24 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



August 10. I'.t2t 



ti'Ki's, UHUillly railpil "BTiiy I'lm," is prefcrroii to that from younger or 

 vijjomuRly urowini? Itm-k (Mil while ilm Is not so strong or tough as iisli, 

 on the nvcraur, liiit il viiiiiw li'ss in strength than ash, pspoclally that 

 which ninii'H Irmii llic soulhcrn swamps. 



IMrih, YpIIiik hinih is a close rival of maple. It is usoil for sills, frame 

 work, and many minor parts, II is salil to hold the pain! hefter than 

 maple <m exposed parts. 



Hiekory. The true hickorii's an- used almost exclusivel.v lor spoki-s am! 

 felloes. The pei^an hickories, which are somewhat inferior as a class to 

 the true hickories, might he iiseil in hody construction, although their 

 li;irdness and tendency to twist would perhaps prove a serious drawback, 



Ited Cum. Red Kum Is too weak and soft for the sills and other major 

 parts of the frame, hut is used for floor boards, seat risers, and other 

 minor parts. One of the principal drawbacks to the use of gum is it> 

 tendency to warp with chaiiKes in moisture content. Quarter-sawed gum 

 gives less trouble in warping than plain-sawed gum. 



Oak. In automobile construction no illstinction is nnule, as a rule. 

 between the ililTcreut species of oak or even between the red oak and white 

 oak groups. In truck t)odies, oak is one of the leading woods, being used 

 for sills, cross sills, frames, floors, and stakes. In ph'asnre cars oak Is 

 rarely used for the frame or sills. Wormy oak is used for running boards. 

 Iloor boards, and seats, and somi- sound oak for instrument lioards and 

 battery boxes. Top hows ar-e made almost exclusively of oak, second 

 growth being preferred. 



^^outhern Yellow I*lne. Ilmler this lioading are included longleaf, lob 

 lolly, shortleaf, and some of ttie minor soutiiern pines. These have been 

 fo\ind adaplntde for running boards, floor boards, seat boards, and n num- 

 her of small parts in the seals and frames. 



Other .Species. Cotton wood is used fiu* dashboards of pit-asure cars 

 :ind tile boxes or bodies of trucks. Sycamore, beech, l)asswood, yellow 

 poj)l;ir, cucundier, tupelo, gum, chestnut, Douglas fir and western yeno\\ 

 pine h;ive also entered into car body construction to a small extent. 



The comparative merits of the different species in the four properties 

 more important in automobile construction are given in the following table, 

 the strength of forest-grown white ash being taken as 100. Actual strength 

 values of these species are to be found in Department of Agriculture Bulle- 

 tin 556, "Mechanical Properties of Woods Grown in the United States": 



STKENfiTll OF WOODS tISIOD Ii\ ATTO.MOr.U.E f'O.NSTKUCTION IN 

 ri)U OIONT OF TIIK STKKNOTH OF FOKKST OROW.N WHITK ASH 



.Strength Sho<-k 



sriOt'IKS .ts a beam resisting Ilard- 



llardwoods or posi Stift'ness aliilit.^ ness 



Ash. white, forest grown lOll.O 100,0 loil.li 100,0 



Ash, black 71.H ~'.>.:i 'MiA (i2,S 



-Vsh, white, second growth 122, .'. 117,0 119.0 llS.ii 



Basswood oi).! so.C. 40, ."i 29.0 



Beech :i3.r. do.o iio.o 90.o 



Birch, yellow 104. .s 116.,s 120.C, so.li 



Chestnut 06.0 71.H 53.4 4H.2 



Cottonwood 60.0 79.0 .-.4,H .So.rf 



Cucumber . S5.4 112.4 76.7 .54,0 



Kim, rock or cork 98. S 92.9 140,5 101, i; 



Mlm, white 79.2 79.5 89.5 57.1 



Gum, red 80.7 91.5 75.5 .59.0 



Gum, tupelo or cotton ' 81.4 82,5 ri3,5 77.3 



Hickories, pecan 103.5 \nS.S 119.7 139.0 



Hickories, true 126,6 120,2 173,9 150.4 



Maple, red 90.0 101,2 7S.7 75.4 



Maple, silver 66,ii OS, 5 71.7 64,3 



Maple, sugar 104.7 105.9 90,5 103, o 



Oaks, all kinds 92.6 101.3 94,9 104,5 



Poplar, yellow 67.3 93.S 41.5 37.9 



Conifers 



Fir, Douglas, Pacific coast 95.7 122.1 .59.9 58,3 



Pine, loblolly 93.7 105,6 71,0 i!0,o 



Pine, longleat 112.2 122.1 77.7 74.8 



Pine, shortleaf • 94.1 100.6 69,7 64,0 



Pini'. western white 75,5 99.7 53.8 37,0 



Pine, westirn yellow Ii7.0 75.1! 42.9 41.0 



Spruce, Sitka 69,5 94.1 63.3 44.9 



Ford Sawmill Begins Its Career 



The new sawmill erected at Iron Mountain. Mich., by ti»e Michigan 

 Iron, Land and Lumber Company, which was established by Henry Ford 

 of Detroit as tlie cenlrall/ation of the woodworking production for his 

 vast automobile and tractor industries, was formally pUiced in operation 

 on Tuesday, .Inly 12, in the presence of officials of the Ford enterprises, 

 representatives of the Allis-Chaluiers Manufacturing Company of Mllwau 

 kee, which furnished the eipilpmeni of the plant, and other prominent 

 engineers and citizens, A birdseye ULaple log was run Into the saws with 

 due ceremony to mark the formal beginning of this notable operation. 



