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The Grip on Trade 



When Conpvss passed the Trailing with the Enemy act it conferred 

 ..n Presiilcnt Wilson greater jtowers than any other man ever held in 

 all history. It was an old saying that "there was no law to prevent 

 the king of Persia from doing what he pleawd, " and while the king 



• f Persia may have tieen handicappcil by fewer restraints than Presi- 



• i.'nt Wilson, he never had anything like the power to do things. It is 

 remarkable that the greatest rleniocrai-y in the world should bestow on 

 a single man the greatest power in the world. It is proper that it 

 -hould be so, for never Itefore was there such an occasion. It is neces- 

 -iry that the country's whole power should be used, and it is a 

 -jdendid lesson in ilemocraty that the people clothed Congress with 

 all the power necessary, an<l Congress passed the power on to the 

 president, so that every act and every blow would represent the 

 whole people of the United States. Following are some of the aston- 

 ishing powers which the people, through Congress, have conferred upon 

 President Wilson: 



He has power to embargo all exports, to prohibit all imports. He 

 has power to prohibit or regulate all transfers of credit, money, cur- 

 rency, bullion and securities between the United States and all foreign 

 countries. He can impose severe penalties on all persons who trade 

 or communicate, directly or indirectly, with an enemy or the ally of 

 an enemy, or with any jierson acting for them or on their behalf. 

 Enemy-held patents in the United States may be used, if of as-sistanee 

 in carrying on the war. The president may take over and administer 

 inemy property in the United States. The president has power to 



• c-nsor all communications of every sort passing between this country 

 nd any foreign country. He can regulate foreign language news- 

 papers in the United States. 



The law has thus defined what is meant by the words "trading 

 with an enemy": 



(a) To pay. satlsf.v. compromis**. or jrivp s*^ciirity fr»r th** payment or 

 satisfaction of any iWht or oblij^ation. 



(b) To draw, accvpt. pay. pmwnt for arceptnorp or iiayment. or Indiirae 

 any oeeotlalilc Instrunipot or cbo^ In nrtloo. 



^c) To f-ntcr Into, carry on. cumplrti?. or perform any contract, tun^ 

 ment, or oblieatlon. 



(J» To bay or sell. loan, or rxteml credit, trade In. deal with, exctaaopr. 

 transmit, transfer, aiuilgn, or otherwise dlspoae of, or receive any form of 

 property. 



(e) To have any form of baslnes* or commercial communlration or In- 

 tercour)«« with. 



The definition of an "enemy" or "ally of enemy" requlrt~i car<'ful con- 

 sideration. In the first place, any person, no mattrr of what nationality, 

 who resides within the territory of the t^enunn Kmptre or the territory of 

 any of its allies or that ocruple<l by their military forces Is ••iprr>«sly made 

 an "enemy" or "ally of enemy" by the act. Evt-n citizens of the t'nlted 

 States who have elected to remain within sach territory are "enemiea" or 

 "allies of an enemy" within the provisions of the act. Further, any per- 

 son not resiillne in the fniteii States of whatever nationality and wherever 

 he resides, who Is doing hasinetts within such territory. Is place<i within 

 the definition of "enemy" or "ally of enemy." So also Is any rori>oration 

 create<l by Germany or its allies. So also Is any corporation create<l by 

 any other nation than the L'nlted States and doing business within sach 

 territory. Further, for the purposes of this act the government of 

 any nation with which the L'nite<J States is at war or the ally of such 

 nation and every subilivision of such government, anti every offl<-er. official 

 agent, or agency of such government is an "enemy" or "ally of enemy," 

 and the act makes no distinction as to where such officer, official agent, or 

 agency may be located. 



