March 10, 1919 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



lie 



New Rules 



American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association 



The fifUowing terms, regulations and inspection 

 rules were adopted by the American Hardwood 

 Manufacturers' Association on February 1, 1919. 

 and are known as the "Inspection Rules and Sales 

 Code of the American Hardwood Manufacturers' 

 Association." 



The Sales Code contemplates that quotations, 

 orders and contracts covering the sale of forest 

 products in which the members of this Association 

 deal, contain the clause: "Subject to the Inspec 

 tion Rules and Sales Code of the American Harrl- 

 wood Manufacturers' Association," and that all 

 transactions shall be governed and controlled 

 (with snch exceptions as are specifically made in 

 writing) by said Inspection Rules and Sales Code. 

 TliP rules 'follow in full: 



SALES CODE 



QUOTATIONS 



1. All quotations are made subject to prior saie, 

 immediate acceptance, and change without notice. 

 ORDERS, CONTRACTS. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



1. All orders or contracts shoukl be submitted 

 to the Home Office of the Seller, in writing, hut 

 whether in writing or otherwise they .shall not 

 be considered binding until accepted by the Seller 

 in writing from his Home Office. Such accep- 

 tance or acknowledgment of orders shall state 

 fully and in detail the Seller's understanding of 

 the tran.saction. and omissions, errors or misun- 

 derstandings should be corrected by Purchaser by 

 return mail. 



DELIVERED PRICE, FREIGHT RATES, 



SWITCHING CHARGES. GOVERNMENT 



TAX OR DUTY, DAMAGE, ETC. 



1. The deli\ ered price (F. O. B. destination) 

 includes only the usual freight charges to point of 

 delivery mentioned, ba.sed upon published freight 

 rates in effect at time of quotation; switching or 

 other- terminal charges at destination, any ad- 

 vance in freight rates, and any tax or duty as- 

 sessed by the Government on freight, or the goods 

 to be borne by the buyer. 



2. The Seller does not guarantee safe delivery, 

 nor insure against breakage, loss or damage to 

 material while in transit. 



INVOICES 



1. Promptly upon acceptance of shipment by 

 initial line of Railroad, the Seller shall mail to 

 the Purch?.ser an invoice giving full information 

 in connection with shipment, and in all instances 

 bearing date coincident with date of Bill of Lad- 

 ing. Omissions, clerical errors, etc., subject to 

 (iinection. 



TERMS OF PAYMENT 

 1 Prompt payment for each shipment is a 

 substantial requirement of each transaction. 

 Freight due upon arrival of shipment at destina- 

 tion to be paid by the Purch?.ser ; original Ex- 

 pense Bill {or certified copy thereof) to be sent 

 promptly to the Seller. 



2. A discount of two (2%) per cent will be al- 

 lowed upon cash payment of ninety (90%) per 

 cent of invoice, less estimated freight, on receipt 

 of invoice; balance to be remitted upon receipt 

 and inspection of lumber. 



3. Or 2, di.'icount of one (1%) per cent will be 

 allowed for settlement by trade acceptance, due 

 thirty (30) days from, d?.te of invoice' for ninety 

 (90'/r) per cent of invoice, less estimated freight: 

 balance to be remitted upon receipt and inspec- 

 tion of lumber. 



4. Or settlement by Trade Acceptance, due 

 ninety (90) days from date of invoice for ninety 

 (90%) per cent of invoice, less estimated freight; 

 balance to be remitted net upon receipt and in- 

 spection of lumber. 



5. No discount allowed on freight, whether or 

 not prepaid. 



6. All cash payments to be made in funds at 

 par in Federal Reserve Bank Region in which 

 Seller is located. 



GENERAL CONTINGENCY CLAUSE 

 1. Quotations are based upon and orders and 

 contracts accepted under a "General Contingency 

 Clause" which recognizes that in case of strikes, 

 floods, fire, epideniics. inability to secure cars, 

 delays of carriers, or any other causes whatso- 

 ever beyond the control of the Seller, shipments 

 and deliverie.T may be delayed until i;uLh causes 

 and their effects have been reino\'.'d. 



REINSPECTION OR REMEASUREMENT 



1. In the event of complaint by the Purchaser 

 on the quality or inspection of material shipped, 

 purchaser shall pay freight, unload shipment and 

 hold rejected or di.sputed material intact, prop- 

 erly protected, and shall file complaint with Seller 

 within five (5) days from receipt of shipment. If 

 complaint is on measurement, or both inspection 

 and measurement, the entire contents of car must 

 be held intact. Payment of freight or invoice 

 shall not be considered as an acceptance of the 

 shipment nor shall such payment work a for- 

 feiture of the right to enter complaint and have 

 adjustment of same. 



2. Upon receipt of complaint from the Pur- 

 chaser, the Seller shall immediately request the 

 American Hardwood Manufacturers' Association 

 to provide reinspection or remeasurement, as the 

 case may be by one of its licensed inspectors, ac- 

 cording to the inspection rules of that Association 

 in effect at the time of execution of contract. The 

 Purchaser shall lend all reasonable assistance to 

 facilitate the reinspection, or remeasurement. 



