16 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



bcr grown in the state. The larf(ast home supply comes from white 

 oak ; red oak is seconj, beech thinl, miJ white imh foiirtli. Of the 

 fifty-three wooJs reported, twenty-four come wholly from the outside, 

 and only two, applewood and mulberry, are supplied entirely by 

 Uie utate. 



I'here are two Rcneral classes of woods listed in Table 1, but they 

 are not shown separately. These two classe.s arc hardwoodM and 

 softwoods. 



Commercially B|>eaking, the softwoods are trees with ni'oiilelike 

 leaves, but not necessarily evergreen. Hardwoods bear broad leaves, 

 which are usually deciduous but evergreen in some cases. The soft- 

 woods included in Table 1 arc the following: Pines, Douglas fir, 

 cypress, hemlock, spruces, and cedars. The softwoods arc much more 

 important than the hardwoods, both in quantity of timber available 

 and in usefulness. The softwoods contribute about eighty per cent 

 of the annual lumber production, and are used largely in general 

 construction and building. 



All of the other kinds of wood listed in Table 1 are known as 

 hardwoods, some of them, such as mahogany and Circassian walnut, 

 being imported. Although they form but twenty per cent of the 

 lumber cut, hardwoods are of much importance in the manufacture 

 of interior finish, furniture, vehicles, and implements. 



Of the fifty-three woods listed in Table 1, six are foreign — ma- 

 hogany, Circassian walnut, Spanish cedar, prima vera (sometimes 

 called jenisero), padouk, and rosewood. Seventeen are softwoods 

 and thirtv-sii hardwoods. Several of the woods listed probably in- 



clude more than one spccios, since manufacturers report commercial 

 names which often cover several species, and usually do not know 

 the botaiinieal names of all the woods tliey use. Thus only white 

 oak and red oak are named, yet doubtless more than a dozen H|>ecie8 

 of oak are used in the state. Several species of hickory such as 

 shellbark, shagbark and pignut arc listed together under the generic 

 term "hickory." Two maples and two ashes are named, but prob- 

 ably more than two of each go to factories in the state. 



Further, as pointed out later, commercial shortleuf pine includes 

 both shortleaf and loblolly pine. Birch undoubtedly includes l)Oth 

 yellow and sweet birch ; spruce is probably mostly red spruce from 

 West Virginia, but may bo partly white or black spruce from the 

 Lake states. The different species of these woods are distinct when 

 the trees arc seen standing in the forest, but when they have been 

 sawed into lumber and the lumber reaches the factory, it is not 

 always easy to distinguish one wood from another of the same kind, 

 as red maple from silver maple, red spruce from white, red oak from 

 shingle oak, etc. Consequently it has been found more satisfactory 

 not to attempt in this report an exact separation of the woods into 

 species, but to make the commercial names the basis for classification 

 in most cases. 



Other woods listed in Table 1 are single species definitely recog- 

 nized by the trade. Thus red gum, yellow poplar, beech, chestnut, 

 walnut, etc., undoubtedly include only the botanical species referred ta 



Each kind of wood used by Indiana manufacturers is discussed 

 in table 2 which shows the amounts used by each industry, costs, 

 etc., for each of the more important woods. 



TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF KINDS OK WOOD I'SKD IN INDIANA 



Kind of wooO 

 Common name — Botanical name — 



White oak Quercua alba 



Red gum lAquiilamhar slifiaciflua. 



Longleaf pine Piiiu« palusiris 



Sbortleaf pine Pinus sp 



Bed oak Quercua rubra 



Hicliorv Htcona sp 



Yellow poplar Liriodcndron tulipifera. . . 



Sugar maple ^tecr saccliariim 



Beech Fniiiis atriipuiiicea 



White pine Pinus strobus 



Quantity 

 l-'eet 1). m. 

 ...109.-IC7.6S1 

 . . . 74.S27.r)30 

 , . . 67.n:i.s,7.5.", 

 . . . .'i;!.G7.i.031 

 , .. 49,412,227 



. . 36.S28,447 



. . 3.i.2G2.409 



. . 22.!i:i.s.:!n3 



. . 22,594,:{61 



. . 21,709,249 



used 



Cottonwood Popultia deltoldes 19.273.112 



Chestnut Caatanea dentatu 19,129,282 



DooRlas flr - Pseudotsiiya taxifoUa 10.997.500 



Cypress Taxodium sp 1.5,.')17,8,50 



White ash Fraxinus sp 14.8.59,505 



Basswood Tilia americana .... 



Birch Betula sp 



White elm IJlmua americana . . . 



Hemlocic Tauga canadensia . . . 



Silver maple ^cer aaccharinum . . 



Black walnut Juglana niora 



WestPrn yellow pine Piii«« ponderoaa 



Black a.i"h Fraxinus nigra 



Maho^nv 



Slippery elm Ulmus pubescens . . . 



12. 852.00:! 

 9.724,6."l 

 9,194.986 

 S.S10.209 

 7,108,260 



5,538,115 

 2.950,000 

 2. 807. 7.32 

 2,583.521 

 2,21,3.7.37 



Cotton fmm 



Cork elm 



Sycamore 



Spruce 



Norway pine 



. . . . yiisaa aquatica 1,7.80,000 



. . . . Ulmus racemosa 1 ,533,000 



Platanua occidentalis 1.439,287 



. . ..Picea sp 1,153,793 



. . . . Pinus reainosa 971,970 



Red cedar Juniperus virginiana . 



