THE HARDWOOD RECORD. 



15 



not more tluiu 20 per cent of the wliolo in 

 either quality may be so split. 



11. Splits that do not diverge more thau 

 one inch tor each foot in lenglli are to 

 be considered straight splits. 



12. A straight split not exceeding six 

 inches in length in one end of a piece of 

 lumber eight inches and over wide shall 

 not be considered a defect. 



13. Season checks are not to be consid- 

 ered defects, but if of so serious a char- 

 acter as to damage the lumber, are to be 

 considered by the inspector. 



Wide pieces of lumber that would take 

 two or three standard knots may have one 

 large knot equal to two or three standard 

 knots if there are no other defects. 



15. Sap should be considered bright that 

 will show bright after dressing. 



10. In inspecting stock two inches and 

 thicker the inspector shall take into consid- 

 eration the thickness as well as the width 

 in making the grade. 



17. Bright sap shall not be considered a 

 defect in the common grades of lumber. 



IS. The rules for the inspection of lum- 

 ber are intended to define the poorest piece 

 that will go in a given grade where the de- 

 fects are slightly beyond the specifications 

 making it a line board. Fourteen and IG 

 foot lengths should be given advantage in 

 grade, 10 and 12 foot reduced. 



STANDARD DEFECTS. 



1. One knot not exceeding one and one- 

 quarter inches in diameter. 



2. Two knots not exceeding in extent or 

 damage one 114-inch knot. 



3. One sti'aight split not to exceed one- 

 sixth the length of the piece. 



4. Sap to one-fifth the width of the 

 board in the aggi-egato, unless otherwise 

 stated. 



5. Worm holes or grub holes not to ex- 

 ceed in extent or damage one standard 

 knot. 



6. Rafting pin holes not to exceed in ex- 

 tent or damage one standard knot. 



7. One bark edge or wane not to exceed 

 one inch in the aggregate, running not to 

 exceed one-third the length of the board 

 and only showing on one side. 



STANDARD THICKNESSES. 



The standard thickness of lumber is 

 three-eighths, one-half, five-eights, three- 

 fourths, one, one and one-fourth, one and 

 one-half. two. two and one-half, three and 

 four inches. 



SPECIAL INSPECTION, 



Log run means the full run of the un- 

 picked logs, mill culls out. 



COMMON AND BETTER. 



Common and better means the full run 

 of the unpicked logs with culls and mill 

 ctiUs out. Common and better must con- 

 tain at least 33 1-3 per cent of firsts and 

 seconds. 



MERCHANTABLE. 



Merchantable means the full run of the 

 log with mill culls out and the common 

 and better shall be measm-ed full aud culls 

 one-half. 



STANDARD LENGTHS. 



Standard lengths shall be ten, twelve, 

 fourteen, sixteen, eighteen and twenty feet, 

 not exceeding 15 per cent ten-foot in firsts 

 and seconds. 



Standard lengths in sap and common 

 shall be eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, six- 

 teen, eighteen and twenty feet, not exceed- 

 ing 5 per cent of eight foot and 15 per 

 cent of ten foot. 



POPLAR. 



Firsts shall be eight inches aud up wide, 

 and clear up to ten inches. 



Eleven and twelve inches will admit two 

 inches of bright sap. 



Thirteen and fourteen inches will admit 

 two inches of bright sap and one standard 

 knot, or four inches of bright sap if there 

 are no knots. 



Fifteen and sixteen inches will admit 

 two standard knots, or one standard knot, 

 and three inches of bright sap, or five 

 inches of bright sap if there are no knots. 



As widths increase defects may increase 

 in proportion. 



Seconds shall be seven inches and up 

 wide. 



Seven inches must be clear. 



Eight inches will admit one inch of 

 bright sap, but no other defects. 



Nine, ten and eleven inches will admit 

 one standard knot or two inches of bright 

 sap or equal defects. 



Twelve and thirteen inches will admit 

 two standard knots, or one standard knot 

 and two inches of bright sap, or four 

 inches of bright sap if there are no knots, 

 or equal defects. 



Fourteen and fifteen inches will admit 

 three standard knots, and four inches of 

 bright sap, or" seven inches of bright sap, 

 if thei^ are no knots or equal defects. 



As widths increase defects may increase 

 in proportion. At eighteen inches and up 

 sap is not to be considered a defect in sec- 

 onds, provided there are no knots. In the 

 combined grades of firsts and seconds 50 

 per cent must be firsts and 50 per cent 

 may be seconds. 



SAPS AND SELECTS. 



Saps and selects shall be a combined 

 gi-ade. Saps shall be four inches and up 

 wide and clear of knots up to ten inches. 



