Novrmtirr 35, 1B15. 



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Ijjdianas Wood-Using Industries 



(Contmutd from tiotfmber lu luue) 



Ken WOOD 

 Thin trtc in Damrd on nrruunt of the color of iU wood. It U 

 of »lo«» i;ro*tl> »»'• long l''"'- Truriku oflon cxcccj ten foot in 

 diameter and nooic nrt> much more. Uodwoud 'h range ia cunflnvd 

 almoft entirely to Californin, a littlo (jrowinc in Oregon. The wood 

 ia nearly an light aa white pine, and weiiker and more brittle. It 

 ia valuable U-cauae of ita fine flniahing qualities. It i» difficult to 

 «ot on Are, and the Mnxe i» ennily extiiij;iiislied. This quality hng 

 made it jKJpular fur incubator*, whoro d.-iiijior from Are in usually 

 prenent. Few wood* fhow as great diffcreiico b<'twocu weights when 

 green and when dry. Mutt logs, when freshly cut, noiiietimes weigh 

 betwooii sixty and aoventy pounds per cubic foot, and the dry 

 wood weighs between twenty-six and thirty. The redwood lumber 

 oatput in 1913 amounted to 510,271,000 feet, all of which was cred- 

 ited to California. It is citremely handsome as a panel wood, 

 though it possesses no 6gure whatever. Kven the annual rings are 

 usually invisible on the surface of lumber. 



The following amounts of redwood at the average costs shown 

 are used by the Indiana industries named: Ploning mill products, 

 172,000 feet at $31.45; patterns, 10,000 feet at $50, and sash, doors, 

 blinds and general millwork, .5,000 feet at $47. The listed uses 

 are door frames, foundry patterns, house siding and window frames. 



Buckeye 

 Three well known species of buckeye occur in the United States, 

 only one of which, yellow buckeye (Aesculus octandra), is com- 

 monly cut for lumber. Its range lies along and west of the Appa- 

 lachian mountains from Pennsylvania to Georgia and west to Iowa 

 and Texas. It is occasionally called sweet buckeye without good 

 reason. Ohio buckeye {Acsculug glabra) ranges over much of the 

 same territory ns the other. The tree is smaller and of poorer form. 

 California buckeye {Aesculus oalifomica) is a Pacific coast tree. 

 The wood is light in color and weight, without figure, and some- 

 what deficient in strength. It is of rapid growth in good soil, but 

 fares poorly under adverse circumstances. Of the 127,338 feet of 

 buckeye used annually in Indiana only 500 feet are sawed from 

 state grown timber. The average price paid is $22.25. Box and 

 crate manufacturers used 63,619 feet at $22.20, and vehicle manu- 

 facturers 63,419 feet at $22.29. The reported uses are basket bot- 

 toms, boxes and crates, and vehicles. 



Sitka Specce 

 The fact that Sitka spruce comes from the extreme western part 

 of the country is probably the reason that manufacturers in Indiana 

 report it separately from the eastern spruce that reaches their fac- 

 tories. The trunks of the western species are larger than any in the 

 East, and more clear lumber can be cut. The average cost, laid 

 down at the Indiana factories, exceeds $40. Only two industries 

 employ it, and the total quantity is small. The largest demand 

 for it is west of the Rocky Mountains, where it is lumbered, but 

 markets arc extending eastward, and the annual use of 105,000 feet 

 in Indiana, though not a large quantity, indicates the trend of the 

 trade in Sitka spruce. The wood is specially valuable for doors and 

 sash. It is light in weight, works well and Rives little trouble on 

 account of warping and checking. One hundred thousand feet at 

 an average price of $40 were used in the sash, door, blind and 

 general millwork industry and 5,000 feet at $52 in making boats. 



