THE HARDWOOD RECORD. 



17 



16. Black-stain Is not a defect if planing it 

 once will remove it. 



17. Sap .shall be considered bright that will 

 show bright after planing. 



^ 18. Splits that do not diverge more than one 

 inch for each foot in length are straight splits. 

 _ 19. A straight split not exceeding G inches 

 in length in one end of a piece of lumber. 8 

 inches and over wide, shall not be considered a 

 defect. 



20. Sound heart will reduce to the next lower 

 grade if longer than the width of the piece. 



21. In grades below first and second, boards 

 with one clear face S inches and over wide shall 

 be raised one grade. 



22. The location of defects in a pieeehas much 

 to do with the value of it and should have great 

 weight in deciding the grade. 



23. Wide pieces of lumber that would take two 

 or three standard knots mav have one large 

 knot equal to two or three standard knots if 

 there are no other defects. 



24. The rules for the inspection of lumber are 

 intended to deflne the poorest piece that will go 

 in in given grade. Where the defects are 

 slightly be.vond the speciflcations making it a 

 line board 14 and 16 foot lengths sho\ild be given 

 advantage in grade: 10 and 12 foot reduced 



25. All widths and lengths mentioned in these 

 rules .shall be inclusive. 



STANDARD GRADES. 

 FIRSTS AND SECONDS. 



26. Are combined as one grade. Firsts shall 

 be 6 inches and over wide. 10, 12. 14 and 16 feet 

 long, and free from all defects except in pieces 

 S inches and over wide, which will admit of one 

 standard defect. Seconds are 6 inches and over 

 wide. 8 to 16 feet long; pieces 6 and 7 inches wide 

 will admit of one standard ilefect: pieces 8, 9 

 and 10 inches wide will admit of two standard 

 defects; pieces 11, 12 and 13 inches wide will ad- 

 mit of three standard defects. As widths in- 

 crease defects may increase in proportion. This 

 grade will admit 15 per cent of 10-foot and 5 per 

 cent of S-foot lengths; 8-foot lengths must grade 

 first in quality. 



NO. 1 COMMON. 



27. The lengths are 6 to 16 feet, uot to exceed 

 10 per cent of 6-foot lengths. Th<> widths are 4 

 inches and over. 



Four and 5 inches will admit of one standard 

 knot or equal detects. 



Six to 11 inches wide. S and 10 feet long, must 

 Work two-thirds clear face in not over two pieces 



Twelve inches and over wide, S and 10 feet 

 long, must work two-thirds clear face in not 

 over three pieces. 



Six to 11 inches wide, 12 feet and over long, 

 must work two-thirds clear face in not over 

 three pieces. 



Twelve inches and over wide, 12 feet and 

 over long, must work two-thirds clear face in 

 not over four pieces. 



No piece or cutting to be considered which is 

 less than 4 inches wide and 3 feet long, but as 

 the width increases the length ma.v decrease, 

 but the shortest cutting to be considered must be 

 IS inches long and not less than 8 inches wide. 

 Two-thirds of this grade must be 6 inches and 

 over wide. Pieces 6 feet long must be clear up 

 to 8 inches wide. Over 8 inches will admit on" 

 standard defect. 



NO. 2 COMMON. 



28. The lengths are 4 to 16 feet. The widths 

 are 3 inches and over. Pieces 4 feet long must 

 be clear. Pieces 6 feet long and longer must 

 cut 50 per cent clear faced. 



No piece of cutting to contain less than one 

 foot face measure. 



NO. 3 COMMON. 



29. The lengths are 4 to 16 feet. The widths 

 are 3 inches and over and must contain at 

 least 25 per cent of clear face cutting. No 

 piece to contain less than one-half foot face 

 measure. 



NO. 4 COMMON. 



30. No. 4 common .shall include all lumber not 

 up to the grade of No. 3 common that can be 

 u.sed for cheap fencing, boxing, sheeting, etc. 



There shall be no clear cutting requn-ed in 

 this grade. 

 Worm holes are not to be considered defects, 



SCOOTS. 



31. Includes all lumber which falls below No. 

 4 common. 



LOG RUN. 



32. Means that full run of the log with all 

 grades below No. 2 common out. 



COMMON AND B.ETTER. 



33. Means the full run of the log with all 

 grades below No. 1 common out. This grade 

 must contain it least 25 per cent of firsts and 

 seconds. 



MERCHANTABLE. 



34. Means the full run of the log with all 

 grades below No. 2 common out, and t'lat the 

 common.and better shall be measured full, and 

 No. 2 common one-half. 



