ECOLOGY— INTERPRETATION OF ENVIRONMENT 351 



northern United States and Canada, east of the Great Plains. 

 Southward, it extends as far as Arkansas and Indiana. The 

 color of the male is usually light brown; the lateral lobes of 

 the pronotum, or thorax, in this sex generally being black. 

 In the plate photographic illustration I have portrayed, at 

 the top, two views of the female. At the middle, I figure the 

 male in two positions. Below them, in the middle of the plate, 

 is shown a nymph, in which, of course, the wings are not yet 

 developed. In the adult male, the wing covers, or tegmina, 

 often reach nearly to the tip of the abdomen; the same struc- 

 tures in the female only reaching to about the middle, but I 

 have found individuals occasionally possessing fully developed 

 wings. In one male I found that the black on the side was 

 replaced with brown. The males are sprightly little insects 

 in the hot sunlight, and may often be found joining in the 

 stridulating concerts so much enjoyed by acridians in the late 

 summer. 



The Varied-wing Locust 



Of the many species of locusts, maturing the last of July, 

 the varied-wing Arphia is one of the most active species on the 

 wing. One of its characteristic habits is to take long flights 

 over the sandy wastes. When flying, on a sunny day, the 

 beautiful orange-winged variety of this insect might easily 

 be mistaken for a butterfly, from its habit of frequently flut- 

 tering or hovering in the air. The color of the wings in this 

 species varies exceedingly, the yellow forms usually predomina- 

 ting, of which about one-third or less are of different shades of 

 orange. The males of the salmon-colored forms make loud 

 crackling sounds, which they often change into a succession 

 of distinct snapping notes just before alighting. I have figured 

 both male and female in the accompanying illustration. 



I have seen the salmon-colored forms chased by the com- 

 mon butterfly, Anosia plexippits, while on the wing, in an 

 evident attempt at play. It is possible that the bright color 

 of this locust's wings was the temporary special attraction to 

 the butterfly. On a windy day the varied- wing Arphia may 

 sometimes be seen, about September first, to take flight from 

 the ground and, facing about in the direction of the wind, 



