September 10, 1915. 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



17 



WHITE OAK 



All users of oak recognize two kinds, white and red; but the lists 

 compiled by botanists contain more than fifty. These are divided 

 nearly half and half between the white oak group and the red and 

 black oaks. The red and black oaks, as a commercial group, are 

 so designated because the wood has a reddish tinge, which white oaks, 

 as a rule, do not show. A good magnifying glass will assist in 

 distinguishing the groups by noting the shape, size, and number of 

 pores in the end of a smoothly cut cross-section showing a ring of 

 annual growth. The outer or dense part of the ring, called "sum- 

 merwood," should be examined. If the pores in that portion, when 

 seen under the glass, are very small and quite numerous, the wood 

 is one of the white oaks; but if large, few and open, the species is 

 one of the red or black oak. The forests of the irnit«d States con- 

 tain more than twenty white oaks and a number of them are found 

 in Indiana, all botanically distinguished by separate names in the 

 forest, but all going to the mill yard as white oak lumber. Included 

 in the white oak group are post oak, cow oak, swamp white oak, 

 bur oak, overcup oak, and chestnut oak. The most abundant tree 

 of the group is what is commonly called simply white oak {Quercus 

 alba). It probably still furnishes as much lumber as all other mem- 

 bers of the white oak group combined. Statistics which give the 

 country's cut of lumber do not separate the oaks, even in general 

 groups, but all is listed as oak. Not until the lumber reaches the 

 user is it separated into classes for statistical purposes, though saw- 

 mills generally pile white and red oak lumber separately. The pro- 

 duction of oak lumber in Indiana in 1913 amounted to 151,047,000 

 feet, but the proportion of white oak is not known. The total an- 

 nual shop and factory use in the state is placed at 158,879,858 feet, 

 of which 109,467,631 feet are white oak and 49,412,227 red. The 

 following table shows the apportionment of white oak among the 

 various industries of Indiana. Its largest use is for those products 

 requiring finishing qualities and attractive figure — furniture, planing 

 mill products or finish, flooring, casing, etc., sewing machines, and 

 chairs, while the second largest use is one requiring strength — vehicles 

 and cars. 



I'SES OF WHITE OAK 



Alarm till drawers 

 Automobile seat frames 

 Axle caps, manure spreaders 

 Axles, portable derrick 

 Baby jumpers 

 Back posts, chair 

 Backs, chair 

 Backs, church pew 

 Balusters, stair 

 Bodies, iuvenile automobiles 

 Band wheels, foundry 

 Basket parts 

 Bases, trolley pole 

 Beams, dining room ceiling 



Beams, launch 



Beams, row boat 



Beams, plow 



Beater bars, manure spreader 



Bed posts 



Beds, folding 



Beds, light delivery wagon 



Bedsteads 



Benches 



Benches, piano 



Blackboards, children's 



Bob sleds 



Bodies, truck 



Bodies, wagon 



Bolsters, freight car 



Bolsters, heavy wagon 



Bolsters, manure spreader 



Bottoms, boy's express wagon 



Bottoms, motor car 



Bottoms, motor truck 



Bottoms, wagon 



Bookcases, sectional 



Book racks, revolving 



Booths, telephone 



Bows, buggy top 



Bows, carriage top 



Bows, wagon top 



Boxes, dump wagon 



Boxes, wagon 



Braces, portable derrick 



Buffets 



Buffets, exterior work 



Buggy bottoms 



Bumpers, car 



Bumpers, locomotive 



Bureaus, exterior work 



Bureaus 



Cab repairs, locomotive 



Cabs, locomotive 



Cabinets, medicine 



C'abinets, music 



Cabinets, telephone 



Cabinet work 



Cabinet work, boat cabins 



Canvas slats (reapers) 



Canvas slats (mowers) 