Eleven and twelve inches will admit one 

 standard knot. 



Thirteen inches and up will admit two 

 standard knots. 



Straight splits not to exceed one-fourth 

 the length of the piece will be allowed, if 

 there are no knots. 



Selects shall be seven inches and up 

 wide, and grade as good as firsts and sec- 

 onds on face side, the opposite side firm 

 and durable. 



Sun checks not showing on face side 

 when dry and knots beyond that would 

 constitute a common or a piece that has 

 one more defect showing on both sides than 

 a second. 



NO. 1 COMMON. 



No. 1 common shall be five inches and 

 up wide. Five inches will admit one stand- 

 ard knot, or equal defects. 



Six and seven inches will admit two 

 standard knots, or equal defects. 



Eight, nine and ten inches will admit 

 three standard knots, or equal defects. 



As widths increase defects may increase 

 in proportion, provided the board will work 

 two-thirds clear cuttings, no piece to be 

 less than five inches wide, and three feet 

 long. Bright sap admitted in this grade 

 without limit, or one-third stained sap; 

 straight splits not to exceed one-third the 

 length of the piece not to be considered a 

 defect in this grade. 



NO. 2 COMMON. 



No. 2 common shall include all lumber 

 four inches and up wide that will not come 

 up to the grade of No. 1 common, that will 

 cut 50 per cent clear in short pieces. No 

 cutting to be less than t(\'o feet long and 

 four inches wide. Stained sap shall not be 

 considered a defect in this grade. 



CXJLLS. 



Culls shall include all lumber that will 

 not come up to the grade of No. 2 common, 

 and will be a board that can be used for 

 sheathing, crating, boxing, etc. Fine pin 



worm holes admitted in this grade if the 

 lumber is sound. 



MILL CULLS. 



Mill culls shall include all lumber that 

 will not come up to the grade of culls. 



STRIPS. 



Strips shall be four, five and six inches 

 wide and clear on face side, admitting one 

 inch of sap on one edge showing only on 

 face. 



SQUARES. 



Firsts are to be sound and free from 

 heart, shakes and checks. 



Eight, nine, ten and twelve feet will ad- 

 mit two standard knots or two inches of 

 bright sap on two corners. 



Fourteen, sixteen and eighteen foot 

 lengths will admit three standard knots, 

 or three inches of bright sap on two 

 corners. 



Second shall be graded same as firsts as 

 regards knots, but bright sap shall be ad- 

 mitted without limit. If there, are no 

 knots one-third sound discolored sap will 

 be admitted, or slight seasoning checks on 

 one side. These defects are based on GxG 

 squares and bear the same ratio in other 

 sizes. 



COMMON SQUARES. 



Common squares will include all squares 

 not up to the grade of firsts and seconds 

 that will cut two-thirds their length clear 

 in short pieces that can be used for newells 

 and short turnings, or will admit of stained 

 sap without limit, if they have no more 

 defects than would go in a second, or will 

 admit of slight seasoning cheeks running 

 full length on two sides. 



BOX BOARDS. 



Eight to twelve and thirteen to seven- 

 teen inches, twelve, fourteen and sixteen 

 feet long only. Bright sap is no defect or 

 slight discolored sap that will dress up 

 sound, not necessarily bright, but not 

 black. 



One sound knot not to exceed one inch 

 in diameter, showing on one side only, will 

 be admitted in this grade. 



Splits in twelve foot may be fifteen 

 inches long, or a knot that will cut off, 

 leaving the board ten feet six inches long. 

 Fourteen feet is used for mailing one side 

 ten feet six inches, and one end three feet 

 six inches, so a split is a serious defect in 

 this length, but ten per cent of all four- 

 teen foot in a given lot may have one split 

 not to exceed twelve inches in length. 

 Sixteen foot may have one standard knot 

 showing through the piece, provided it will 

 cut two pieces, same as a fourteen-foot 

 board. 



The Standard Mill Work Company, a re- 

 cent organization of Wisconsiu lumber- 

 men, have decided to locate their plant at 

 Norwood, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. A 

 site of twelve acres has been secured, and 

 on this a modern sash, door and blind 

 factory, to cost $.50,000, is to be erected. 



The O. H. Keller chair factory of Mar- 

 ion. Ind.. has changed hands. The pur- 

 chasers are Fred Genstead, Jno. B, Mc- 

 Gufflu and Andrew Jack.son, all of theim 

 having been connected with the old man- 

 agement. 



Tlie Gernert Bros. Lumber Company's 

 yard at Lcyuisville, Ky., was completely 

 destroyed by fire recently. The loss will 

 be in the neighborhood of $80,000, fully 

 insured. 



