32 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



the stock, by reason of the Kraetzer-cured process, is so well seasoned 

 as to require but a minimum of dry-kilning to render it suitable for 

 immediate use for flooring, interior finish, furniture and kindred 

 employment. 



The new and adjoining flooring plant just completed by the com- 

 pany is equipped with the very newest type of woodworking machinery 

 and labor-saving devices. It may be noted that the S. A. Woods 

 Machine Company's flooring machines are employed, and the newest 

 type of end-matchers, produced by D. M. Eose of Knoxville, Tenn., 

 used. These end-matching machines are the largest and heaviest ever 



manufactured for this purpose, and insure absolute accuracy in end- 

 matching. It goes without saying that the Woods type of flooring 

 machines are unexcelled by any other produced. 



The company, as well as Mr. Coles, are to be congratulated on this 

 model hardwood lumber and flooring manufacturing plant, which beyond 

 question stands for the highest efficiency in hardwood production that 

 has ever been attained, and beyond that gets lumber production down 

 to an approximation of scientific accuracy in results. 



The pictures with which this article is accompanied are self- 

 explanatory and require no specific reference in the text. 



S ggreaAt^a^A!Ma^«;m;iit:>;iiwi^TOi>M^ 



Manufacture of Musical Instruments 



Tlie Bureau of the Census has issued figures showing the extent of 

 the musical instrument industry in this country in 1909, together with 

 the value of materials used and the number of persons employed. 



There has been a steady increase in the number and value of both 

 upright and grand pianos manufactured since 1899. Of the total 

 number of piano.s reported in 1909, 97.7 per cent were uprights. Of 

 their total value, that of the uprights represented 93.2 per cent. The 

 total production of pianos of both kmds reported in 1909 was 374,154, 

 valued at .$,19,501,225, an increase in number of 203,143, or 118. S 

 per cent, and in value of $32,498,373, or 120.4 per cent, over the totals 

 for 1899. Upright pianos show the greater percentage of increase in 

 number, but grand pianos show the greater percentage of increase in 

 value. New York and Illinois were two of the principal states in the 

 manufacture of upright pianos at each of the three last censuses. In 

 1909 the number reported for these two states combined (244,994) 

 formed 67 per cent of the total for the United States. In the manu- 

 facture of grand pianos. New York and Massachusetts were the two 

 most important states, reporting, in 1909, 0,831, or 78.1 per cent of 

 the total number. 



Of the total number of upright pianos manufactured, 34,495, or 9.4 

 per cent, were for or with player attachments. The value of the 

 instruments for or with player attachments formed 16.7 per cent of 

 the total value of upright pianos. New York reported 18,917, or 

 54.8 per cent, of the upright pianos for or with player attachments. 

 Of the 10,898 player attachments which were not attached to pianos, 

 2,789, or 25.6 per cent, were reported by establishments located in 

 New York, but the value of the attachments made in New York wa.s 

 more than half of the total for the country, which was $1,474,630. 



In 1909, of the total number of reed and of pipe organs reported, 

 1.9 per cent were pipe organs, but of the combined value 51.1 per cent 

 was contributed by pipe organs. In 1899, of the total number, only 

 five-tenths of 1 per cent were pipe organs, while of the total value 

 they constituted 22,6 per cent. In the number of reed organs there 

 was a decrease during the decade 1899-1909 of 39.9 per cent, and in 

 their value a decrease of 35.8 per cent. For pipe organs there was an 

 increase of 117 per cent in number and of 130.5 per cent in value. 

 In the manufacture of reed organs, Illinois was the leading state in 

 1909 as in 1899, reporting 37.5 per cent and 41.3 per cent, respec- 

 tively, of the total value. In the value of pipe organs manufactured, 

 Massachusetts, New Y'ork and Illinois reported about equal amounts 

 in 1909, Illinois showing much the largest gain from 1899 to 1909, 

 while a decrease took place in Massachusetts, 



The manufacture of pianos and organs has had an uninterrupted 

 development since 18G9, when jiroducts to the value of $11,886,444 

 were reported. In 1909 the value of products was more than seven 

 times as great, $89,789,544. The largest increases are shown for the 

 decade from 3899 to 1909, when the number of persons engaged in 

 the industry increased 80.4 per cent and the value of products 118.9 

 per cent. The large piano and organ factories are of comparatively 

 recent development. In 1869 the average establishment gave employ- 

 ment to only twenty-four wage earners and the average value of 

 products was $46,797; in 1909 the average number of wage earners 

 was seventy-five and the value of products $177,100. 



The decrease in the number of proprietors and firm members is no 

 doubt due to the growth in the corporate form of ownership. On the 

 other hand, there was an increase of 134.8 per cent during the decade 

 ending with 1909 in the number of salaried employes. 



The value of the output of factories engaged principally in the 

 manufacture of pianos was $66,569,273; organs, $4,745,655; and piano 

 and organ parts, $18,474,616. The value of the material was $43,764,- 

 737, and the value added by manufacture was $46,024,807. The 

 number of employes was 41,882. and the wages ami salaries paid 

 amounted to $28,313,754. 



Separate figures are given for certain classes of smaller musical 

 instruments or for materials for such. The instruments made include 

 cornets, trombones, tubas, and other brass instruments for band and 

 orchestral use, cymbals, drums, . xvlophones, castanets, dulcimers, 

 harps, lyres, guitars, lutes, banjos, mandolins, zithers, violins, violon- 

 cellos, flutes, flageolets, piccolos, etc., and parts of such instruments. 

 The value of products for this branch of the musical instrument 

 industry does not show the general increase from census to census so 

 noticeable in the two preceding branches. The value of products in 

 1909 was 7.3 iier cent less than in 1904, and 4.9 per cent less than 

 that in 1899. During tlie first half of the decade ending with 1909 

 there was considerable decrease in the number of establishments, 

 accompanied by smaller decreases in the number of persons employed, 

 capital invested, wages paid, and cost of materials, and an increase in 

 the salaries, miscellaneous . expenses, value of products, and value 

 added by manufacture. During the last half of the decade there was 

 a decrease in all of the items except the number of establishments, 

 number of salaried employes, and salaries. 



Phonographs and graphophones are given sejiarate consideration. 

 The establishments assigned to this industry were engaged chiefly in 

 the manufacture of phonograplis or graphopliones for either disk or 

 cylinder records, including those for office dictation; also the manu- 

 facture of records, blanks, horns, needles, or other suiiplies and 

 materials used in the industry. 



Each census since 1899 has shown an inci'case in the manufacture 

 of phonographs and graphophones, but by far the greater develop- 

 ment occurred during the five-year period 1899-1904, when there was 

 an increase of 2,525, or 178.4 per cent, in the number of persons en- 

 gaged in the industry, and of $7,990,801, pr 355.7 per' cent, in the 

 value of products. While there was an inci'case of only seven in the 

 number of establishments during the decade, the number of persons 

 engaged in the industry in 1909 was more than four times and the 

 value of products more than five times as great as the corresfionding 

 figures for 1899. In 1909, sixteen of the eighteen establishments were 

 operated by corporations. New Jersey is by far the leading state in 

 the industry, as measured by value of products, followed by Connec- 

 ticut and New York in the order named. 



Of the total value of products reported for the industry in 1909, 

 $11,725,996, the value of complete instruments formed $5,406,684, or 

 46.1 per cent, and that of records and blanks $5,007,104, or 42,7 per 

 cent. The remainder, $1,312,208, or 11.2 per cent, represented for the 

 most part horns, needles, matrices and other supplies used in the manu- 

 facture or operation of the instruments. 