SPECIAL INSPECTION. 



35. Lumber sawed for specitic purposes, such 

 as axles, bolsters, tongues, reaches, etc must 

 be inspected with a view to the adaptabiiitv o( 

 the piece for its intended use, because in most 

 cases it cannot be u.sed for other purposes. 



PLAIN SAWED RED AND WHITE OAK. 



36. First and Second— Bright sap up to one- 

 halt of the width of the board in the aggregate 

 is not a defect. 



37. Common— Bright sap is no defect in com- 

 mon grade. 



SlVz- Clear face strips shall be S to 16 feet 

 long, 2'/3, 3, 3H, 4, 4i-2, 5, 51,2 inches wide and 

 must show one face clear of all defects except 

 bright sap, which shall not be considered a 

 defect. 



38. Dimension sawed common oak plank and 

 limbers used for car and building purposes must 

 be free from wind shakes, dry rot, rotten knots 

 ,or defects which impair the strength of {he 

 piece. Sound hearts in this material shall be 

 considered no defect. 



QUARTER-SAWED RED AND WHITE OAK. 



39. First and Second— One inch of bright sap 

 is not a defect in pieces 8 inches and over wide. 



Common— Four-inch pieces allow one standard 

 defect; 5-inch pieces allow two standard defects. 

 Two-thirds in this grade must be 6 inches and 

 wider. Bright sap is no defect. 



40. Clear faced strips are 8 to 16 feet long, 2'/,, 

 3, 3%, 4, 4y2, 5 and bM inches wide, and must 

 show one face clear of all defects except one 

 inch of bright sap. 



41. Common strips are 6 feet and over long, 

 not to exceed 40 per cent shorter .than 12 feet, 

 and must work two-thirds clear in not more 

 than two pieces. No cutting to be less than 1 

 feet long, by the full width of the piece. Bright 

 sap is no defect in this grade. 



42. Note— Stain and streaks in quarter-sawed 

 oak will often reduce it below the grade of tirst 

 and second, and inspectors are cautioned to be 

 careful in estimating such defects. 



.\ll quarter-sawed oak must show figure on one 

 face. 



Teu per cent of scant lumber allowed if not 

 more than l-16th of an inch scant on the heart 

 t'dge, it the sap edge is full thickness. 



ASH. 



43. First and Second- Bright sap is no defect. 

 Five-inch widths admitlred when the length is 

 18 feet and over. 



43%. Clear face strips shall be same as oak, 



QUARTER-SAWED SYCAMORE. 



44. Common— Bright sap is no defect. 



PLAIN SAWED SYCAMORE. 



45. Bright sap is no defect in an.v grade. 

 45V4. First and second shall show one red face, 



RED GUM. 



46. Common— Slightly discolpred sap is no de- 

 fect in this grade. 



HICKORY AND PECAN. 



47. First and Second— Bright sap is no defect. 

 Pieces 4 and 5 inches wide in this grade must 

 be clear. 



BEECH, BASSWOOD, MAPLE, ROCK ELM, 

 SOFT ELM. 



48. Bright sap is no defect in any grade. 



BIRCH. 



49. Bright .sap is no defect in any grade. 

 Red birch shall not be less than 75 per cent red 



on face side. 



Four and 5 inch strips shall have one face all 

 red. 



Grades on birch, also the woods mentioned in 

 next preceding paragraph, made subject to ac- 

 tion of Wisconsin manufacturers. 



■BUTTERNUT. 



50. Standard grading. 



WALNUT. 



51. Standard grading applies. Fort.v per cent 

 S, 9 and 10 foot allowed in tirsts and seconds. 



CHERRY. 



52. Gum spots reduce the piece one grade 

 when their damage exceeds one-sixth of the sur- 

 face of the piece; when their damage exceeds 

 one-third of the surface the piece shall be re- 

 duced two grades. 



CHESTNUT. 



53. First and Second— Standard grading ap- 

 plies up to 12-inch widths. As widths increase 

 defects ma.v increase in proportion, provided 

 the piece will cut 80 per cent clear in two cut- 

 tings, either crosswise or lengthwise, in full 

 lengths or widths of the piece. 



Worm holes that are bunched so that their 

 damage will not exceed in extent the number 

 of standard knots allowed in the piece will be 

 admitted. 



STANDARD CLASSIFICATION AND INSPEC- 

 TION OF COTTONWOOD LUMBER. 

 GENERAL EXPLANATIONS AND IN.STRDC- 

 TIONS. 



