Over tbrec-Qftlis of tbo basswood produced In 

 liioi; was furnished by Wisconsin and Micbigau, 

 and the Wisconsin cut was more ttiuu double 

 ihat oC Michigan. The average price sliown is 

 *IS.OG. The cut of basswood has been fairly 

 'ifady during the past seven j'ears. 



Two fifths of the birch lumber produced is 

 iiirnished by Wisconsin nud over one-fourth by 

 Micliigan and New Yorl; together. Tlie average 

 value shown Is SIT. 24 per thousand. The cut 

 of ItlOU was more than two and a half times 

 that of 1S'.)9. 



I'ecch is a wood that has come into promi- 

 ii.nce so recently that it was not separately re- 

 IxirttHl in the census of 1S99 or 1004. Nearly 

 three-fnurths of the total quantity is supplied 

 ■\ .Michigan. Pennsylvania, New York and Indl- 

 na. 



The production of Cottonwood lumber in 190G 

 was reported frum twenty-eight states, but more 

 than tbree-fourtlis <i( it was cut in .\rkan.sas. 

 Mississippi and Louisiana and more than one- 

 third in Arliansas alone. Only relatively small 



lantities are produced in the twenty-five other 



ates reporting. The average price is shown 

 ■ $17.15 per titousand. The cut of cottonwood 

 - decreasing rapidly. 



Three-fifths of the elm produced is furnished 

 hy Wisconsin. Indiana, Michigan and Ohio. The 

 production of 1!)(H1 was less than half that of 

 l>ri9. It is probable that the quantity of elm 

 ii^i'd in the manufacture of slacls cooperage stock 

 ■•usiderabiy exceeds that used for lumber. 



.Vsh is cut in small quantities in many states. 

 •■■' one of which is far in the lead. Michigan 



itiks first and Ohio, Arkansas, Indiana anti 

 Wisconsin follow with slightly less percentages. 

 The output in lOOG was 29 per cent less than 

 ra 1S99. The values ranged from $20.37 per 

 thousand in Micliigan to $29. ."lO in Ohio. 



The cutting of hickory lumber was reported 

 to some extent from thirty-two states in 190(5. 

 The average value shown is $.30.42 per thou- 

 sand. Arkansas wa~ the loading state in hick- 

 • ly production, with 15.S per cent of the total, 

 iollowe<I by Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio. Tlie 



• lit of hickory lumber reported in 1906 was more 

 than half greater than that reported in 1.S99. 

 but it does not necessarily follow that there has 

 been an actual increase in hickory production tn 

 lids extent, as much hickory is cut from small 

 mills from which it seems impossible to get re- 

 ports. 



More than one-fourth of the walnut lumber 

 'lit In UlOi; was sawn in Indiana: Missouri 



• ame second, followed by Kentucky, Ohio, Illi- 

 nois and Arkansas. The average price shown 

 is $42.2,') per thousand. The cut of walnut has 

 increased by moderate degrees since 1.S99. Wal- 

 nut is the highest priced wood cut for lumber 

 to any consideraliie extent in the Inited States. 



Tiijieio is another minor wood which lias re- 



• ently come into prominence. The average price 

 shown in 1900 is $14.13. Tupelo is closely as- 

 .sociaied with cypress production and one-fourth 

 the supply comes from I^uisiana, with most of 

 the remainder furnished by North Carolina, Ala- 

 I'ama. Virginia and Mississippi. 



The Forest and the Leather Industry, 



.\ review of a recent circiilar Issued by llii- 

 Forest Service siiows that no other nation pro- 

 duces half as much tanned, curried and finished 

 leather as the United States, which yields over 

 one-fourth of the worlds supply. Six hundred 

 and seventeen tanneries contribute to this out- 

 put. The raw material Includes 108,000,000 

 hides and skins, including a large nunilier from 

 .\rgentina. To (an this immense quantity of 

 leather, valued at over $2,''.0,000,000, last year 

 required over 1.2.")0,000 cords of tanbark, worth 

 nearly $13,000,000, and more than C.'.O.OOO bar- 

 rels of tanning extract, worth $.S,700,000. 