It is important for the public to have clearly in mind that not only is It 

 nnlawfnl to trade with an "enemy" or "ally of enemy" without llcenne. 

 but it Is equally unlawful to trade with any person who there Is reasonable 

 cause to believe is acting for or on account of or for the benefit of an 

 "enemy" or "ally of enemy." and It makes no difference what the nation- 

 ality or what the residenc-e of such person may be. On the other hand. In 

 dealing with subjects of Germany who are resirlent in the United States, 

 it is ImiKirtant to remember that, while other provisions of law make it 

 possible to Intern them, the niere fact of their nationality df»es not make 

 them "enemies" within the meaning of this act ami s/i prevent persons In 

 this coimfry from having ordinary commercial illations with them. 



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-^ Gondola Cars for Carrying Lumber 



I 



On October 9 the traffic committee of the National Lumber Manu- 

 facturers ' Association held a meeting in Chicago at which the principal 

 topic of discussion was the question of equipping the open gondola 

 cars for the transportation o^ lumber. A statement was made by 

 A. G. T. Moore of the Southern Pine Association that the carriers had 

 agreeil upon a plan for bulkheailing lumber carried in open cars, and 

 there is no question but that .some bulkheading method is souml and 

 should l>e adopted. Among the matters to be rletermined is a uniform 

 method and the question whether the lumbermen should be required 

 to bear the increased cost necessitated, or whether the cost should be 

 borne by the carriers as their duty in furnishing equipment suitable 

 for the transportation of the traffic ofiFered. 



An abstract was submitted, showing the position of the carriers 

 and the viewpoint of the shipi^ers. The carriers contend that the 

 lumber required for bulkheading should not be charged to them, 

 be«-ause when they have furnished the car it is all that should be 

 required of the carrier. It is suggested that the shipper arrange to 

 sell the bulkhead material to the purchaser of the lumber. The 

 shippers maintain that the railroads ought to stand the cost of stakes 

 and bulkheading. 



After a general discussion of the question the committee unani- 

 mously agreed to the following propositions as representing their 

 opinion of the matter, and the methoil in which it should Vie handled: 



PBorosiTios No. 1 : The existing canstake allowance Is Insufficient to 

 cover the cost of staking open cars un'ler the present methods of staking. 



I*ROi^siTiON No '2: The endeavor to secure a satisfactory adjustment 

 of the matter should be handled through the National Lumber Manufac- 

 turers* Association. 



PRorosiTiox No. 3 : A uniform method of staking sbouM be avowed, 

 specifications therefor Including lumber tariffs and adequate allowance 

 for the servic-e likewise covered by tariff provisions. In view of the 

 disparity existing between the carriers' cost estimates anil those of the 

 lumbermen, together with changes from a practical lumt>er standpoint 

 which should possibly Im; ni.ide in the bulkheading si>ecifications submitted 

 by the carriers, a joint conference should be held between the traffic 

 committee of the National Lumber JIanufacturere" .\ssoclatlon and the 

 operating officials of the carriers. 



I'EOPOSITION No. 4 : A new complaint having no connection with the 

 old carstake case, should be flle<l if carriers cannot be prevailed upon In 

 joint conference with the lumbermen to make the proper allowance for 

 staking service. 



Prok)sitiox No. 5 : The foregoing. If successfully accompllsheil. simply 

 constitutes relief during emergency perioils when lumbermen are forced to 

 use cars unsulte<l to their products. Every pressure should lie brought to 

 bear upon the carriers to the end that adequate cars, to which the luml>er- 

 men arc lawfully entitled, be furnlsheil for the shipping of lumb«-r. Also, 

 that in building all classes of equipment due consideration should be 

 given to their ailaptabillty after construction for lumber loaillng. 



In conformity with the foregoing, the secretary was instructed to 

 arrange for a conference l>etween the committee and the carriers in 

 the endeavor to accomplish the purposes set forth. 



Team Work Gets Results 



An order for 34,<ii"i army «agij!i~ w:i- r.icntly phiced in Chicago 

 in one afternoon. This does not mean that all the wagons are to 

 come from Chicago factories. The government communicated to a 

 committee representing nearly all the wagon manufacturers of the 

 country that 34,000 wagons of a specified kind were wanted, at a 



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