3S 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



Mny 'J.-.. IIIIS. 



save Dip tlaip of tlic cnrpontor In the Inylne of the floorlni: nnd to pri'vt'iil 

 llic splltlins of tlip boards. TIi<- iMrInK of tlii'Kc IioIoh iiiic|iii'iilloDiibl.v t« 

 II very Hlniplc and Inexpensive process, liut if tlie proceiiB In to be doomed 

 one of mnnufncture and advancement It niny Bervc to defoiit the clnlin of 

 protestiintiN. 



"We huve siild ihiit wc nro sntlano<l tlint it \vii« the puriKjso of ConKriss 

 In this IntosI rovl<l.in to pliice all kinds of lumber, roBardlcus of how II Is 

 troatnl. so loiii: iis It lins not lost Its Identity as liimlM>r, on tlio fnv list. 

 The question there under eonsldi'ratlon wns simply ehiinues In condition 

 prodiieed by the planer and niateher. The Issue here Is very different for 

 the effect of the Kirlnc of these unll holes is to place this Hoorlne In a 

 condition beyond that of snwed boards or lumber planed and toneuod and 

 isroovoil and nady for use as such. It might be urged that because these 

 holes were l>ored in connection with the planing process at very Inconsider- 

 able cost, although n step beyond planing, tongueing, and grooving, it was 

 too iDslgnltlcant to be considered as changing the dutiable cbaniclor of the 

 inercbandlse : but we do not think that the question of cost should control 

 or even influence a decision on that point. 



"It may still bo open to question whether this flooring, although pre- 

 pared for a pnrticnlnr use, oven though It be known us flooring. Is a 

 manufactured orllcle, but we <ieeiii It unnecessary to discuss that question 

 at this time." 



Steel Passenger Car Construction 

 The number of steel cars ami tbn^-e Willi sle.l under frames nnd 

 wooden superstructure in use in the lulled Slates on ,1anuary 1, 1915, 

 was IS.COO, compared with 1,:!02 such cars In service ,laniiary 1, 1909. 

 The number of cars of that kind built In 1914 was 4.29.'. The con- 

 struction of all-wood passenger cars has practically ceased. The wooden 

 cars in service January 1, 1912, numbered 4S,12f>, on January 1, 101.". 

 4.3,ol2. The following list gives the cost of all-steel cars of different 

 types : 



Average Cost 



Postal ?11.000 



Mail and baggage 10,000 



Mail, baggage and passenger 10.000 



Baggage and passenger 10,000 



Baggage or express .S,500 



Passenger 12,800 



Parlor, sleeping, dining 22,000 



Business 1."..ooa 



Motor 2H.iiiti) 



Another Long Flagstaff 



Within recent years many long flagstafTs have l)een reported, and the 

 latest candidate for first place grew In British Columbia and is Douglas 

 flr. Consul General R. E. Mansfield at Vancouver, B. C, recently made 

 a special report on the remarkable stick. It will be forwarded soon to 

 Great Britain as a present from the provincial government, and will 

 be placed in the Kew Botanical Gardens, a few miles out from London. 

 The staff is 210 feet in length, without flaw or defect. 



In Its original state the stick was 5 feet in diameter at the butt nnd 

 14 Inches in diameter at the top, and perfectly straight. Dressed Into 

 shape, the staff has a diameter of 32 inches square at the butt for a 

 distance of Ifi feet. For the next 100 feet it Is octagonal In shape, 

 and for the last 100 feet It is round. The upper 200 fert is a gentle 

 taper from .'52 Inches to 12 inches in diameter. The staff is now In the 

 yards at False Creek. Vancouver, awaiting shipment. It will be forwarded 

 as a deck load on one of the big liners running out of Vancouver. The 

 flagstaff at the courthouse In Vancouver, which is 204 feet long, came 

 from the same timber limits. The old Douglas fir flagstaff at the Kew 

 Gardens was for many years the tallest in the world. It was recently 

 taken down on account of decay. The tallest now In existence Is said 

 to stand In the exposition grouuds at San Francisco. 



Ship Yards Will Need Wood 

 War is destroying ships on all the seas. Vessels to take their place must 

 be built when peace returns, and shipyards will become large Iniycrs of 

 wood for new vessels. But the demand will not stop there. Many ships 

 that will survive will need interiors. When things settle down to normal 

 level again travelers will board familiar ships — familiar still In their 

 outward seeming — to find themselves in strange quarters. For all the 

 large liners which have been chartered by the governments as armed 

 merchant cruisers, store ships, patrol vessels, and the like, will have 

 new Interiors. History will not be able to tell us how many thousands 

 of tons of doors. bulkheJids. and carved, fretted fittings of saloons have 

 been given to the furnace flames, while all woods too hard for burning 

 have gone incontinently overboard. Verily this war waste is to be found 

 in many unsuspected comers, and the internal arrangements of many 

 noted liners will strike oddly on the eye of the traveler hoarding one of 

 his former favorite ships after she has done her part in the naval services 

 of this war. 



Want Wooden Pulleys 

 An .\merkan consular officer in New Zealand reports that a firm of 

 mechanical engineers in his district is desirous of communicating with 

 American manufacturers of wooden pulleys. Best terms and prices should 

 be given, and catalogues should 1» sent. Further particulars may bo had 

 by inquiring at the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Washing- 

 ton, D. C, giving the index numl>er 10,52.'. 



