24 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



upper part of it is supported on a. llat car. This spar is built <(£ 

 spruce, 28 inches at the butt and 17 inches at the top. Tlie ingenious 

 manner in which Mr. Viering has designed and constructed this spar 

 has been recognized by the government of the United States who 

 granted him a patent for his improvements. From each setting, the 

 cable reaches out uphill, downhUl, across draws and guUejs, and 

 brings its load singly or in bundles with absolute independence of 

 ground conditions. The aerial line is a straight line and there is 

 nothing to interfere with high speed in bringing in the loads. As 

 said before, the spans have reached out practically half a mile. In a 

 single setting a circle nearly a mile in diameter has been completely 



The total number of feet skidded in the five months covered by a 

 special report was 4,060,25] ; the total number of logs handled was 

 24,330, and the total labor cost for skidding was OOVo cents per 

 thousand feet. E-\-ery log was taken to the railroad by the skidder 

 from wliere it was felled and no horses were employed in bunching 



-or yarding the logs. In one day a skidder put in 96,000 feet of logs, 

 which is a record breaker for the mountainous country. The logs are 

 small, and it takes twelve hardwood logs, eleven spruce, or five hemlock 

 logs to the thousand feet. 



A single week's work (6 days) from July 25 to July 31, showed a 

 daily average of 46,530 feet skidded with a labor cost for skidding of 

 only 71% cents per thousand. 



The mountains are all broken and filled with cliffs and knolls, and 

 the ground is so bad that there are places where the loggers have to- 

 blow the trees oflf of cliffs with dynamite, because it is impossible to- 

 get at them to cut them down. 



A trip of 2,400 feet can be made in S% minutes, with a load of 

 from 1,800 to 2,500 feet, all due to the slackpuUer -and our signal bell 

 system. This takes only six men against the old way with twelve men. 

 They go right to the stump for the logs, and not to a pile where they 

 had been put with horses. In this work a skidder without slackpuUer 

 and interlocking device would not suffice. 



xatTO!:aP5^i:)i'atM!!roi CMaiTO;^ ^ 



Wood'-Using Industries of Ohio 



A bulletin eontaJmug 133 -pages, embracing a report of the wood- 

 using industries oi- Ohio and a list of manufactures, has just been 

 published by 'the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station at Wooster. 

 The report was' compiled by ■ CarroU W. Dunning of the Forest 

 Service. 



Sixty woods are used by factories in the state, thirty-nine of thefn , 

 hardwoods and twenty-one .soft woods." Only four of the soft woods 

 are produced by the forests of the state, while most 9f the hard- 

 woods grow in Ohio. It is probably the njost typical hardwood- state 

 in the whole coiintry. It has always been such, and.tlipugh highly 

 developed now aKng a'gjicultural lines, it still produced hundreds of 

 millions of feet of hardwoods yearly. In .19U:-Ehe total piitj'J^'.of its 

 sawmUls was 427,161,000 feet, of uhiiih-the soft wobds, Bl'a^e up 

 only 8,889,000 feet, and the hardwoods aggregated 418,272,00^"' 



Wood-using factories, in the state require more ^ban , twice as 

 much lumber yearly as all the mills in the state cut. THe con- 

 sequence is that the shortage must be made good by imports from 

 outside regions. The average cost per thousand feet of all woods 

 manufactured in the state is given at $30.47. That is for the rough 

 material when it reaches the factory. In order to compare this with 

 similar figures for certain other states, the following list is given: 



Average cost 

 of wood. 



Iowa $30.92 



New York 30.76 



Ohio 30.47 



Michigan 23.12 



Kentucky / 23.07 



Massachusetts 21.19 



Maryland 20.67 



Arkansas 11.49 



The various kinds of woods used by factories in Ohio, together 

 with the quantity and cost of each, are shown in the table which 



follows: Average 



cost per 



Kind of Wood. Feet b.m. 1,000 ft. 