Cars, freight 



Cars, passenger 



Car repairs 



Car repairs, electric 



I'arvid (irnaments, furniture 



Carving, launch 



Cases, carpet sweeper 



Cases, medicine 



Cases, piano 



Cases, wall 



Casing, door 



Casing, liitclien cabinet 



Casing, window 



(Casings 



Caskets 



*'askets, varnished 



Ceiling, bouse 



(^halr frames 



Chairs 



Chairs, dining 



Chairs, kitchen 



Chairs, morris 



Chairs, office 



Chairs, rocking 



Chests, tool 



Cheval mirrors 



Chiffoniers, exterior work 



China closets 



Clothes trees 



Columns, library table 



(Columns, parlor table 



Commodes 



Coolers 



Cooling rooms 



Corner posts, light delivery wagons 



Costumers 



Counters, store 



Cultivator parts 



Cultivator double trees 



(Cultivator single trees 



Davenport beds 



Desk chairs 



Desks, electric switchboard 



Desks, flat top 



Desks, ladies' 



Desks, roll top 



Desks, school 



Door frames, china closet 



Doors 



Doors, china closet 



Doors, kitchen cabinet 



Dowels 



Draw bars, car 



Drawer fronts, office fixtures 



Drawer sides 



Drays 



Dressers 



Drop gates, light vehicle wagon 



body 

 Elevators 



End panels, dresser 

 Ends, church pew 

 Ends, davenport 

 Eveners, harrow 

 Eveners, manure spreader 

 Felloes 



Felloes, automobile 

 Felloes, heavy vehicle 

 Filing cases, sectional 

 Finish, interior house 

 Finish, launch 

 Fishnet hoops 

 Fire doors 

 I'lxtures, bank 

 Fixtures, bar 

 Fixtures, barber shop 

 Fixtures, lighting 

 Fixtures, office 

 Fixtures, saloon 

 Fixtures, store 

 Flooring 



Flooring, automobile 

 Flooring, light delivery wagons 

 Foundry band wheels 

 Frames, agricultural implement 

 Frames, automobile bodies 

 Frames, automobile seat 

 Frames, bobsled 

 Frames, buffet 

 Frames, chiffonier 

 Frames, chiflforobe 

 Frames, cold storage door 

 Frames, china closet 

 Frames, couch 

 Frames, davenport 

 Frames, dump car 

 Frames, engine cab 

 Frames, freight car 

 Frames, grain separator 

 Frames, harrow 

 Frames, lounge 

 Frames, mirror 

 Frames, picture 

 Frames, .seeding machine 

 Frames, ship 

 Frames, surrey body 

 Frames, surrey canopy 

 Frames, threshing machine 

 Frames, upholstered furniture 

 Frames, wagon body 

 Freight cars 

 Fronts, china closet 

 Fronts, cupboard 

 Fronts, drawer 

 Fronts, dresser 

 Fronts, wardrobe 

 Furniture, bank 

 Furniture, dentist's 



TABLE 2. COXSCMPTIOX OF WHITE OAK 



Quantity used annually 



Industry — Feet b. m. Per cent 



Furniture .30,77.-!,140 28.11 



Vehicle and vehicle parts 20,37.'3.n22 18.61 



Planing mill products 13.952,369 12.7.5 



Sewing machines 10,251.250 9.36 



Chairs and chair stock 6,477,000 5.92 



Car construction 5,957.60."i .5.44 



Refrigerators and kitchen cabinets 5,721,7.86 5.23 



Boxes and crates 3,480,500 3.18 



Sash, doors, blinds, and general miilwork 3,085,600 2.82 



Agricultural implements." 2.797,650 2.56 



Plumbers' woodwork 1.094.000 1.00 



Woodenware and novelties 1.081,000 .99 



Handles •» 1,063,000 .97 



Fixtures 868.900 .79 



Ship and boat building 752,000 .69 



Caskets and coffins 494.000 .45 



Frames and molding, picture 233.000 .21 



Musical instruments 214.100 .19 



Saddles and harness 121.500 .11 



Laundry appliances 50,000 .0.5 



Machine construction 4.5.000 .04 



Plav^round equipment 3.5,000 .03 - 



EleVators 30.000 .03 



Dairymen's, poulterers', and apiarists' supplies 25,209 .02 



Pulleys and conveyors _0.000 .02 



Dowels „7.000 .01 



Miscellaneous 460,000 .42 



Total 109,467,631 100.00 



