i6 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



Novrmlicr Id. lUiri 



: ..tfi /i.inii) which iproviH iiloiin thi> I'nrifli- i-oiml friiin Oiili 

 . Ill .\lii>kii, unci IK Uip liirt;<''*l »n«l iiiori- iiiiimrUut. Knj{l«'- 

 iiiHiiii ii|iriiiT {I'icea c-M.;rlm<iiiin) in I'liirlly n Uix-ky iiioiintnin nin'i-ipH. 

 Tho wooiU uf nil nri< very tiinillnr, with tlio i'xi-<-|.tion i)f Silkii Hpnu'o. 

 KollowiitK nro Uip mhow of rod Hprupo: hiM-omolivo oiilm. ■■(loliiit; 

 ruuinit, Inunch t>neino Iwnringn, iiioulmtorK. luolilinf;, rofriuoriitorn, 

 pinno Kfliindiiii; iKuirdit nml luitimlinK l>onr>l ribx, wiiidiiiillN. Sitkii 

 sipriico in iimhI for niillwork luid \»ml l)iiildiri|;. Tho tiililo whioh 

 folloKx shows whnt iiidiistrii's iii.-iko liirK<'sl iloiimiid upon thi) onstiTii 

 iiprorp. 



TABI.E 29 — tX)NBlI»IPTION OP «PUUrE 



gtitntliy unrcl Av. con Tninl com Crown 



tinnUAlly. 

 Kcrl b. ni. % 



(jri»wn 

 IHT f.ii.l). In Ind. out of Intl. 



l.OOO ft. fuciory. Pi'ot b. m. Feet b. m. 



ll37.1tOS Kl.Stl »34.ll7 



115,000 U.ST 40. To 



Airrlcullural I m • 



pipmrnll SO.OOO 4,33 40.00 



Datryincn'B. p«iul- 

 trriTB* nnti npl- 

 arlalii' nuppllpii. 2T.T0.'. 241 ■.•T.'J" 



Saah. tloora. MlniU 

 nn<l gcncml mill- 

 work I'O.OOtl 1.T3 4<l."<> 



Oar conilnictlon . . 3,000 .20 S.'i.00 



t 32.r.20 

 ft.STO 

 2.000 



-r.n 



ll3T.n»K 



it&.ooo 



.10.000 

 2T.71I.'. 



l'n,t)Mii 

 3,IJU0 



Tol«l 1,1,%3,708 100.00 $36.01 ( 41,nill 1,153,703 



Norway Pink 

 Formerly this wood was marketed as white pine in niixtiiro with 

 lunilxT of that species, and in government statistics of sawmill out- 

 put it is still listed with white pine. There is a disposition anions; 

 factories and yards to separate the two woods, and Indiana fac- 

 tories report the use of nearly a million feet of Korw.iy i)ine a year, 

 which is less than one-twentieth of the amount of white pine used 

 in tho state. Norway pine in the region of its growth is often called 

 red pine, a name referring to the re<ldish color of the liark. Through- 

 out its range it is associated with white pine; that is from New- 

 foundland to Minnesota, and .southward to .southern Pennsylvania, 

 northeastern Ohio and central Michigan. The average size of the 

 trees is smaller than white pine, and the trunks are not quite .so 

 straight. For many purposes it is the equal of white pine, and is 

 superior in a few; but it is not so soft, and the grain is coarser, 

 while the reddish color lowers its value in some industries. The 

 strength of the wood is indicated by the Indiana industries which 

 use it as indicated by the table below: 



TABLE 30 — CON.SL'MPTION OF NORWAY I'lNK 



Quantity used Av. cost Total cost (irown Grown 



annually. per f.o.b. In Ind. out of Ind. 



Feet b. m. % 1,000 ft. f.ictory. Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 

 Industry. 



Car conilrucllon. . 023.000 64.10 $28.02 »1T.830 023.000 

 Agricultural 1 m - 



plements 137.720 14.17 21.00 2.802 



Elevators 114.250 11.75 25.03 2,860 



Machine construc- 

 tion 90,000 9.26 ,12.00 2.880 .... 



Patterns and 



(tasks 5,000 ..M 15.00 75 



Tanks and silos.. 2,000 .21 .30.00 60 



137.T20 

 114.2.'.0 



iio.onn 



5.1100 

 2.000 



Total 



Bins 



Car reiiBlr" 

 Cars. frelEht 

 Cars, pnsscnpcr 

 Cuplio.Trds 

 Derricks 

 Hull'Ts. clover 

 Foundry flasks 



9T1.970 100.00 $2T.S6 $ 26..597 



t;.SES OF NORWAY ri.NE 



I.*Bs, portable derricks 



Locomotive cabs, repairs 



Masl.s, portable derricks 



Posts, freight elevator 



Tanks 



Ttireslilng machines 



Tool boxes, seeding mnchine 



Red Cedar 



Two kinds of red cedar are reported by Indiana factories, the east- 

 ern and the western. They are wholly distinct in genera, species, 

 range and character of wood, and are here separately considered. 

 The eastern red cedar {Junipcrus virginiana) occurs in most if not 

 .nil state-s east of tho Rocky Mountains, and clo.sely relatcii species 

 extend to the Pacific coast. This is the principal lead pencil cedar, 

 and of it most cedar chests are made. It supplies posts for thous- 

 ands of miles of fence, and has many other uses. It occurs in prob- 

 ably every county of Indiana, and is a shapely, conical tree which 

 is very apt to grow along fences, or on lines where fences formerly 

 stood. It is found on thin, stony land as well as where soil is good. 