Yellow poplar 139,094,784 $ 29.42 



White pine 120,340,930 29.68 



White oak 100,891,654 37.23 



Longleaf pine 73,432,252 26.26 



Shortleaf pine 71,334,721 25.75 



Rej oak 61.096.273 31.46 



express . ... 38,038,570 36.33 



Hickory ''.'.'.'.'.'...'. 35,621,331 42.67 



Sugar maple 29,000,061 28.19 



Red gum 27,609,659 22.69 



White ash 24,511,381 36.18 



Basswood 22,833.367 25.27 



Chestnut • 18,770,383 19.68 



Beech 18,637,884 17.52 



Norway ptae. 17,654,417 23.4 1 



Cottonwood 16 



Hemlock ;)».. 16 



White elm,, ....'. 13, 



S(lver maple 



Bircli 



Cork -elm. 7, 



Black" asii > .'....... 6 



Doiigla^ .fir. . : 5; 



Su'.;:ir pine 



Ma 



■-■iny 



Spriue 3, 



Black walnut. . 2, 



Cotton gum 2, 



Western wliite pine .-. 1, 



Bur oak - 1, 



Red cedar. . . ; .'....". 



Cherry 



^'ortiiern white cedar ■ 



Buckeye 



Sycamore 



Redwood 



Balm of Gilead . 



Black gum '.-...; -. . . . 



Tamarack .'.^ ,.......; i.,,.,. . . 



Cucumber .-. ...,^..^K. .. .=. .,......". 



Western red cedar '; . . .?..?, . :'. 



Spanish cedar 



Pitch pine 



Western yellow pine 



Loblolly pine 



Western larch 



Hackberry 



Willow 



Butternut 



Sweet magnolia 



Circassian walnut 



Sitka spruce 



Applewood 



Padouk 



Locust 



English oak 



Teak 



Ebony 



Rosewood 



,831,024 

 ,164,964 

 ,902.484 

 ,328,214 

 304,563 

 .411,570 

 ,122,309 

 ,819,733 

 ,411,891 

 ,712,348 

 ,575,750 

 9^2.040 

 460.000 

 072.000 

 026,000 

 953,810 

 947,881 

 944,540 

 930,992 

 902,250 

 876,000 

 688,820 

 674,500 

 600,000 

 521,800 

 510,000 

 478,750 

 468,000 

 450,000 

 449.000 

 213,000 

 200,000 

 170,000 

 82.500 

 75,000 

 32,470 

 28,000 

 24,000 

 14,500 

 12,000 

 10,000 

 1,000 

 500 

 500 



29.5(5 

 18.58 

 23.93 

 17.78 

 35.15 

 18.47 

 33.37 

 34.60 

 46.45 

 128.85 

 22.21 

 77.2!> 

 .39.47 

 46.76 

 39.00 

 28.63 

 69,68 

 19.16 

 21.07 

 23.58 

 36.73 

 17.13 

 16.51 

 17.00 

 16.66 

 30.20 

 124.32 

 17.03 

 45.89 

 18.32 

 22.50 

 16.13 

 27.06 

 39.26 

 12.00 

 284.39 

 40.89 

 20.00 

 133.10 

 35.83 

 410.00 

 250.00 

 240.00 

 350.00 



Total 915,272,369 $30.47 



Of this wood 165,174,792 feet grew in the state, and 750,097,577 

 came in from other regions. The total cost of the whole quantity 

 was $27,884,839. Eight are foreign woods: mahogany, Spanish 

 cedar, Circassian walnut, padouk, English oak, teak, ebony and rose- 

 wood. The highest priced wood is English oak at $410 per thousand, 

 the cheapest, sweet magnolia, at $12. 



The utilization of wood in Ohio is highly developed and diversified. 

 The smallest industry uses 555,000 feet a year and the largest 249,- 

 000,000. Every industry, except matches and cigar boxes, employs 



