx. First (oiiics Xorrhii(i:i Fir. <iiie of Hic iinniilcst 

 Firs in ridtirutiiiK. nccillc.'! /in/, rcrij itiirk on llir iip/irr iii;lr. liiilit 

 nndr-iiKath, siiivmlid contrast litiircin uliI anil nca; iironth. atlains 

 n ir: rrcndoiKs hiii/ht. hard lo transplant and males Utile f/ion-tli 

 for liro or three /tears; then r/roas rerij fast: has a tonij tap 

 root. Many tiniis the terminal luid lieeomes dorntant. hat after 

 e i/tar a. ilea: Ijad lireuhs mil and innl.rs a neiiy leatler. This free 

 u-ill i/roK O'er one hundred fei t hii/h and should he r/iren pleat, i 

 of room to derelop its natural shape. Xoir eitnies the Halsain 

 Fir: its chief r^eoniinendalion is tlie odor giren off hy the needles. 

 II should he jjartrd in tlrnips. 



i'liniotiir Fir is It sphndid addition to the Firs, a rapid i/ruirer 

 (I -III II ill slam! close to tlie salt initcr. hears lonij, blue, flat iieedle.i. 

 iiardn and lignrons. Attics A nzonica. Cor]: Barl: Fir. a dense 

 aioiiiiii/ Fir. liardii iitiil a fjood loohiiii/ tree. Allies .Xohitis, (ilattea. 

 should hi planlcd in poor soil. 



llf nill noil consider the Pieics or Sprmcs. Tin irhite Spraee. 

 I'll ti Alhii. It till tidsomc tree irhcn i/onni/, ijriiirs more open as it 

 i/ilx larijc. hears lotics icrij iiotiiiti. does ircll near salt rrater. 



l-'.rcclsiar. or the ijood. old Xoraay Sjiruce, the true Christmas 

 trie. 'Jo one nho has lired or trareled in Xeie Englaiid this tree 

 11 ill appeal to. We can all rememher the sitlendid specimens stand- 

 i'lif hi/ ttie irliite farm house, a licit the stioir laij ilei p on the 

 iiroiiiid as I'-i harried to sciiool. 



\] e arc ('impelled to admiic llicir rii/or. their sirciiijlli and 

 roiitain. siiapii.i] hefore the north irind nitlt thi ir friiiijeliltc 

 hiiiiichis liiintiiiKj from their strong arms lil:c limits. True, then 

 hate till ir oirit froitliles at the iireseiit tittic. hut tlteii irill get 

 I'll r il. pioi'idcd ire do our part. 



'I'liey are ullarhcd hi/ the t^pritcilmd louse, a form of Vhi riuese. 

 'litis laiiscs a ru.^tij hunch on the small liranehes, hut can he con- 

 trolled hij spt'ipiiifi in Si ]ilctitl,i I and the last of .{prit. The 

 Inicrla. or Wci ping Spruce, is the treepinij form of the Xoriraii. 

 end 111/ its odd appearance can In tiried in some plantings. 



Allfiici: S/irnee, a tree irit/i needles of green top and hlne undir- 

 neal/i. iticarf Spruce J'umilla, ditisr green and hardy. The Polita. 

 or 'Tigcrlale Spruce, is a ri rg dcsiralilc. strong groner. 'Tlie 

 tiicdlis groir tccll around t'lc ttrigs. and flic tree seems to he free 

 :'ioiti /lists, and is a good- color. 



\c.il Climes /'ill a l*uii(iens. Colntailo S/irine. /I stents too 

 hail tlieg in re not introduced i-ears ago: a shapely grna'er, stronii 

 mid good form. Trees grown from seed come in many sliades of 

 I olor from grei it to good lilitcs. 



7'o get the best lilacs titeg must he grafted: this /.v //((' nasoit 

 of the crlrcmehj Itigh prices charged for these trees. Care must 

 lie tal:eit nheii the Irees are young to l;eep tlie leader straight. 

 'The best trag hciitg lo tie a hainhoo sfil;e to the lioiltj of the trie 

 It 'id let il e.ilend about one fool above the end of the leadi r. 

