Novcmbor 10, 101," 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



19 



develops a trunk long and free of knots, but the open groiiml tree 

 is covered with limbs nearly to the base and is of little value for 

 lumber. Eleven Indiana industries report the use of the wood, 

 handles demanding more than any other single industry. A very 

 large part of this product is used for saw handles. Cherry is a 

 finishing and trimming wood, as an examination of the accompany- 

 ing table indicates. In view of its scarcity it could not be employed 

 in large quantities for any purpose; yet its average cost in this 

 state is surprisingly low, being less than $40. 



TABLE 33 — CONSUMPTION OP CHERRV 



Quantity u.sed Av. cost Total cost Grown Grown 



annually. per f,o,b. in Ind. out of Ind, 



Feet b. m. % 1,000 ft. factory. Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 

 Industry. 



Handles l.W.OOO 30.31 $40.00 .$ 0.000 150,000 



Planing mill pdtcs. 20.000 5.80 89.48 2.01.-1 in.OOO 10,000 

 Patterns and flasks 20,000 5.2.5 69.23 1,800 .1,000 21,000 

 Sash, doors, blinds 

 and general mill- 

 work 20,000 5.23 65.38 1.700 26,000 



Plumbers' wood- 

 work 13,000 3.03 39.00 585 15,000 



Vehicles and ve- 

 hicle parts 13.000 3.03 36.67 550 15,000 



Car construction.. 13,932 2.82 73.64 1.026 13.932 



Musical 1 n s t r II- 



ments 10,000 2.02 40.00 400 10,000 



Woodenware and 



novelties 5,000 1. 01 30.00 1.50 5,000 



Fixtures 3,000 .61 90.00 270 3,000 



Furniture 2.000 .40 77.50 155 1,000 l,iioil 



Miscellaneous 200,000 40.41 2.5.00 5.000 50,000 150.000 



Total 



494.932 100.00 ?39.70 $ 19,651 102,932 



332,000 



i;SE.S OP CHERKY 



Backing, electrotype 



Backing, engraver's work 



Bodies, automobile 



Cars, passenger 



Doors, car 



Finish, interior 



Fixtures, lighting 



Fixtures, store 



Flooring 



Flooring, parquetry 



Handles, handsaw 



Interior finish, cars 



Machine construction, flour null 



Molding, piano 

 Mountings, electrotype 

 Mountings, engraver s 

 Parquetry 

 Patterns 

 Racks, hat 

 Sash, electric cars 

 Sash, Pullnian coaches 

 Seats, water closet 

 Show cases 

 Tanks, water closet 

 Wood mosaic 



Loblolly Pine 



Much more loblolly pine is used in Indiana than the tables in 

 this bulletin show, because it is usually marketed under the com- 

 mercial name "shortleaf pine," which has been discussed previously. 

 One industry reported a quantity of yellow pine from Texas at so 

 low a price that made it appear to be loblolly and therefore that 

 quantity is so shown here. 



Loblolly is the most rapid grower of all the southern yellow pines. 

 Its range lies in the south Atlantic and Gulf states from New Jer- 

 sey to Texas. It extends inland a few hundred miles in places, 

 reaching eastern West Virginia, southern Tennessee, Arkansas, and 

 Oklahoma. In the subdivision of the yellow pines, it is classed with 

 the shortleaf group, but its needles are longer than those of the 

 common shortleaf pine (Pinjts ecJiinata). In yards and factories 

 loblolly lumber is not easily distinguished from shortleaf, though it 

 is usually of more rapid growth in the sapwood of large trees. Lob- 

 lolly pine is prone to spread rapidly into vacant spaces, particularly 

 if the ground is plowed or has been abandoned after long cultivation. 

 This is the pine which has taken possession of so many abandoned 

 plantations in tide water, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, 

 where saw timber is produced in forty or fifty years. The box in- 

 dustry in Indiana used all of the loblolly pine reported — 400,000 feet 

 - — at an average cost of $15, and no table is therefore necessary. 



Black Willow 

 Black willow (Salix nigra) is the only willow reported by factories 

 in Indiana. Black willow is one of the largest and most common of 

 the score of willows in the United States. Trunks have been known 

 to attain diameters exceeding four feet. The range extends from 

 Nova Scotia to Florida and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 

 ■wood is light in weight, tough, moderately strong, and extremely 

 plain in appearance. Indiana uses 400,000 feet a year, none of 

 which is state grown. The wood is the cheapest on the list of In- 

 diana's factory woods, its cost being only $10 a thousand feet. 