 Growth is slow but the tree lives a long time. It is a favorite orna- 

 ment for farmhouse yards and rural roadways. Farmers frequently 

 call it sarin, others know it as juniper. Though it is found all over 

 the state, Indiana factories used only 100 feet of native-grown cedar 

 and nearly 700,000 feet from elsewhere. The quantity reported in 



the folliiuing liiblp for furniture was probably iiioHtly used in tho 

 ninniifacturiiig of clothes chest". This wood is iiR»>d for cIicnIs, can- 

 koln, clothfH closets, farm gatps, telephone lino Imixcs, wooden min- 

 nowa for fish bait. 



TAlll.K 31- ••ONhTMI'TlO.V OF HKI) i-KDAll 



Qunhtlty tiMrd Av. roffi Totnl i-t>»t tlrtiwn (irown 



annually. pi-r f.o.b. In Ind. out of Ind. 



Krct b. in. % 1,000 ft factory. Foct b, m. Fsrt b. m. 



InfluMirv 



I'm It 1 1 111 • 



oin.tHio 00.26 $.in.2T $ 3n.4,',o 



I 'IK AO.OnO 7.34 30 (M) 1.5INI 



vna 11,300 1.00 51.15 fiTh 

 I 1. d 



11. .>, .111.1. .. 5.00O .T3 OO.On 300 

 Mui-hlne ronstrui-- 



iliin in<i .01 3fl.(Hi S 



Total 



100 



100 



015.0041 



Ml, (ion 



II .'IIHI 



081 .SOO 



•IS1,400 lOO.INI f .'ill Ml $ 38.831 

 Bl-ACK ('.I'M 



In government statistics of lumber output, black gum is included 

 with tupelo. The tree has a wide range and is found from .Maine 

 to Floriila and west to Tcxna. It grows in all parts of Indiana, and 

 of the t57.'),000 feet annually used by factories in tho state, only 

 "i0,O00 feet came from outside regions. Kxcept willow, it is the 

 cheapest wood reported. It is extremely jdain, without attractive 

 figure or contrast of colors. Though only moderately hard, it is 

 tough, with fibers so int<>rlacod that splitting is nearly impossible 

 unless the wood be solidly frozen. One of its largtMft uses is as 

 wagon hubs. Its freedom from checks during tho process of season- 

 ing and its resistance to tendency to split afterwards, give it high 

 value as material for > large hubs. Its lack of adoquato hardness 

 is its principal drawback because spoke tenons arc liable to wear tho 

 hub mortises and enlarge them sufficiently to loosen the spokes. Rail 

 s])litters in the days of worm fences made more mauls of black gum 

 than of any other wood, and many arc still made of it. Five indus 

 trios employ the wood in amounts shown in the following table: 



TAHLE .12— COX.«rMPTION OF BI.AfK f.fM 

 Quantity URcd 



Industry. 



Boxes and crates. 



.Saddles and har- 

 ness 



Furniture 



Vehicles and ve- 

 hicle parts 



Miscellaneous .?.. 



annually. 

 Feet b. m. % 



Av. cost Total cost 



per 

 1,000 ft. 



f.o.b. 

 factory. 



Grown 

 in Ind. 



Grown 

 out of Ind. 



0.50,000 00.30 $14.34 $ 0.32 



Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 

 000.000 50,000 



S.OOO 

 5,000 



2.000 

 10.000 



1.18 

 .74 



.30 

 1.48 



14.00 

 37.00 



2.5.00 

 22. 50 



112 

 185 



8.000 

 5,00(1 



2.000 

 10.000 



Total 



Roxcs 



Hox sliooks 



Itoxes. trunk 



Crating 



Doors, music cnhlnet 



075,000 100.00 $14.60 $ 0,894 025.000 50, 



USES OP BI-ACK nCM 



Hcadlpg. fruit package 



Paper roll plugs 



Stereot.vpe boxes 



Tops, niuslc cabinet 



Tops, phonograph record cnMnel 



Wagons, repairing 

 Saddle trees 



I>oors, phonograph record cabinet 

 Drawer bottoms 



Western White Pine 



The principal commercial range of western white pine lies in 

 Idaho and Montana, It is often called Idaho white pine, and one 

 of its names is silver pine. It enters the Mississippi valley m.ar- 

 kets in large amounts, in direct competition with nortliern «hit<- 

 pine. The average cost of the latt«r at the Indiana factories is 

 $28.40, and of the western wood $48.69, the difference per thou.sand 

 feet being more than $20; but the comparison is hardly fair, because 

 the grades used are not the same. The tree grows with fair rapidity, 

 and under the i)rotcction given it on government land, and on most 

 of the large tracts privately owned, it promises to remain a valuable 

 resource. The wood is a satisfactory substitute for the white pine 

 of the North, in almost every situation. The largest trees are six 

 feet or more in diameter and 200 feet high, but the average size 

 is about the same as that of white pine in the Lake states. The 

 amount shipped to Indiana is absorbed by two industries, as follows: 

 554,1,^3 feet at an average cost of $48.fi4 by the manufacturers of 

 sash, doors, blinds and general millwork, and 20,000 feet costing an 

 average price of $50 by the manufacturers of planing mill products. 



Cherry 



Several species of cherry are found in this country, but only 

 one, the black or wild cherry, is important as a source of lumber. 

 It grows in all parts of Indiana, but not in large amounts, neither 

 are trees generally of large size. The tree's range extends from 

 Nova Scotia to North Dakota, and south to Texas and Florida. It 

 is one of America's finest cabinet woods. Its color gives it value, 

 and it finishes with a peculiar luster shown by no other known 

 wood. It is dense, hard, heavy and strong. The forest-grown tree 