Over two-thirds of the tanbark consumed comes 

 from hemlock, and over one-fourth from oak ; 

 chestnut and other woods contribute the remain- 

 der. More extract is secured from c-hestnut. 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



however, than from all other domestic woods 

 combined. A small quantity of extract of a 

 little over a thousand barrels comes from the 

 roots of palmetto. 



Although the tanning industry Is widely dis- 

 tributed over the United States, the greater part 

 of it is carried on in the states of Pennsylvania, 

 New York, Michigan and Wisconsin, which u.sc 

 more than two-thirds of the tanning materials 

 consumed. Pennsylvania alone consumes over 

 900,000,000 pounds of bark and extract worth 

 $8,000,000, or thirty seven per cent of tlie total 

 value. 



Since 1900 the quantity of tanbark used lias 

 fallen otT fifteen per cent, although its vahii' lias 

 increased. During this period llie consumplitm 

 of extract increased from 07,000 to 000,000 liar- 

 rels a year, of which nearly 90.000 barrels were 

 imported. ISelatively small ipiantitles of hem- 

 lock bark were imported from t'anada, and of 

 mangrove bark from the West Indies and Africa. 

 In weight, four times as much quebracho was 

 imported in bark as in extract form, but the 

 value of the two forms was about the same. 



Bark brought the lowest price in New Hamp- 

 shire, and the highest in Oregon, with an average 

 of $9.30 per cord. More than in bark the price 

 of extract varied widely according to the ma- 

 terial from which it was manufactured. The 

 extract of quebraclio, a tree of Mexico, Central 

 America, South America and tlie West Indies, 

 from which seven-eighths of all imported tan- 

 ning materials are secured, had an average price 

 of $18 per barrel; and hemlock brought S12.G0 

 per barrel : oak, $9.90 per barrel, and chestnut, 

 $9.12 per barrel. 



Wood Distillation Statistics. 



The statistics of hardwood distillation which 

 the government has compiled for the year 1900 

 were based upon reports from eighty-six plants, 

 while those for 190.5 were from sixty-seven 

 plants. The number of plants has not increased 

 but the statistics cover the field more com- 

 pletely. 



The average cost of wood is liighest in I'enu- 

 sylvania and lowest in Michigan. While ootb 



34M 



these states are well supplied with raw material 

 for Ibis purpose, the former offers a readier mar- 

 ket for wood and consequently it brings a higher 

 price. In the destructive dislillatiou of bard- 

 wiwds Michigan, Pennsjivania and New York 

 are the important slates, as will be showed by 

 aceoinpanyiug tables. In quantity of wi>od used 

 and in charcoal produced, Michigan leads: while 

 in the production of crude wood alcohol ami 

 gray acetate of lime, Pennsylvania Is first. 



Michigan uses more wood, bnt obtains from ii 

 n very low average yield of both acetate of 

 lime and alcohol, but a fairly large amount of 

 charcoal. Wood alcohol and acetate are by- 

 products that can be .saved In their entirety 

 only iiy the use of the most improved processes 

 of distillation — air-tight retorts and carijoniza- 

 tion of the wood by indirect aiiplicatlon of heat. 

 Charcoal, on the contrary, can be obtained in 

 large qu.-intily by almost any process of car- 

 bonization. At present most of the Michigan 

 wood is carbonized in kilns in which it Is placed 

 and fired directly. I'nder these conditions four 

 to six gallons of wood alcohol per cord and but 

 a small proportion of acetate can be saved. The 

 production of charcoal per cord Is maintained at 

 nearly its maximum. In Pennsylvania jipposite 

 conditions obtain, retort and oven plants being 

 employed almost exchisively, so that the pro- 

 duction of wood alcohol shows an average of 

 eight gallons per cord and acetate 100 pounds. 

