18 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



Novcmlii'i- 1(1. liiL'l 



taut to telescope your knees so as to have your boards of even 

 width face as much as possible, leaving your knees still telescoped 

 when turning to saw the second side as shown in Fig. 7, Sheet 1, 

 until you strike the defect, be it shake, worm holes, rot or hollow, 

 then, before turning your cant down, set your knees parallel by 

 pushing back your narrow end of the cant and saw off the taper of 

 the cant in boards, either two or three boards, which number will 

 be governed by the taper and as shown in Fig. 7, Sheet 1, and Figs. 

 9 and 10, Sheet 1, showing board cut off to parallel your cants 

 before turning down to saw your third side of the log. Unless this 

 method is used and you take no taper out on your first and second 

 sides, you will produce a series of tapered boards necessitating deep 

 edging and cut off ends, reducing the average length of your lum- 

 ber and also producing cross-grained lumber, more subject to warp- 

 ing in seasoning and less feet produced from the log. The same 

 rule applies to sawing poplar, shaky, wormy and taper butt logs. 



When chestnut shows worm holes as you saw towards the heart, 

 then you will have to change your method and keep rolling your 

 squared cant continually to take off your all clean boards from all 

 four sides. Then cut your wormy square so that the heart cracks 

 come in a few boards at the heart. (See Fig. 6, Sheet 2.) 

 Basswood and Buckeye 



In cutting basswood and buckeye, you are aware that the sap 

 wood predominates in both varieties and the larger amount of the 

 luml>er produced will be sap wood, and it is also the most valuable 

 part of the log, and the heart wood is of small value, especially is 

 this true of buckeye, which is practically worthless. These con- 

 ditions make it necessary to saw up to the heart wood of the log 

 before turning, in sawing the first side as shown in 'Fig. '), Sheet 2, 

 showing heart wood by broken hatched lines. Many butt basswood 

 logs show hollows, making it important to telescope the knees to 

 take out the wedge in the heart or hollow. 



Ash 



Ash is the most subject to four-way cracks of any variety of 

 logs. You will be called upon to employ the method shown in Figs. 

 2 and 5, Sheet 1. In Fig. 2, where right angle four-way cracks 

 occur, you continue to turn your cant often in order to keep your 

 cracks continually on the edge of your boards, but in the three-way 

 cracks you saw as shown in Fig. 5, Sheet 1, placing the half of the 

 log that is free from cracks first to the saw, cutting up to the heart 

 crack, then turning flat down on your blocks and cut up to the heart 

 crack, thereliv your cracks occur in only one or two boards. (See 

 second and third sides.) 



General Rule 



When you are compelled to choose between l)ad large knots and 

 heart cracks, place your log side to the saw so as to get your boards 

 as clear as possible and turn so as to keep your knots on the edges 

 of your boards as much as possible. This will necessitate the roll- 

 ing of the cant often, and you may have to sacrifice some lumber 

 to cut off or edge your cracks, but you will gain in quality. This 

 i- more desirable than ignoring knots and cut for cracks. 

 Dimension Cutting 



In cutting dimension timbers, always place the concave side of 

 your log to the saw first in case your log is crooked; take off your 

 boards until you show a face sufficient to make the dimension of 

 your timber required. This prevents showing wane in the middle 

 of the timber, and you are assured of getting your sized timber 

 from your log, even more so than if you turned your convex side 

 of the log to the saw, and by doing so you are apt to take off too 

 many boards before turning. Then you find it impossible to get the 

 size timber required from the log. 



Your Sawyer 



First — He should be given a National inspection rule book and 

 instructed to study it thoroughly. He must know the grades desired 

 and as they develop to intelligently saw the log. 



Second — He should instruct his setter and dogger to watch closely 

 his signs as given that he may get his production rc(iuired from 

 the logs.. 



Third — He should take the saw off from the wheels (when band 

 saw is being operated) the moment it is cutting bad lumber. 



Fourth — He should inspect his carriage, set works and equipment 

 and keep same in good repair. Also he should see that his off-set 

 is properly working. 



•Fifth — He must see that his log is securely and properly dogged 

 to avoid accidents. 



Sixth — He should be instructed to slab light, uot over four inches 

 face on the first line. 



Seventh — He should see when he begins work that his steam 

 valves are working correctly-, and when he first admits steam to 

 his gun he should use caution not to open up too wide, but to work 

 his carriage backward and forward easily to allow all condensed 

 steam and water to pass out through the exhaust valves, otherwise 

 serious accidents may occur. Especially is this necessary in ex- 

 tremely cold we.-ither, and to see that all steam pipes arc properly 

 drained at night and when closed down. 



Eighth — He should use due care in the use of his nigger, as severe 

 damage to lumber can be done if carelessly used, especially when 

 striking a knock back blow, which at times needs to be very heavy. 

 The blow should be given with a downward stroke of the nigger, 

 throwing the teeth upward and striking the face of the cant fiat. 

 This is very important when you roll your cant often, as is neces- 

 sary when sawing as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1. 



Ninth — He should be observing as to indication of unseen defects 

 developing and change the sawing line so as to always get the 

 highest grade of lumber in the log, otherwise miscut grades will be 

 made, espo'cially in cutting thick stock or plank. 



Tenth— He should be instructed to finally cut for QITALITY, not 

 for Ql'.WTlTV. 



Logs 



Crooked logs are not only an abomination but a waste of good 

 stumpage, and a large percent of the lumber cut from such logs is 

 cross-grained and undesirable, and especially when being worked 

 in the planing mills. Bad logs :ind large knotty logs are unprofit- 

 able in the general sense of the production of good lumber. Crotch 

 and burly logs are an exception when suitable for veneer work. 

 Figureil logs should not be sawn, but sold to veneer trade. 



Extension of Time for Filing Amended Returns 



Although the Commissioner of Internal Bevenue has not yet 

 issued a formal ruling, it i« expected that he will promptly give 

 notice of the decision reached on October 29 to extend until Feb- 

 ruary 1 the tinie for filing amended returns under Treasury Deci 

 sion .3220 which had required that these returns be filed on or 

 before November 24, 1921. 



Before the time prescribed in the new forthcoming order the 

 Federal Kevenue Bill now under consideration by Congress will 

 undoubtedly have been passed granting further relief by way of 

 extension of time of payments not to exceed eighteen months. 



It should be understood that there is, of course, the possibility 

 that the bill as finally passed will not contain this relief provision 

 in its present form, but it is in fact likely that the rate of interest 

 to be charged on deferred payments will be 6% or (iV2'^/r instend 

 of the 8% as provided in the House Bill. 



In any event after the forthcoming order is issued, which will 

 (irobably be within a week, the taxpayer will have until Feb- 

 ruary 1, 1922, to. file amended returns and make payments, irre- 

 spective of additional legislation. 



The Southern Pine Association, the Georgia-Florida Mill Asso- 

 ciation and the North Carolina Pine Association have asked that 

 the Interstate Commerce Commission give consideration to the 

 reduction of rates on lumber in connection with any investigation 

 the Commission may iiinke into the general level of rates on various 

 commodities. 