3. Certificates to be issued by the said Associa- 

 tion, showing the name of the Seller and Pur- 

 chaser, and the results of the reinspection or re- 



measurement ; the original to be mailed to the 

 Seller, the duplicate to the Purchaser. 



4. In the event either the Purchaser or Seller 

 is not satisfied with the result of a reinspection. 

 he shall have the right to demand that a rein- 

 spection be made by the chief inspector. All re- 

 quests for reinspection by the chief inspector must 

 be made within five days from the receipt of the 

 inspection certificate. 



SETTLEMENT BASED ON REINSPECTION OR 

 REMEASl RE3IENT 



1. Such reinspection or remeasurement, when 

 had. shall be final and be binding upon both Seller 

 and Purchaser. 



2. The Purchaser shall accept all material of 

 the grade and kind purchased, and all of the next 

 lower grade not in excess of five (5%) per cent 

 of the total quantity involved, and shall pay for 

 said degrade at the current proportionate price. 

 All degrades in exces.s of fixe (5%) per cent shall 

 be the property of the Seller. 



GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 



For the Manufacture, Inspection and Meas- 

 urement of Hardwood Lumber 



1. Lumb''T must bi? in.speoted and measured as 

 the inspector finds it. of full length and width. 

 He shall make no allowance for the purpose of 

 raising the grade. 



2. Exceptions to the general rules are stated 

 under the caption of the re.spective woods. 



3. Inspection must be made from the poor side 

 of the piece, except as otherwi.-se specified. 



4. These rules define the poorest piece in any 

 given grade, but the respective grades must con- 

 tain all pieces up to the next higher grade. 



5. In the following rules all widths and lengths 

 mentioned are inclwsive. 



MANUFACTURE 



1. Lumber should be properly manufactured, 

 trimmed and edged, of good average widths and 

 lengths- It mu.st be of standard thickness when 

 shipping dry. with the exception that in the 

 grades of Common, the percentage not included in 

 the cutting may be scant in thickness, provided 

 the cuttings are of standard thickness and that 

 there is no greater variation in the thickness of 

 the board than is allowed in the rule describing 

 n^issawn lumber. 



2. Lumber showing greater variation in thick- 

 ness than 1/lH" at any point in stock cut 1/2" 

 thick or less, or 1/8" in 5/8" and 3/4" stock, or 

 1/4" in 1" to 2" stock, or 3/8" in 2 1/2" and thicker 

 stock, must be measured at the thinnest part and 

 classed as missawn, and graded and reported ae 

 such. 



MINIMUM WIDTHS 

 1. 909c of the minimum widths mentioned in 

 all grades of lumber must be full width; the re- 

 maining 109c may be 1/4" scant in width. 



measure:ment 



1. In the me?.surement of lumber of random 

 widths, fractions of over 1/2', as shown on the 

 board rule, must be counted up to the next higher 

 figure; fractions of exactly 1/2' and less, as 

 shown on the board rule, must be counted back 

 to the next lower figure. 



2. A board rule on which the 1/2" is clearly 

 marked should be used. 



3. Tapering lumber in standard lengths must 

 be measurea one-third the length of the piece 

 from the narrow end. 



TALLY 

 1. A piece tally in feet must be made of aU 

 lumber. All lumber of standard grades and 

 thicknesses must be tallied face or surface meas- 

 ure, and this tally must be the number of feet, 

 board measure, of 1" lumber. If the lumber is 

 thicker than 1". then the tally so obtained must 

 be multiplied by the thickness as expressed in 

 inches and fractions of an inch. All lumber less 

 than 1" must be counted face measure. When 

 strips or stock widths are ineasur£'J, a tally show- 

 ing widths and lengths must be made. 

 HEART 



1. Heart, where the extent or damage does not 

 exceed the equivalent of standard defects allowed, 

 will be admitted in the grade of Firsts and Sec- 

 onds. 



2. In the grade of No. 1 Cominon. no piece 

 shall contain heart to exceed one-half its length 

 in the aggregate. 



season checks 



1. Ordinarily season checks are not to be con- 

 sidered defects, but if of so serious a character as 

 to damage the lumber they are to be considered 

 by the inspector. 



SPLITS 



1. Six inches of straight split in one end, or 

 its equivalent in both end:;, will not be considered 

 a defect in the grade of Firsts and Seconds. 

 SAP 



1. Bright sap is no defect unless so stated 

 under caption of the respective woods. 

 STAIN 



1. Stain that will surface off in dressing to the 

 standard thickness must not be considered a de- 

 fect. 



BURLS 



1. Burls that do not contain knots or unsound 

 centers shall not be considered defects, 

 WANE 



1. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds, wane 

 along the edge not exceeding one-sixth the length 

 of the piece, or its equivalent at one end or both 

 ends, not exceeding in thickness one-half the 

 thickness of the piece, and not exceeding in 

 width, as shown in the following table, is not a 

 defect: 



1/2" in width in 1/2". Tj/S" -nd 3/4" lumber. 

 3/4" in width in 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2", 1 3/4" and 2" 

 lumber. 



1" in width in 2 1/2" and thicker lumber. 

