8J2 



HOETICULTURE 



September 14, 1912 



I^OR 



HEWS STANDARD POTS 



99 



XJS... 



POT MAKERS FOR 140 YEARS 



WORLDS LARGEST MANUFACTURERS 



Pearson Street 

 LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AND DISCOUNTS 



A. H. HEWS & CO., Inc. 



Main Office and Factoriee 

 CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 



SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 

 Report of Entomologist. 



( ContinufLi from page jo8) 



Scale Insects. 



As is generally known, scale insects 

 form an important family, Coccidae, of 

 the order Hemiptera. The large num- 

 ber and wide geographical distribution 

 of scale insects, their variety of forms 

 and adaptation to conditions of life 

 and their economic relations have led 

 their discussion to form an important 

 part of our entomological literature, 

 both present and past. 



From earliest times, different 

 species of scale insects occurring 

 principally in tropical or semi-tropical 

 countries, threatening the very exist- 

 ence of certain cultivated plants are 

 recorded. The early outbreaks of scale 

 insects prevailing throughout the en- 

 tire orange, lemon and olive districts 

 along the shores of the Mediterranean, 

 attracted the attention of early nat- 

 uralists and stimulated their interest 

 in the group. 



Like conditions have existed from 

 time to time in this country, which 

 have led to the extended investigations 

 of certain species that have been con- 

 ducted in the past, and which are in 

 progress at this time. 



Scale insects depart most widely in 

 form and characteristics from the type 

 of insects included in the order. Not 

 only do they exhibit a wide degree of 

 similarity from others included in the 

 order, but they exhibit a remarkable 

 variety of forms and habits within the 

 family. 



As a whole, scale insects are dimin- 

 utive in size, — the largest native spe- 

 cies seldom exceeding an inch in 

 length or diameter. They attach them- 

 selves either to the bark, stem or leaves 

 of a plant, and will often be found on 

 fruit. They feed upon the plant in a 

 similar manner to other insects having 

 sucking mouth parts, by protruding 

 their beak into the plant tissue and 

 extracting its juices. When occurring 

 on leaves of plants, as is the case in 

 many species affecting greenhouse 

 plants, they usually attach themselves 

 to the underside and in most cases set- 

 tle along the mid-rib and larger nerve 

 bundles of the leaves, where they 

 would naturally secure the greatest 

 flow of sap. 



While the amount of sap or juice 

 extracted by a single insect is very 

 small, when multiplied by millions, it 

 greatly weakens the host. Like other 

 members of this order, some species of 

 scale insects excrete an excess of sap 

 in the form of "honey dew," which 

 accumulates in drops and spreads over 

 the bark or leaf as a sticky liquid. 

 This honey dew excretion serves as a 

 host for black fungii, which often in- 

 jures the foliage and fruit of plants. 



Life History of the Scale. 

 The life history of scale insects may 



be generally summarized as follows: 

 The eggs are laid by the adult female, 

 either immediately beneath her own 

 body or at its posterior extremity. A 

 few species bring forth living young. 

 The tiny young are active, six-legged, 

 mite-like creatures, which may crawl 

 over the tree or plant they infest tor 

 a short period, seldom extending over 

 a period of twenty-four hours. With 

 the exception of a few species, the 

 larvae settle and insert their beak 

 into plant tissue, and if an armoured 

 scale excretes a covering over its body. 

 They develop, as do other insects, by 

 molting. The female thus develops to 

 an adult and is a motionless, wingless, 

 and for all practical purposes, legless 

 and eyeless creature. Her body be- 

 comes swollen with eggs or young 

 and as soon as these are laid or born 

 she usually dies. 



The life history of the male in its 

 final stages is quite different from the 

 female. The male larvae when born 

 or hatched cannot be identified, — the 

 life history being practically parallel 

 until after the second molt. The male 

 scale transforms to a pupa and later 

 emerges as a two-winged insect with- 

 out a mouth. The function of the male 

 insect is simply to fertilize the female. 

 The number of generations annually 

 among scale insects and the number of 

 eggs laid or young produced by the 

 female varies so widely in different 

 species that no general statement can 

 be made. 