The new mill is regarded as a model of etlicleucy and engineering skill. 

 and because of the modern methods of manufacturing possible witli this 

 design of plant equipment, waste has been eliminated to an imusual de 

 gree, so that it is expected that much more lumber will be' realized per 

 thousand feet of log measure than is usual in onllnnry sawmills. 



Buy Plant to Make Plugs 



The Arkansas Hickory Company, Marvell, .\rk., has purchased .i tract 

 of five acres of land from the Pioneer I'ole & Shaft Company of Memphis. 

 Tenn., east of Railroad avenue, together with a sawmill and manufac- 

 turing plant thereon, and will engage In the making of tie plugs on a large 

 scale for use of Hie railro.Hils 



Cross Tie Exports Increase 



Of nil the variovis kinds of hnnher products being exported from the 

 South at the present time, crossties are the only kind whicli are actually 

 conlinnlng to grow in quantity, C. K. Dobson, managing director of the 

 .Southern Lumber lOxporters' .Association, comprising some of the leading 

 hardwood men of Dixie, stated in his report at the association's semi- 

 annual convention at the San Carlos Hotel, in I'ensacola, Fla., Thursday, 

 ■Tuly 14. 



New Orleans was selected as the site for the next annual meeting and 

 the date was set for the early part of January, 



A Service to Producers and Users of Wood Waste 



The Wood Waste Exchange of the U. S. Forest Service has been trans- 

 ferred from Washington to the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, 

 Wis,, where its future activities will be centered. The Exchange has 

 in the past contributed much towards more complete utilization of wood. 

 liy suppl.ving a medium through which the mills and wood-using factories 

 could locate markets for their side lumber and sliort lengths, and wood- 

 consuming factories' .sources of material of this character which would 

 meet their requirements. 



Centering the activities of the Exchange at the Forest Products Lal)0- 

 rafory will permit an expansion of tills service. In timt it will be possible 

 to include suggesthms as to markets and new uses for by-products and 

 low grade material, based on the latest results of technical research carried 

 on by the lalioratory. As both the Forest Products Laboratory and the 

 .\RSOclation of Wood Using Industries have pointed out, there is a large 

 wastage of wood annually because of ignorance on the part of manu- 

 facturers of one another's wood requirements. 



Quarterly reports on "Opportunities to Sell Waste." similar to those 

 issued in the past, will be sent to all concerns who wish to be listed as 

 having wood by-products and waste in any form for sale. These reports 

 will contain the names and addresses of manufacturers of various wooden 

 products who could uniler suitable conditions use raw material from 

 t:hese sources, together with information as to kinds, sizes, form, and 

 condition of the stock desired. Suggestions as to the proper methods of 

 caring for the material until it is ready for market will also be included. 



.V similar report on "Opportunities to Buy Wood Waste" will be sent 

 to wood-using factories and other consumers who ask to be listed for this 

 service. This report will contain information relating to manufacturers 

 who have such material and its character, quality, and amount available. 



None other than actual producers or consumers of wood stock of this 

 character can become patrons of this exchange. AH communications should 

 be addressed to the Director. Forest Products Laboratory, ^^adison. Wis. 



Alarmed at High Freight Rates 



The New Y^>rk State College of Forestry is caHing attention to lumber 

 freight rates and declares that if prompt measures are not taken the 

 reductions along other lines will be seriousl.v counterbalanced by the cost 

 of wood products — increased rentals, scarcity of homes, high prices for 

 furniture, etc. Two-fifths of the state's area lies idle, unfit for agricnlturr 

 and suitable only for forests. 



A Market for Hardwood Sawdust 



-\ business man recently remarked having seen "a mountain of sawdust." 

 as be termed it, rotting in tlie yard of a lumber mill. When he made the 

 remark, two men connected with a large packing house were present, and 

 they enlightened the man of the fact that the pork packers are now in the 

 market for all the sawdust they can obtain. 



luquir.v brought out the fact that sawdust of the hardwoods is now 

 u.sed to smoke hams, sausages, etc. Gas is used to light the sawdust, 

 and it tiurns like timber, making a very effectual means of smoking meats. 

 They further mentioned that pine was used for hams, and cedar for 

 smoking s;iusagec, 



S. p. Waives Reconsigning Charges 

 The Soutiiern Hardwood Traffic Association announces that the Southern 

 Pacific lines have amended their rules so that no reconsigning charges 

 win he assessed on export commodities moving to New Orleans on local 

 tillls of lading so long as the shipments are finally exported. It also 

 announces that it has received a supplement to the Texas & Pacific tariff 

 correcting its rules in the same manner, effective July 7. and that it is 

 advised that the Missouri Pacific anil Illinois Central have their tariffs 

 in tile hands of the printer for similar changes. It also states that Indi- 

 cations are that all of the other lines, with the possible exception of the 

 Louisville & Nashville, will correct their tariffs accordingly. 



Under the new rules it will only be necessary to bill shipments to New 

 tlrleans for export, and, when so billed, no reconsigning charges will be 

 assessed where shipments are finally exported. 



Under tile rules which are now being amended, a charge of $7 per car 

 is assessed when cars are not finally moved by way of the steamship linn 

 or steamer shown in inland bills of lading, or this information furnished 

 prior to arrival of cars. The new rules mean that this charge of $7 has 

 virtually been waived by lines handling export shipments on local bills of 

 ladifig into the port of New Orleans. 



