October 10, lUlO. 



Continued from IsHue oj September 2j 



Hickory 



Hickory products iirc cut from linlf a ilozcii or more species, 

 among tliom sliellbnrk, sliiigbark, pignut, bittornut, and mockcrnut. 

 Hickory grows only in North America, and very little outside of tlic 

 eastern linlf of the United Stotes. The trees were originally obun- 

 dant in nearly all parts of the hardwood region, from New England 

 to Arkansas, but in many largo districts long and excessive cutting 

 has left little. Sixty per cent of the sawmill cut of this wood now 

 comes from the five states, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, and 

 Indiana, but over twenty other states contribute to the supply. The 

 country's hickory lumber output in 191.3 amounted to 162,980,000 

 feet; but it is known that large quantities of this wood reach shops 

 and factories without passing through sawmills. Bolts and billets 

 are cut in the woods and are sent directly to factories. Manufac- 

 turers in the United States use 389,604,531 feet of hickory yearly, 

 which is much more than the sawmills cut. 



Hickory is primarily a vehicle and handle wood but is employed 

 in many other capacities. It is one of the strongest, toughest woods 

 known. The best is that which grows rapidly, other things being 

 equal. Stock with broad annual rings is often called "second 

 growth," for the probable reason that hickory which comes on in 

 abandoned fields or on the open ground has broad growth rings. 

 Heart wood is reddish, sapwood white. For a long time prejudice 

 existed, and still exists to some extent, against heartwood or ' ' red 

 hickory ; ' ' but it has been proved by Forest Service tests that, weight 

 for weight, heart is as strong as sap. Upon the recommendation of 

 the Forest Service many large purchasers are today accepting ' ' red 

 hickory." Three-fourths of the hickory reported in Indiana comes 

 from other states, though some of the choicest stock-grows in Indiana 

 soil. The annual demand by different industries is shown in the 

 table which follows, and the qualities of the wood are indicated by 

 the fact that nearly ninety-six per cent of the total is taken by the 

 first two industries. 



TABLE 7. CONSUMPTION OP HICKORY 



ve- 



Im- 



and 



Industry. 

 Vehlcla and 



hide p.irts. 

 Agricultural 



plemcnts . , 

 Handles .... 

 Woodenware 



noveliics 



Sash, doors, blinds. 



and general mitl- 



work 



Chairs and chair 



stock 



Planing mill pdcts. 



Dowels 



Boxes and crates. . 



Furniture 



Car construction.. 

 Miscellaneous . . . . 



Quantity used 

 annually. 

 Feet b. m. % 



Av. cost Total cost 



per 

 1,000 ft. 



f. o. b. 

 factory. 



Grown Grown 



in Ind. out of Ind. 

 Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 



32.525,500 88.32 ?43.89 $1,427,609 7,704.000 24,821, 50C 



2,760.750 

 933.000 



150,000 



70,000 

 33,000 

 26,000 

 25,000 

 8.000 

 4.697 

 82,500 



7.50 

 2.53 



.19 

 .09 

 .07 



.or 



.02 

 .01 

 .22 



42.83 



28.98 



35.95 



38,33 



20.00 

 40.30 

 27.31 

 16.00 

 28.13 

 40.45 

 36.85 



118.240 

 27,040 



r,550 



730,750 

 639.001) 



160,000 



5,750 150,000 



1,400 

 1,330 

 710 

 400 

 225 

 100 

 3.040 



45.000 



23,000 

 1.000 



25.000 

 8.000 

 4.697 



82.500 



2,030.000 

 294,000 



2.''i.onn 



10.000 

 25,000 



Total 



30,828,447 100.00 $43.27 $1,593,544 9,572,947 



DSES 



Axle beds, buggies 



Axle beds, surreys 



Axles, wagon 



Baskets 



Brushes, fibre 



Caps, a.\le 



Chairs, rustic 



Cogs, flour njill machinery 



Cross bars, buggy shaft 



Cross bars, light vehicle 



Doubletrees 



Dowel pins 



Evencrs, buggy 



Eveners, carriage 



Eveners, w:igon 



Furniture, porch 



Furniture, rustic 



Gear parts, buggy 



Gear parts, carriage 



Gear parts, wagon 



Gear wtmds. Hour mill macbinerr 



Grain cradles 



Handles, adze 



Handles, axe 



Haniilcs. golf stick 



Handles, hammer 



Handles, hatchet 



Handles, pick 



Bandies, sledge hammer 



Hitches, grain drill 



—14— 



OF HICKORV 



Ladders 



Machinery, potato 



Neck yokes 



Neck yokes, light vehicle 



Neck yokes, wagon 



Pilot staves, locomotive 



Pitman rods 



Plugs, paper roll 



Poles, buggy 



Poles, light vehicle 



Racks, clothes 



Reaches, buggy 



Reaches, vehicle 



Rims 



Rims, automobile wheel 



Rims, bent 



Rims, vehicle wheel 



Rims, wheel 



Rounds, ladder 



Rounds, plow 



Screens, door 



Screens, window 



Screws, bookbinder 



Scytlie snaths 



Seats, rustic porch chair 



Shafts, buggy 



Shafts, veliiclc 



Singletrees 



Singletrees, light vehicles 



Singletrees, heavy vehicles 



Stretchers 

 Tilth, hay rnke 

 TungucH, light vehicle 

 'I'oniiUi'.s, wuguti 

 'ruriiings 

 Wlilcle stock 

 Wlieels, vehicle 



Spokes, nutomoblle 

 Spokes, buggy 

 Si)oke.-., iu'Hvy vehicle 

 SiKike.s, light delivery wiigou 

 Springs. Hour mill iiiticiilnery 

 S|irlug, yoKis, light delivery wngou 

 Stakes, delivery truck 

 Stakes, spring wugon 



Yellow I'di'Lar 



This wood is known as yellow poj>Iur, whitcwood, tulip poplar, or 

 simply as poplar. Whitewood is commonly heard in New England 

 and other northern states, and yellow poplar or jioplar elsewhere. 