Hackberry 

 Hackberrj- is not an important timber tree in the best of its 

 range, which is 500 miles south of Indiana. It is scattered over 

 nearly the whole United States, but only in widely separated areas 

 or as isolated trees here and there. It has been named "the 

 unknown tree," because it is so scarce iu many regions that when 

 a chance specimen is found the people who see it can not ascertain 

 the name. The wood is similar to but weaker than ash, although 

 strong enough for handles for rakes and other farm tools for which 

 it is frcquentiv nsfd The tot.-il reported ute per year in the United 



—16— 



States ia only 1,12R,000 feet, of which S1,000 feet arc cri.iiti .i tu In- 

 diana. About half of it la otati' grown. In Indiana the box manu- 

 facturers unc 25,000 fit't ut $111, furniture manufacturers 22,000 feet 

 at $22, and manufacturers of Miah, doors, blin<la and general mill- 

 work 6,000 feet at $23. It iK used for basket*, box ahooks, crating, 

 davenport frames and millwork. 



Locust 



This trco is often designated as black or yellow locust It is not 

 important as a source of lumber, but is valuable for buggy hubs, 

 wooden pins for ship builders and brackets and pins for telephone 

 and telegraph lines. Locust is one of the hardest, strongest, stiffest 

 and most duriible of American woods. No better wood for fence 

 posts grows in the United States. A single industry reports the 

 use of this wood in Indiana. The whole of the 50,000 feet a year 

 was made into vehicle hubs. The average price paid was $20 a 

 thousand feet or $10 a cord for bolts. None of it grew in the state. 

 Circassian Walnut 



Circassian walnut is imported from Turkey and southern Russia, 

 and comes from the trco which bears the nuts known as Knglish 

 walnuts. The pleasing figure of the wood is the principal clement of 

 value. The figure is not dependent on rings of annual growth. Red 

 gum sometimes has a figure quite similar, though not so conspicuous 

 in the contrasts. This gum is one of the most successful imitations 

 of Circassian walnut, because of this figure; yet the absence of large 

 pores from the gum and their presence in the walnut usually afford 

 means of distinguishing one wood from the other. Circassian wal- 

 nut's color is a blending of brown and yellow, but each is quite 

 subdued in its tone. The figures incline to a darker brown, but 

 there is abundant variety. The annual use of this wood in the 

 United States amounts to 1.744,779 feet, of which Indiana usis 

 33,000, divided among four industries as follows: Furniture, 30,5'»ii 

 feet at $186.07; fixtures, 1,000 feet at $300; picture frames, 1,000 

 feet at $300, and miscellaneous (used in making carpet sweepers). 

 500 feet at $200. 



DSE8 OF CmCASSIAN WALNOT 



Beds, exterior work Fixtures 



Bureaus, exterior work Frames, picture 



Cabinets, flilog Molding, picture 



rases r.nnels, bedstead 



Caskets rands, carjiet sweeper cases 



Spanish Cedar 



Spanish cedar comes from Mexico and the West Indies. The 

 yearly use of the wood in the United States amounts to more than 

 29,000,000 feet, nearly all of which is made into cigar boxes. Next 

 to mahogany it is the most extensively imported foreign wood. No 

 other amounts to one-half as much. Indiana uses 33,000 feet a 

 year, and an average price of $106.85 is paid for it delivered at 

 the factories. That exceeds four times the average price iiaid by 

 cigar factories in Florida. They buy their Spanish cedar for $24.95, 

 but buy it in the log, while in Indiana it is usually purchased in 

 the form of thin veneer. Aside from its attractive color, Spanish 

 cedar owes its chief value as a cigar box wood to its odor. The 

 whole of that reported for Indiana was made into cigar boxes. 



Butternut 



The sawmill output of butternut in the United States is small. 

 The tree's form and size do not appeal to lumbermen; besides, when 

 it occupies fairly open gro\iiid, the nuts it bears are more valuable 

 than the lumber that may be cut from the trunk. The wood is 

 light and weak, and it is very porous. The heartwood is a soft 

 brown, with enough difference between the tones of the outer and 

 inner portions of the yearly rings to produce a figure in finished 

 stock. Butternut is one of the substitutes for Circassian walnut, 

 but it is a poor imitation. The imitation is assisted by the butter- 

 nut's pores, which resemble those of Circassian walnut. Butternut 

 is used in Indiana as follows and purchased at the average costs 

 indicated: Patterns, 20,000 feet at $75; planing mill products, 5,000 

 feet at $40; sash, doors, blinds and general millwork, 2,700 feet at 