 '/'his irill l:cep the robins from roosting on the- top bud and tirist- 

 i:g the tender groirth. It sontetimcs seems that tliey dtlight to 

 do it to lite /Hue Spruce. '/'his rariety is attuel-ed by the red 

 s.ider. causing the tree to tal:e on a rusty, don't-care appearance, 

 '/'his insect is i otilrnllcd by s/irityittg. 



]\'c irill put the /lotiglass S/irncc in litis < /a.s-.v. '/'his is irilhcut 

 iliinht the fastest i/roiriitg cii ri/reen enr inlrodiiei d. said to grotto 

 1.10 feet high. It has niatiii shades of gret n and blue foliage. 

 I'liic iiiitst he lilt. en lliitt ifoii get Ihe liocl:y Monntitiit specie, aiil 

 mil Ihe Paei/ic Coasl one. W'c do not l:iiiiir of a single iiesf atfacl:- 

 .111/ this tree here in the /-Jast. 



.\otr (ome the graitilist trees in eiillifulion, biginnim/ trtth t'le 

 /'iitas Slioiins. ot-.r inilire Mhile /'inc. -Ml /tare adntirid this 

 iiiiigiii/ici nt tree in » forest of lliotisands, or standing uloue li':e 

 a sentinil on guard trilh all its grandeur, strength and beauty, its 

 upright tritiil:. and its siroiii/ (irnt-l.ij:e branches standing out lil.c 

 a rareti's tring. its soft needles and srjft blue color. 



/i is a fast groirer. ca.fy lo Iransjilant and under general eon- 

 dilions sri.il ■'■lurts to grotr. ]\'ill flourish in most any /:itid of 

 so il. 



Since 1!)08-lfK)9 /'( has passed tltrvitgli tiro ufflii tioiis. one the 

 White j'itie tceeril : this can he dctecled by tratching the leader. 

 We find a streui,- of resin, caused by the ivoattd made in tlie baric 

 by the beetle ichen il deposits its egg. trhicit is laiil in the lutti r 

 pint of ./a lie. In duly it ciin be noticed thai Ihe needles at ihe 

 top of the tree begin to icil-t and hang doirn : this is caused trheti 

 the little trhitc grub begins cutting through the wood. It has 

 been found that one shoot will hare hundreds of these small borers 

 ai worl:, and if they are ullo/red to come out and derelop they irill 

 increase rery fast, '/'he safest nay to do is to cut off the •wilted 

 top beloir iihere you find the sireal: of re.iiii. and burn them : then 

 tie up a loirer branch to form a nete leader. 



Finns Ijarico. or .\ttstrian I'ine. a strong groiring. dark, stiff 

 medic. Tills tree transplants trell. and up to the present timo 

 SCI Ills free from pests. Can be /ilaitted close to the salt water: 

 britnehes strong eninigh to stand our high winds: the piost syiii- 

 tnctriial /'iiu in eullirution. droirs from forty to siwty feet. 



Pinu-1 Sylrestris, Scotch Pine, trilh its hardy, ttrisied and hend- 

 iitg yelloir trood of the branches, its many .shades of needles, the 

 irngnlar brain hes. sonic grotr ing up and some down: it is so ugly 

 it inahes il attrucHrc. It is easy to transplant and bears cones 

 young. (Irons from forty to si reiity-fire feel. 



i'iiiits .Muglio. Mounlain J'itie, one of the best and hardiest 

 ilirarf crcrgrei ns. Effectire on banks among roel:s on side-hills. 

 When /ilantcil in large clnm/is a fete eut-leafed .Japan Maples and 

 AJagnolia SIcUata mal:e a good combination. '/'hese treis can 

 be kept at any desired height by earefnlly pruning, not by fukiitg 

 a pair of lio.r shears and ehoppiug off the ends of the branches, 

 hut by reaclting n/i and cutting out shoots that are loo liigli. In 

 this way yoii.r jilatit trill grow dense. 



Till \l milio is aHitikcd by sairfly called a dcfiiliatcr. Tin larva 



