September 23, 1916 



H E T I C U L T U R E 



429 



GREENKEEPING NOTES 



Clovers are undesirable on putting 

 greens, so take care that you do not 

 manure the greens with manure con- 

 taining phosphates in excess. A green 

 apparently without clovers will often 

 produce a large crop of clovers when 

 manured with manures containing 

 phosphates in excess. 



Artificial manures do not act equally 

 upon all soils and usually give better 

 results on heavy soils. In any case, 

 but particularly on light soils, they are 

 not to be relied upon alone. Light 

 soils are usually deficient In Humus 

 and artificial manures add no Humus 

 to the soil. Humus in the soil is a 

 very great necessity for the growth of 

 healthy grass and strong artificial ma- 

 nures are apt to destroy it especially 

 in light soil. Humus should be ob- 

 tained from farm yard manure. Rex 

 Humus, or from a good compost con- 

 taining plenty of either of these two 

 sources. 



Do not use farm fertilizers for grow- 

 ing grass unless you are sur» of what 

 you are doing. While very good for 

 their intended purpose they are apt to 

 be very ill balanced for use on grass. 

 Farm yard manure made in a covered 

 water-tight box or pit is half again as 

 valuable as manure made in the open. 

 If placed in uncovered heaps it loses 

 a large percentage of ammonia by 

 volatilization. If necessary to Iceep 

 it in the open it should be covered 

 with two or three inches of soil. The 

 soil will fix and retain the ammonia. 



Fall is the best time to use ground 

 limestone. 



Very frequently freshly dug land 

 and imjjorted soil will produce a 

 strong crop of weeds, both annual and 

 perennial. How the weed seeds get 

 into the soil, and how long they will 

 retain their germinating power, is a 

 debatable matter into which it is not 

 necessary for us to enter. Darwin 

 tells us that seeds which germinate 

 freely have been found in the little 

 chamber at the end of a worm hole, 

 at a depth of 8 feet. In his opinion 

 these seeds were taken down the 

 holes by the worms, with the object 

 of lining the little chamber in which 

 they winter in a dormant condition, 

 so as to prevent their skins, through 

 which they breathe, from coming into 

 contact with the cold damp soil. 



There are a multitude of different 

 ways in which weed seeds get into 

 the ground, and the only way of mak- 

 ing a good lawn upon foul ground is 

 to allow it to lay fallow, and clean it 

 by frequently disturbing the surface 

 with a hoe for a small plot, and a har- 

 row for a large area. 



The work should be done •during 

 still, dry, bright weather, eitlier in the 

 fall or in the spring. 



To free a lawn from tap-rooted 

 weeds, divide the lawn into strips about 

 3 feet wide, take a basket to hold the 

 weeds and a border fork with four 

 flat prongs. Now. to remove the 

 weed successfully, it is necessary to 

 guess the depth of the root. Well- 



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ST. IXXJIS 