 Standard Defects 



1. One Knot 1 1/4" in diameter. 



2. Two Knots not exceeding in extent or dam- 

 age one 1 1/4" knot. 



3. Splits — In lumber of random widths, one 

 split not diverging more than 1" to a foot, and 

 not exceeding in length in inches the surface 

 measure of the piece in feet; but not more than 

 two defects of this character are admitted in a 

 piece of the grade of Firsts and Seconds. Firsts 

 and Seconds sold in any series of special widths 

 10" or wider will not allow more than one stand- 

 ard defect of this character in any piece. 



4. Wane in excess of free wane allowed in 

 Firsts and Seconds grade must be considered as 

 standard defects in the proportion of 1" in width, 

 one-sixth the length of the board, extending par- 

 allel with the edge, or its equivalent at one or 

 both ends, as one standard defect. 



5. Wonn, Orub, Knot, and Rafting Pin Ho1e.s, 

 not exceeding in extent or damage one 1 1/4" 

 knot. 



6. Heart and other defects not enumerated as 

 standard defects that do not damage the piece 

 more than the standard defects allowed, are 

 equivalent defects and must be so considered by 

 the inspector. 



DEFINITIONS 



ClTTINCiS 



1. The word Cutting as used in these rules 

 means a portion of a board or plank obtained by 

 cross cutting, by ripping, or by both. 



2. The term Clear Face Cutting, as used in 

 these rules, means a cutting having one face clear 

 and the reverse face sound. 



3. The term Sound Cutting, as used in these 

 rules, means a cutting free from rot and shake 

 and other defects which materially impair the 

 strength of the piece. 



GOOD EDGE 

 1. The term Good Edge, as used in these rules, 

 will admit no unsound defects, excepting a slight 

 amount of wane, not to exceed one-third the 

 length and one-third the thickness of the piece, 

 or its equivalent in other defects. 



STANDARD GRADES 



1. The standard grades of hardwood lumber 

 are found under the caption of the respective 

 v/oods. Firsts and Seconds are combined as one 

 grade. 



2. The percentage of Firsts in the combined 

 grade of Fir.sts and Seconds to be as follows: 



3- Poplar, not less than 509c. 



4. African and Mexican Mahogany, not less 

 than Sii%. 



5 Tupelo. Plain and Quartered Sycamore, 

 White Ash, Plain Oak, Chestnut, Red Gum, Sap 

 Gum, Cottonwood, Black Gum, Magnolia. Locust, 

 Hackberry. and Willow, not less than 33 1/3%. 



6. Cherry, Beech, Soft Elm, Buckeye, Quar- 

 tered Oak. Quartered Red Gum, and Quartered 

 Red Gum sap no defect, not less than 25%- 

 STANDARD LENGTHS 



1. Standard lengths are 4', 5', 6', 7', 8', 9', 

 10', 11'. 12', 13', 14'. 15' and 16', but not over 

 1~>% of odd lengths are admitted. 



2. In the grade of Firsts and Seconds the 

 lengths are 8' to 16', but there must not be more 

 than 20% under 12' and not to exceed 10% of 8' 

 and 9' lengths, except ■.\s otherwise specified. 



STANDARD THICKNESSES 

 1 The standard thicknesses of hardwood lum- 

 ber are 1/4". 3/H", 1/2", 5/S". 3/4". 1". 1 1/4". 

 1 1/2". 1 3/4", 2", 2 1/2", 3", 3 1/2". 4", 4 1/2". 5", 

 5 1/2". and 6'. 



2. The standard thicknesses for surfaced lum- 

 ber are as follows: 



Rough Surfaced 



3/8" surfaced two sides to 3/16" 



1/2" surfaced two sides to 5/16" 



5/S" surfaced two sides to 7/16" 



3/4" -surfaced two sides to 9/16" 



1" surfaced two sides to 13/16" 



1 1/4" surfaced two sides to 1 3/32" 



1 1/2" surfaced two sides to 1 11/32" 



1 3/4" surfaced two sides to 1 1/3" 

 2" surfaced two sides to 1 8/4" 



2 1/2" surfaced two sides to 2 1/4" 

 3" surfaced two sides to 2 3/4" 



3 1/2" surfaced two sides to 3 1/4^^ 

 4" surfaced two sides to 3 3/4" 



3. Lumber surfaced on one side only must be 

 1/1(1" full of the above thickness. 



ASH 



1. Thicknesses and lengths; Standard. 



2. Widths: 3" and over wide. 



FIRSTS 

 1. Firsts must be ii" and ovgr wide, 8' and over 

 long. Pieces 4' to 9' surface measure must be 

 clear. Pieces 10' to 15' surface measure may 

 have one standard defect or its equivalent. Pieces 

 16' and over surface measure may have two 

 standard defects or their equivalent. 

 SECONDS 

 1. Seconds must be 0" and -over wide. 

 .2. Standard defects are admitted according to 

 surface measure as follows: 



5'. 1 standard defect or its equivalent. 



8'. 2 standard defects or their equivalent. 



12', 3 stand?,rd defects or their equivalent. 



16'. 4 standard defects or their equivalent. 



20', 5 standard defects or their equivalent. 