Lumber for Salmon Boxes 



.\pprrnlmnlely ;io.(Mio,ooo feet of Iniiibir wan um-<1 la«l year In tlie 

 mauufarture of salmi>n boxen. The total pack of canned aalmon on the 

 North I'aeUlc lM>.t seascin was about 4,717,000 cases. It re<|Uire« about 

 six nnd nn oiKhth fi et of luiulior for every case. The lOI.'i pack of salmon 

 is expected to be loiiKialernbly larger than In 1914. Packers oHtimnlo thot 

 it will total at least «,.MI0,000 casori, whieb will mean about 40,000,000 

 feet of lumber for boxes. 



Inspection of Handle Stock 



.\ writer in l< ri»>l Turning offers ihe following rules for Inspecting 

 handle blanks : 



General nppearanee of tiie blank — ctdor, and harstiness. live or dead. 

 Reject "dozy" pieces, decayed or dead stock, tirade down sap stained 

 pieces. 



Grain — closeness, rr>gularity, absenre of deformation, direction. Reject 

 very wide grain, grade down flatwise sawing with grain along wide side 

 of stock. 



Wayne and bark — reject pieces which will not make full handles — grade 

 down those which may leave wnyne on high parts of the handles. 



Checks, splits, wind shakes. Reject all which may make defective 

 handles, grade down those which show the least suspicion of wind shake 

 In any part, as such handles cannot be depended upon. 



Kiii>ts — Reject any and all pieces which carry knots which may reach 

 to the handle after turning. Grade down all pieces containing knots of 

 any character as they are likely to weaken the handle even If they do 

 not actually run Into the part left after turning. The presence of a knot, 

 oven though It all turns off, disturbs the grain for a considerable dis- 

 tance around the knot, and therefore lowers the grade of each and any 

 piece containing a knot, except possibly very close to, or at the extreme 

 end of any blank. 



The Glasgow Lumber Market 



A recent report by Consul John X. McCunn, at Glasgow, Scotland, gives 

 valuable Information concerning the lumber business In that vicinity, 

 as Is shown In extracts wiiich follow : 



Seventy foreign woods are required to meet the needs of Glasgow, the 

 different kinds of which vary greatly from many causes, but chiefly from 

 climatic conditions, area of growth, and methods of manufacture. 



At the beginning of last year the market opened encouragingly, fol- 

 lowed soon by a tendency to dullness, which condition continued more 

 or less throughout the year. Tills was attributed to the belief that 

 values were not likely to be maintained, in view of an unfavorable 

 prospect in shipbuilding, the main support of the timber market. It 

 was also thought that imports were heavier than the demands warranted ; 

 consequently merchants bought Just enough to supply immediate require- 

 ments, expecting prices to fall. The war brought the timber trade prac- 

 tically to a standstill. 



A shortage in packing case material soon became evident, with the 

 result that prices advanced thirty to forty per cent within a few weeks. 



As Russia could not be depended on to supply the market, importa- 

 tions from Canada and Sweden at advanced prices were made to supply 

 the deficit. 



A demand for timber was created by government orders for huts, beds, 

 tables, and other necessities for the quartering of soldiers. 



The loss of steamers and the advance In freight rates brought orders 

 to the Clyde shipbuilding yards for new tonnage that otherwise in all 

 probability would not have been received. .\ shortage of supply In teak 

 caused an advance of about ten per cent over the previous year's prices. 



Furniture woods, except three-ply wood, that were in active demand at 

 high prices at the close of 191.3 weakened gradually under the pressure of 

 heavy imports, but there was evidence of improvement before the close 

 of the year. 



A limited business was done in .Vmerican liardwoods, but toward the 

 end of the year depleted stocks and higher freights gave the market a 

 firmer tone. White oak and elm logs, California redwood, greenhart, 

 hickory, and ash remained firm at about the 1913 prices. 



With decreasing stocks and buyers disinclined to import under the 

 present high freight rates, prices are bound to rise eventually In this 

 market. 



Only about half of the timber consumed in this district is Imported 

 direct to Glasgow, as the large-dimensioned timber can be more profit- 

 ably handled afloat; consequently logs from Canada, British Columbia, the 

 United States, and other places intended for Glasgow are mostly dis- 

 charged at Greenock, on the Clyde, thirty miles below Glasgow. These 

 are floated to timber ponds In the vicinity of Greenock and shipped 

 thence by water or rail as desired. 



Baltic and White Sea exports, chiefly deals and battens, for convenience 

 are shipped to ports on the east of Scotland, principally Grangemouth, 

 whence they arc either transshipped In barges via the Forth & Clyde 

 Canal to Glasgow timber yards situated tliereon or brought by rail 

 direct to the city. 



The wood Imported direct to Glasgow harbors during 1914 amounted to 

 2,400,000 board feet, which represents about one-halt of the total Impor- 

 tation. The Imports at Grangemouth during the year totaled 4,300,000 

 board feet, a large proportion of which was transshipped direct to Glasgow. 



New York's State Tree 

 The New York State College of Forestry, when <-alled upon to select 

 the most representative tree of the state to be planted at the San Fran- 