 Botanists use the term tulip poplar, liut lumlicrnien seldom do. In the 

 Lake States and New Kngland the name jiopl.-ir refers to aspen, which 

 is a species of cottonwood not related to yellow pojdar. The annual 

 sawmill output of yellow poplar in the whole country amounted to 

 620,176,000 feet in 1913, and was supplied by over twenty states, 

 some of which, however, furnish little. West Virginia leads in pro- 

 duction, followed by Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. The range 

 of yellow poplar extends from southern New England to southern 

 Michigan, and thence southward nearly to the Gulf of Mexico. A 

 little is cut in Missouri, Arkansas, and Louisiana, which states mark 

 the tree's western limit. In early years some very large and fine 

 poplar timber grew in Indiana, but nearly a century of lumbering 

 has greatly lessened the supply. For certain factory purposes it 

 is a highly valuable wood. It possesses a fine grain, takes excellent 

 polish, paints as well as any wood in the market, and has good sea- 

 soning qualities. No wood surpasses it for fine carriage and automo- 

 bile bodies, and it has few rivals for panel work. These excellent 

 qualities are reflected in the uses to Which it is put in Indiana, as 

 shown by the following table. 



TABLE 8. CONSUMPTION OF TELLOW POPLAR 



Quantity used 

 annually. 

 Indusli'y. Feet b. m. % 

 Planing mill pdcts. 0.298.018 1S.94 

 Sewing machines.. 6,964,244 17.93 

 Boxes and crates. . 4,930,000 14.82 

 .Sash, doors, blinds, 

 and general mill- 

 work 3,203,300 



Vehicles and 



Av. cost 

 per 



1,000 ft. 



$38.57 



60.02 



10.49 



9.03 44.08 



Total cost 



f. o. b. 



factory. 



$ 242,929 



298,330 



81,315 



Grown 



in ind. 



Feet b. m. 



2,703.048 



11,000 



1,225,000 



Grown 



out of Ind. 



Feet b. m. 



3.505.000 



5.963.244 



3,706,000 



141,208 610.800 2,593,000 



Im- 



hicle parts 



Furniture . . 



.Agricultural 



plements 



.Musical in.'^trumts. 



Refrigerators and 

 kitchen cabinets. 



Car construction.. 



Caskets and coffins 



Elevators 



Machine construc- 

 tion 



Fixtures 



Frames and mold- 

 ing, picture .... 



Ship and boat 

 building 



Chairs and chair 

 stock 



Dairymen's, poulter. 

 ers' and apiarists' 

 supplies 



Woodenware and 

 novelties 



Playground equip- 

 ment 



Saddles and har- 

 ness 



Patterns and flasks 



Cigar boxes 



Miscellaneous .... 



3.027.718 

 2.841,700 



2,065.000 

 1,583,300 



1,027,542 



680.868 

 271.300 

 220,000 



130,000 

 103,500 



50,000 

 40,000 



35,339 



30,000 



25,000 



22.200 



7,000 



fi.'.'.IO 



634. .")00 



9.10 

 8.64 



6.21 

 4.70 



3.09 



2.05 



.82 



.66 



.39 

 .31 



.19 



.15 



.12 



.11 



.09 



.07 



.07 

 .02 

 .02 

 1.91 



65.04 

 29.13 



86.70 

 48.54 



28.62 

 63.91 ■ 

 44.95 

 29.55 



41.92 

 28.45 



30.54 



4.';. 00 



20.00 



10.84 



33.34 



30.00 



20.27 

 35.71 

 60.00 

 11.95 



100.048 

 82.788 



75.900 

 r6,857 



29.406 



36.704 



12.195 



0,500 



5,450 

 2.945 



2,375 



2,250. 



800 



595 



1,000 



750 



450 



250 



375 



7,580 



678,718 

 1,405.000 



405,000 

 100.000 



251,000 

 9.''>,014 

 40.000 



100,000 



15,500 

 26,000 



40,000 



36,339 

 10,000 

 26,000 

 20,000 



'ill, 666 



2,449,000 

 1,430,700 



1,600,000 

 1,423,300 



776,642 

 685,254 

 231,300 

 120,000 



130,000 

 88,000 



40,000 



50,000 



20,000 



2,200 

 7,000 

 6.260 



Total 



33,202,409 100.00 $38.35 



Baby carriage bottoms 



Baby walkers 



Backs, flxture 



Backs, piano 



Baskets 



Baskets, quart 



Beds, wagon 



Beveled, siding 



Blocks, brush 



Boards, ironing 



Bodies, automobile 



Bodies, buggy 



Bodies, carriage 



Bodies, Juvenile automobile 



Box shooks 



Boxes, berry 



Boxes, cheese 



Boxes, mailing 



Boxes, optical 



Bridges, piano 



$1,276,599 8.017,119 25,246,290 

 USES OF YELLOW l>OPLAR 



Buggies 

 Buggy boards 

 Cabinet work 

 Cab repairs, locomotive 

 Cabs, locomotive 

 Cars, passenger 

 Car repairs 

 Car repairs, electric 

 Cases, piano 

 Casing 



Casket molding 

 Chairs 



Checks, piano 

 Cheese supports 

 Cbcval mirrors 

 Children's vehicles 

 Cigar boxes 

 Coin trays 

 Columns 

 Columns, piano 