 Charcoal is practically the same as in Michigan 



Of all x>roducts charcoal has the greatest total 

 value, next comes wood alcohol, gray and brown 

 acetate of lime, tar and oil. In New Y'ork cliar- 

 coal brought the highest average price and in 

 Missouri tiie lowest, though in no case did it 

 exceed 7 cents a bushel. The tables indlcati- 

 that Michigan and Pefinsylvania have an average 

 production of cliarcoal per cord of wood of about 

 forty bushels : New Y'ork, thirty-four busbels. 



The statistics lierewitb given show quantity 

 and value of hardwood used for destructive dis- 

 tillation in 1900. The unit of measure is the 

 cord of 12s cubic feet of roiigli wood. Beech, 

 maple and birch combined furnish practically 

 all the raw material used, although some oak 

 and (itlier hardwoods enter into ilie total. 



WOOD LSi:U IN IIAUDWOOD DISTILLATION IN 1900, BY STATF.S. 



Number k..-^ ,,5^^ 

 of plants.**"^ "*^ 



Michigan 



New York 



Pennsylvania 

 All others* .. 



Total . . . 



1-2 I 

 ■20 I 

 501 



4 : 



i'ordf. 

 541.119 

 91,3»0 

 390,752 

 Vll. &45 



Value. 



Value 

 con 



eper 

 ■a. 



DoUart. I fiiZ/nrt. 

 1. (526. 750 • 3.01 



301.396 I 3.30 



1.395,637 3.57 



392,740 I 3.23 



mi 



1,144.8% ' 3.7ll>,423 



3.25 



PKODUCTS OF HAKDWOOD DISTILLATION IN 1900. BVS TAJTI-^S^ 



Quantity.! Value. 



Michigan — 



New York 



Fennsvlvania 

 All others''.. 



Total... 



rharconl. 



HiiSlirU."] rxUi'ars. 



21. 1'AH, 1701. :'.(». cv'>.>* 

 3.075,1173 ■>V2jm 



Crude alchohol. \ Gray acetate. ' Brown acetate. Tar and oils. 



Quan- 

 tity. 



Value. iQuanlity.l Value | '^J*"- jVaIue.p\™y 



Value. 



OattoHf ' IHMart. I Pniindi. ' Doltari. , Pounds. I nolLi. I (IntU DoU*. 

 2 S.'rtl 739' y>)8 939!l.S,0l'.-I..W«| ;<00,91(it3, 172.670 31. 'JJ.M.tO.OOOI 1'..000 



'fi7i 03gI :t(rj,7s,;i3,si:o.s'j'2j ■2i'.9.ii.sf.l;i,-.'tn.'aiit 4(>. i8x 





.'i, 577, 0V2I :(7li. 77 



45, 657, 721 2, 965. 910 7. 871 , 494 h!, G7G, 191 



iN-jii!:*.'!;! Ol6:.'AS3.467; idl. 19':>:?2l|6i:s.V..:097ll,3<'4i,.S00' .V2:i,9S2 »,341|1UO,MO| 4,«71 



57ci..V.2 1M.>1S .S,.VJ2,0UO| 



S0,W9|. 





96,376,197 2,017,331 



fl,9tiO,93S| 1)5, 7771250, 6101 19,877 



t250,6IO| 1 



n Bushel equivalent to 20 jMrnnds. 



''Missonn, Maine, mid Wisconsin 



QUA.NTITY AND VALUE U F PKODUCTS OF IIAUDW ooll DISTILLATION IN J90I1 

 Product. 



Charcoal I'^ln,]!' 



Alcohol, crude Kallonn.. 



Acetate, gray pounds.. 



AcelJite. brown ,." 



Turamioil gallons.. 



Tnl,.l 



Quantity. 



Total I Average 

 value. value. 



45, 657. 721 

 7.871.491 



96, 376. 497 



6,960.933 



250. SIO 



S2. 965. 940 I 

 "2. 676. 191 I 

 ■.■017.331 

 H5.777 

 19.H77 



!0.0G 



.54 

 O.' 

 01 

 OS 



S. 020,971 



' l-;stinialed 