It shall be the duty of the inspector in de- 

 termiuiug the quality of the lumber inspecte.l 

 by him to place same in that class or qualitv 

 to which 4t approaches nearest in descriptioii 

 and value, at all times using the description of 

 qualities contained in the followiug rules as the 

 standard of comparison. 



He shall inspect and measure jill lumber stand- 

 ard grades, lengths and thicknesses as herein 

 described, which shall be known as "Standard 

 Inspection,'" unless the lumber be cut for spe- 

 cific purposes, in which case he shall be gov- 

 erned by the conditions of the trade as made 

 known to him. 



lie must inspect all lumber on the poorer side 



All tapering boards shall be measured at the 

 narrow end and in lengths of even feet 



Lumber shall be sawed of full and even thick- 

 ness and of parallel width. 



Scant-sawed lumber shall be reduced to the 

 next standard thickness. 



Uneven sawed lumber shall be placed in the 

 grade of No. 2 or box common. 



The standard lengths are 4 to 16 feet. 



The standard thicknesses are % iueh V,-inch 

 %-inch, Si-inch. 1-inch, 114-inch, IV-inch, 2-inch' 

 2V2->nch, 3 and 4-inch, when dry. 



All lumber less than 1 inch in thickness shall 

 be measured face measure. 



Bright sap in cottonwood is not to be consid- 

 ered a defect and sap shall be considered bright 

 which will show bright when planed once. 



STANDARD DEFECTS. 



One knot of li/4 inches in diameter. Two knots 

 not exceeding in extent one standard knot. 



Worm holes, grub holes or rafting pin holes 

 not exceeding in extent or damage one stand- 

 ard knot. 



Splits are not to exceed 12 inches in length 

 'in firsts, or one-sixth the length of the piece in 

 'seconds; in the aggregate not more than 20 per 

 cent of the whole in either quality mav be so 

 split. 



One bark edge or wane not to exceed one inch 

 in the aggregate running not to exceed one-third 

 the length of the board and showing on only 

 one side anil to be measured. 



EXPLANATIONS. 



Ordinary .season checks are not to be con- 

 sidered defects. 



Splits tha't do not diverge more than one inch 

 for each foot in length are straight splits. 



The location , of defects in a piece has much 

 to do with its value and should have great 

 weight in deciding the grade. 



Wide pieces of lumber that would take two 

 or three standard defects may have one large 

 defect equal to two or three "standard defects 

 if there jire no other defects. 



All widths and lengths mentioned in these 

 rules shall be inclusive. 



.STANDARD GRADES. 



All standard grades of cottonwood shall be 

 el.tssified ^or the purpo.se of inspection, as fol- 

 lows; 



Box boards, firsts and seconds. No. 1 common. 

 No. 2 or box common and No. 3 common. 



BOX BOARDS. 



Shall consist of boards 13 inches to 17 inches 

 wide. 12. 14 and 16 feet in length. End splits 

 amounting to 6 inches in length and three sound 

 knots not exceeding three-quarters of an inch 

 in diameter and showing on one side only shall 

 be admitted. 



Slightl.v discolored sap which will dress up 

 sound, not neces.sarily bright but not black, shall 

 be admitted. • 



FIRSTS AND SECONDS. 



Shall be 6 inches and over in width, 10, 12, 14 

 and 16 feet in length. Not exceeding 10 per cent 

 of the entire amount iiia.y be 10-fOi>t. Pieces 6 

 to 8 inches wide shall be clear; pieces 9 to 10 

 inches wide shall admit one standard defect or 

 its equivalent; pieces 11 to 12 inches wide shall 

 admit two standard defects or their equivalent; 

 for each additional 2 inches in width over 12 

 inches an additional standard defect or its equiv- 

 alent shall be admitted. In this grade straight 

 splits shall be admitted which tlo not exceed 

 in length the width of the piece in indies. 

 Slightl.v discolored sap which will dress up 

 sound, not necessarily bright but not Idack. 

 shall be admitted. 



NO. 1 COMMON. 



Shall be 4 inches and over in width, 8 feet and 

 over in length. Not to exceed 15 per cent of the 

 entire amount ma.v be shorter than 12-foot. 

 Pieces 4 and 5 inches v^ide shall be clear one 

 face and have t.wo square edges. Pieces 6 to S 

 inches wide shall admit two standard defects pr 

 their equivalent. Pieces over S inches wide 

 shall arluiit two standard defects or their equiv- 

 alent in addition to those allowed in firsts and 

 seconds. This grade must work three-fourths 

 idear one face: no cutting to be considered 

 which is less than 4 inches wide and 3 feet long. 



