viii PREFACE 



To my sisters Harriet and Florence, and my cousin M. 

 Eliza Audubon, I am especially indebted. The first and 

 last have lent me of their choicest treasures ; letters, jour- 

 nals, and other manuscripts they have placed uncondition- 

 ally in my hands, besides supplying many details from 

 other sources ; and my sister Florence has been my almost 

 hourly assistant in more ways than I can specify. 



The arrangement of the papers and journals was sug- 

 gested by the late Dr. G. Brown Goode ; and many names 

 come to mind of friends who have helped me in other 

 ways. Among them are those of Mr. W. H. Wetherill, 

 Messrs. Richard R. and William Rathbone, my aunt, Mrs. 

 James Hall, Dr. Arthur T. Lincoln, Mr. Morris F. Tyler, 

 Mr. Joseph Coolidge, Rev. A. Gordon Bakewell, and Mr. 

 George Bird Grinnell. 



I wish also to say that without the loving generosity of 

 my friend the late Miss M. Louise Comstock, I should 

 never have had the time at my command which I have 

 needed for this work ; and last, but by no means least, I 

 thank my mother for her many memories, and for her wise 

 criticisms. 



There came into my hands about twelve years ago some 

 of these journals, — those of the Missouri and Labrador 

 journeys; and since then others have been added, all of 

 which had been virtually lost for years. The story of how I 

 heard of some, and traced others, is too long to tell here, 

 so I will only say that these journals have formed my 

 chief sources of information. So far as has been possible 

 I have verified and supplemented them by every means. 

 Researches have been made in San Domingo, New Orleans, 

 and France ; letters and journals have been consulted which 



