16 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



Novcmbor 10. l'J21 



By F. G. Norcross 



President of The Appalachian Logging Congress 



There is 710 stereotyped rule that you can lay doivii to follow in 

 SAWING OF THE LOG, but a yeneral rule governing in so far as 

 defects are discernible, and for this reason all methods must be s-u-b- 

 ject to variation from any rule owing to development of unseen defects 

 while sawing. — Author's Note. 



The moment your log is rolled on to your carriage the log cost 

 ceases. The problem is then up to the saw mill department to get 

 all the possible high grade lumber from the same as any profit 

 lies between the log cost and the value of the output in manu- 

 factured luniber, F. O. B. mills, and it goes without saying that 

 the more high grade lumber produced, the larger profit will accrue 

 to the manufacturer. 



In computing the cost of your logs, you take into consideration: 



1. Stumpage value. 



2. Cutting down and sawing up into logs. 



*.lii address delivered at the Aijfh .liiiiHa; ilcctinO of tlieJAppalacMan 

 Logging Congress in KnOTnille, Tenn., on Oct. in, 1921. 



3. Skidding and hauling to railroad or sawmill. 



4. If a railroad proposition, cost of hauling on cars. 

 0. Freight rate or cost of transportation to mill. 



6. Cost of unloading. 



7. Skidw-ay labor costs. | 



To illustrate the several methods of SAWING OF THE LOG, I 

 herewith submit diagram showing how logs should be cut out to 

 obtain the greatest number of feet to be produced. Also the elim- 

 ination of defects with least loss to obtain the most high grade 

 lumber in the sawing of the same. These methods are to apply 

 under general rules for sawing, but you must always remember that 

 the methods set forth may be changed or varied as unseen defects 

 develop, always bearing in mind that seen detrimental defects are 

 considered iu the first position when the log is placed on the head 

 blocks, for, if error is made in the first placement of the log, and 

 it is incorrectly placed, you meet with losses all through the sawing 

 process. Your sawyer must be educated to the point of keeping 

 all four sides of his log in his mind. When the side to the saw 



Fig No.l. 



Fig N0.2. 



Fi^ N0.3. 

 SHEET ]. 



Fig N0.4. 



Fig. 1 — Three-way Triangular Cracks 



Fig. Z — Right Angle Quarter Cracks 



Fig. 3 — One End Three-way Crack; Opposite End. Heart Crack 



Fig. 4 — Straight Across Head Cracks, Both Ends 



Fig. 5 — Three Three-way Right Angle Cracks 



Fig. 6 — Knots Showing on Three or Four Sides 



Fig. 7— Hollow Swell Butted Logs 



Fig. 8 — Same Log as Cant. Showing When Taper Is Cut Off 



Fig. *— Showing When Getting Second and Third Board of Taper Portion 



Fig. 10— Showing When Getting First Board After Taking Feather Wedge Off 