Black gura Kyssa ayUatica 



Western white pine Pinus monticola 



Cherry Prunus serotlna 



Loblolly pine Pinus taeda 



Willow f black) Salix nigra 



Sugar pine Pinus lamberliana. 



Western red cedar Thuja plicata 



Redwood Sequoia sp 



Buckeye Acaculus sp 



Sitka spruce Picea aitchensis 



Hackberry Celtis occidental's 



Locust (black) Rohinia pscudacacia 



Circassian walnut .luglans regia 



Spanish cedar Ccdrcia odorata 



Butternut Juglana cinerea 



Tamarack Larix laricina 



Applewood Piirus malus 



Mnlberrv Horua rubra 



Prima vera Tabebuia donnell-amithii.. 



Sassafras Sassafras sassafras 



Padouk Pterocarpus indicus 



Rosewood Dalbergia sp 



681,400 

 675,000 

 574.1.33 

 494,932 

 400,000 



400,000 

 250.000 

 245.000 

 187.000 

 127.338 



1 05.000 

 51.000 

 50.000 

 33,000 

 33,000 



2S.54fi 



23.000 



10,000 



5.000 



2.000 



718 

 .500 

 500 



annually 



Per cent 



16.78 



11.47 



10..35 



8.08 



7.58 



5.65 

 5.10 

 3.52 

 3,46 

 3.34 



2.9.5 

 2,93 

 2.61 

 2.38 

 2.28 



1,97 

 1,49 

 1.41 

 1..S5 

 1.09 



.85 

 .45 

 .44 

 .40 

 .34 



.27 

 .23 

 oo 



'.18 

 .15 



.10 

 .10 

 .09 

 .08 

 .06 



.06 

 .04 

 .04 

 .03 

 .02 



.02 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 

 .01 



652.21 7..593 



100.00 



.\verape 



cost per 



1,000 ft. 



$41.18 



21.61 



26.16 



24.67 



33.21 



4.3.27 

 38.35 

 32.71 

 18.79 

 28.40 



30.54 

 19.84 

 34.74 

 35.91 

 33.10 



24.75 

 26.64 

 20.37 

 19.58 

 24.44 



75.02 

 39.90 

 33.79 

 131.66 

 16.43 



19.50 

 36.60 

 19.70 

 36.01 

 27.36 



56.99 

 14.86 

 48.69 

 39.70 

 15.00 



10.00 

 70.40 

 27.86 

 32.86 

 22.25 



40.57 



10.24 



20.00 



193.18 



106.85 



65.61 

 25.00 



100.00 

 .30.00 



150.00 



20.89 

 400.00 

 200.00 



.'531.54 



Total cost 



f. 0. I). 



factory 

 $4,508.3011 

 1,617,215 

 1.767,075 

 1.299,527 

 1.641.114 



1„593,,544 



1,275,599 



750.202 



424.52!> 



618,995 



588,675 

 379.617 

 ,590.47." 

 557.1 Ofl 

 491,820 



318,127 

 259,072 

 187,346 

 172,506 

 173,751 



415,475 

 117,705 



96,889 

 340,145 



36.36:; 



34,716 

 56,104 

 28,,35S 

 41,551 

 26,597 



38.831 



9.894 



27,955 



19,651 



6,000 



4,000 

 17,600 

 6,825 

 6,145 

 2,833 



4,260 

 828 

 1,000 

 6,375 

 3,526 



1.873 

 575 



1,000 

 150 

 300 



15 

 200 

 100 



$20,568,570 



Crown in 

 Indiana 

 Feet b. m, 

 47,485..346 

 3,872,080 



21.012,818 



9.572,947 



8.017.119 



8,797,741 



14,058,601 



93,200 



2.069,100 

 143,000 



i'i',66n 



10.836,305 



,3,756,718 



176,500 



5,408,122 



' 3,898.636 



1,24.3,615 



' 1,767,626 



' i,V5'2,366 



493,000 

 909,443 



100 

 625,000 



'162,9.32 



500 



26,000 



8,546 



10,000 

 5,000 



146,873,289 



Orown out 

 of Indiana 

 Feet b. m. 

 61.982,285 

 70,955,4.50 

 67.53S.755 

 52.67:t,03J 

 28,399,409 



27,255.,500 

 25.245,290 

 14,140.652 

 7.!I35,7C0 

 21,706.049 



17.204.012 

 18.980.282 

 16.997. .500 

 15,506,850 

 4.023.200 



9,095,285 

 9,548,131 

 3,7.S6.S61 

 8.810,209 

 3,209,630 



4,294,.500 

 2,950,000 

 1,100,100 

 2.583,521 

 461,437 



1,780,000 

 1.040,000 



469,844 

 1,153,793 



971,970 



681 ..300 

 50,000 

 574,133 

 332,000 

 400.000 



400,000 

 250,000 

 245,000 

 187,000 

 126,838 



105.000 

 25.000 

 50,000 

 33,000 

 33,000 



20,000 

 23,000 



2,000 



718 

 500 

 500- 



505,344.304 



• I.csj Uian 1/100 of one per cent. 