 This is because the entire amount is used by excelsior manufacturers 

 who purchase bolts at $5 per cord. The only industry table in this 

 bulletin listing willow is the miscellaneous table in which the manu- 

 facture of excelsior from several woods is included. 



Sugar Pine 



This is a fiue western tree of the white pine group. The principal 

 supply comes from California and the rest from Oregon. It is the 

 largest pine of the United States. The wood of sugar pine is a 

 little lighter in weight than northern white pine, likewise slightly 

 weaker. Its grain is coarse and straight, and in appearance the 

 wood when dressed ready for use is similar to northern white pine. 

 The large, clean trunks produce a high percentage of first-grade 

 lumber which is finding markets in many states east of the Rocky 

 Mountains, even Michigan, the home of white pine, using more than 

 2,000,000 feet of sugar pine a year, and Ohio twice as much. Only 

 the finest grades reach eastern markets, and the average price paid 

 in Indiana is $70.40. Manufacturers of sash, doors, blinds, and 

 general millwork used 200,000 feet, costing $68 per thousand feet, 

 while 50,000 feet w-ere used in making musical instruments, and 

 piano keys and cost $80 per thousand feet. 

 Western Eed Cedar 



This is a Pacific coast species. It ranges from Alaska to Cali- 

 fornia, and extends eastward to Montana and Idaho. It is the largest 

 cedar of the United States. Trunks six feet in diameter are not 

 unusual and some are much larger. The tree is at its best in the 

 moist climate of the northern coast where rainfall is heavy and the 

 summer heat is not excessive. Except in size, the tree bears much 

 resemblance to the northern white cedar, or arborvitas, of the Lake 

 states and farther east, but the western tree's wood is red. A com- 

 mon name for it is shingle cedar. More shingles are made of it 

 than of any other wood of this country. The shingles are shipped 

 to every important market of the T''nited States. The wood is dur- 

 able. 



If western red cedar shingles sold iu Indiana were taken into 

 consideration, the total of this wood used in the state would appear 

 much greater. Two hundred and forty thousand feet and at $28 

 per thousand feet were made into planing mill products, and 5,000 

 feet at $21 into sash, doors, blinds, and general millwork. Frames 

 for doors and windows probably constitute the largest demand upon 

 it. It is liked particularly for window and door sills which are 

 exposed to the ■neather and for siding. It is not only handsome in 

 appearance, but lasts a long time. It is light and is not strong. The 

 average price in the state is low, considering the long haul from 

 tlie Pacific coast. 



(To be continued) 



The Charter Oak Was a White Oak 



There has long been somewhat of a dispute regarding the species 

 of oak which sheltered Connecticut's charter at a very critical period 

 of our Colonial history. The tree was old and hollow on that memor- 

 able night of October 31, 1687, but it stood until blown dotni by 

 a furious storm in 1854. 



There are a number of oak trees in New England which are 

 reputed to be direct dest^endants from the Charter Oak, but curiously 

 enough some of them are red oaks and some white oaks. In Put- 

 nam park in Connecticut is a white oak which to all appearances is 

 not over twenty-five or thirty years old but it is labeled a ' ' chip of 

 the old block" and claimed to be from a Charter Oak acorn. Prob- 

 ably the wood of no other tree has been so eagerly sought after as 

 that of the Charter Oak and, if rumor is to be credited, there is enough 

 so-called Charter Oak material to make half a dozen sturdy oaks as 

 large as the original. It is evident that there has been a bit of 

 faking somewhere. 



It has been pretty generally agreed that the Charter Oak was a 

 white oak, but it appears that no one realized that the matter could 

 be definitely settled by an examination of an authentic piece of the 

 wood. Such specimens have been preserved in the State Library 

 Building at Hartford, and a recent inspection of them by a wood 

 technologist showed that there was no longer any reason to question 

 that the Charter Oak was a true white oak (Quercus alba). The feat- 

 ures distinguishing the two groups of oaks are so distinct and reliable 

 that to the careful observer with a good hand lens no cause for un- 

 certainty exists. (See Hardwood Record, Dec. 25, 1914, Page 23). 