Scale insects are usually grouped un- 

 der two large classes, the armoured 

 and unarmoured species, or those that 

 excrete exuvi over their bodies, form- 

 ing a scale as a covering, and those 

 which are naked or have no separate 

 scale over their bodies. Both groups 

 are largely represented among those 

 species common on fruit and ornamen- 

 tal stock. 



Inasmuch as the remedy for many 

 of the scale insects are similar, to pre- 

 vent repetition it seems best to dis- 

 cuss the treatment of these pests as a 

 distinct subject rather than under in- 

 dividual species, except to indicate the 

 character of remedy. 



(To be continued.) 



BOSTON FLOWER EXCHANGE. 



At the meeting of the Boston Flower 

 Exchange, last Saturday evening, it 

 was voted by a decisive majority to 

 move from Park street to the site long 

 favored by many, on the south side of 

 Wintbrop square. The acquisition of 

 the lease of the new quarters has 

 not yet been accomplished and there 

 are many intricate questions to be set- 

 tied before the transfer is made, but 

 all this has been left to the board of 

 directors and the outlook is hopeful. 

 The new location is an ideal one in 

 all respects and all recognize that the 

 Exchange has long since outgrown the 

 restricted quarters on Park street. 



GREENHOUSES BUILDING OR CON- 

 TEMPLATED. 



New Britain, Ct. — A. Volz, chrysan- 

 themum house. 



Nashville, Tenn. — Mclntyre Bros., 

 range of houses. 



Seekonk, Mass. — John W. Peck & 

 Sons Co., one house. 



Toledo, Ohio — Clara K. Wisner, Del- 

 aware avenue, rebuilding. 



River Forest, III. — E. C. Waller, 

 three houses each 28 x 133. 



Summerdale, Pa. — Emil Leiache, 

 house 16 X lOtl, one 16 x 110. 



Minneapolis, Minn. — Park Depart- 

 ment, range of plant houses. 



Cleveland, Ohio — Henry von Lehin- 

 den, 288 Eddy road, one house. 



North Battleford, Sask., Canada — H. 

 J. Scrivener, one house, 10 x 25. 



Lowell, Mass. — W. E. Beach, Caster 

 and Lawrence streets, one house. 



Fresno, Cal. — Kirkman Nurseries, 

 range of greenhouses and oflSce build- 

 ing. 



Philadelphia, Pa. — John Weiland, 

 Wyoming avenue and Front street, 

 house 15 X 58. 



Manchester, Mass. — Axel Magnuson, 

 Vine street, house 30 x 100, office and 

 boiler house. He expects to move his 

 Bridge street business to this new lo- 

 cation. 



1000 REIADY PACKED CRATES 



STANDARD FLOWER PGTS AND BULB PANS 



<;iu he yhippcd at uu liour'-s iioticu. I'rice 

 per crate : 



eilCKI 1% in. @ $6.00 500 4 in. @ .$4.50 



l.imi 2 •■ " 4.SS 456 4V. " " 5.24 



1.500 214 " " 5.25 320 5 ' " " 4.51 



1500 214 " " 6.00 210 5V. " •' 3.7S 



1000 3 " " 5.(10 144 6 " " " 3.16 



SOO 3% •• " 5.S0 12(1 7 " " 4.20 



60 8 " '■ 3.00 



HILFINGER BROS., Pollsry, Fort Edward, N.Y. 



August Rolker & Sons, 31 Barclay St., N. Y. City, Agents 



OII» SPECKLTY— iMj Distance and export trail 



Syracuse Red Pots 



"A little pot is soon liot." lilsewise a tliln 

 *'"■ 7}"^ "■''! S'l^'e you fuel. Our pot.s are 

 tlie thinnest and tougliest owiuR to the 

 superior quality of the day. 



New price list on application. 



Syracuse Pottery Co., ^^I.^'v'!*^' 



Rustic Summer Houses, Arbirs 

 Rustic Manufxbirjng Co. 



150 Nassau St, New York City 

 Rustic Summer Houses* 

 Pergolas, Arbors, Fences, 

 Bridges and all Garden 

 Furniture built in themost 

 aitistic way. 



Send for catalogue. 



I— STANDARD FLOWER- 



If .rour si-eenhouses are within 500 miles | 

 of the Capitol, write us, we can sa 

 you monev. 



W. H. ERNEST 



■" 88th & M Sts. Washii^ton, D. C. 



