November 25, 1915. 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



17 



$16.48, and cars, 300 feet at $80. 



DSES OF BUTTERNDT 



Cabinet work Exterior mlllwork 



Cars 

 Cbair seats 

 Doors 



Finish 

 Interior mlllwork 

 Patterns 

 Tamarack 



Tamarack is chiefly a northern tree, but it grows sparingly in 

 northern Indiana, though little of it is cut for lumber in the 

 state. Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan are the largest pro- 

 ducers, though it occurs in the northern states from Minnesota to 

 Maine. It is strong and is suitable for frames and building tim- 

 bers, but the tree's small size prevents the sawing of largo timbers. 

 The wood is plain, the annual rings narrow an<i the color light and 

 monotonous. While it is a needleleaf tree, it is not an evergreen. 

 Like the cypress, it sheds its foliage in autumn. Car tniilders are 

 the only users of this wood in the state. The price paid is recorded 

 at $25, and the annual demand is 23,000 feet. 



Applewood 



The apple tree is valuable for fruit rather than lumber, yet more 

 than 300,000 feet are used annually by factories in the United States. 

 Indiana uses only 10,000 feet, the whole of which is cut from old 

 orchards in the state and all used by one industry. Tlie wood is 

 dense, hard, heavy and receives a smooth polish. The heartwood is 

 reddish and is generally the only part used. The price at the fac- 

 tory in Indiana is $100 per thousand feet, and the entire amount 

 used in the state — 10,000 feet — was made into saw handles. 



Mulberry 



Bed mulberry is not a fruit tree that has escaped from cultiva- 

 tion, as some have supposed who have observed it growing on the 

 margins of fields and on abandoned farms. It is as much a forest 

 tree as any other and was here when America was discovered. It 

 produces wood which has a rich reddish color and possesses consider- 

 able figure, due to contrasts in the annual rings. Much is cut for 

 fence posts, of which statistics seldom take account. The annual 

 use of mulberry wood in Indiana totals only 5,000 feet, which costs 

 $30 a thousand and is all used by manufacturers of planing mill 

 products. 



Prima Vera 



Prima vera is known likewise as white mahogany and jenisero. 

 It has a grain like mahogany, but not its color. The latter is pale 

 yellowish, more like the color of maple. The wood entered the 

 market somewhat recently and appeared in New York, Cincinnati and 

 San Francisco about the same time. Its introduction to the world was 

 somewhat unusual, because factories were using it before botanists 

 knew of its existence. Its range lies in southern Mexico and in 

 Central America, chiefly on the Pacific side. The yearly use in the 

 United States is 380,568 feet, according to factory reports. The 

 average price per thousand feet in Indiana is $150, while the aver- 

 age cost of mahogany is $131.66. Prima vera is used in Indiana 

 only by the manufacturers of sash, doors, blinds and general mill- 

 work to the extent of 2,000 feet annually. The specific uses under 

 which it is listed are parquetry and wood mosaic. 



Sassafras 



Sassafras is found from Massachusetts to Texas, but perhaps the 

 most frequent occurrence of large timber is in Missouri, Kentucky, 

 Arkansas and the surrounding region. The amount used for fac- 

 tory purposes in the United States is reported to be 360,000 feet a 

 year. The tree is best known through the use made of its bark 

 and flowers for domestic tea which is in demand principally in early 

 spring. Bark from the roots is preferred. Oil of sassafras, valu- 

 able for soap making, is extracted by steam distillation of the root 

 bark. The small quantity — 718 feet — reported for use in Indiana 

 was bought by makers of caskets and cofiins at $20.89 a thousand. 



Padodk 

 This fine cabinet wood is often called vermillion because of its 

 color. It comes from the Philippine Islands and neighboring regions 

 of the East Indies. The wood is strong and hard and is valuable 

 on account of its color. The total annual dqpiand for the whole 

 country is placed at 1,386,530 feet. The demand— 500 feet— for it is 

 small in Indiana, and that small supply costs $400 per thousand 

 feet, which makes it the most expensive wood reported in the state. 



That price is considerably above what is usually paid for it in 

 other markets. Manufacturers of fixtures only used it in Indiana. 



RosEvrooD 



Rosewood is a name applied to several kinds of wood, none of 

 which grows in the United States. The most frequent reference is 

 to some species of dalbergia from Brazil. Statistics give the annual 

 use of rose.wood in this country at 471,734 feet. The 500 feet 

 imported into Indiana are made into carpet sweepers (miscellaneous 

 table) and the cost is $200 a thousand feet. 



INDIANA WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES 



Table 34 contains a summary by industries of the uses of wood 

 in Indiana. It shows the quantity consumed in the period of one 

 year by each of the industries, the average prices paid for the wood 

 delivered at the factories, the total cost and the amount of the 

 material grown in the state and the part brought in from outside 

 regions. Thirty industries are separately shown, in addition to a 

 group of small industries or isolated uses represented as "miscella- 

 neous." An industry, as considered in this report, is a line of 

 manufacture in the state in which more than two manufacturers are 

 represented. Otherwise, the publication of the figures would reveal 

 individual operations. 



The wood-using industries of Indiana are taken up one by one in 

 this report, with a table and a discussion relating to each. 



TABLE 34.— SUM.MARY BY INDUSTRIES OF WOODS USED IN INDIANA 



Quantity uafeU Av. cost Total cost Grown Grown 



annually. per f.o.b. in Ind. out of Ind. 



Industry. Feet b. m. % l.flOO ft. factory. Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 



Furniture 99,540,812 15.20 »29.05 $2,891,282 32.450,972 67,08«,84O 



Vehicle's Jinci Vohi- 



cle parts 90.643,787 13.90 43.86 .3,975,640 23,401,292 67,242.495 



Boxes and crates. 85,653,410 13.13 16.39 1,403,559 15,486,450 70,166.960 



Planine mill prod- 

 ucts ... 73.217,123 11.23 33.33 2.440,556 14,635.388 58.581,735 



Car construction. 59.098,316 9.06 30.63 1,810,369 4,295,029 54,803,287 



Sash, doors, blinds 



ml'llTTOrk" '^. ^^ . 39,836.933 C.ll 33.35 1,328,641 2.761,600 37,075,333 



Sewing machines. 31,110,527 4.77 49.36 1,535,612 4,303,065 26,807,402 

 Rpf ri £^ri t ors iincl 



kitchen cabinets 27..'i82.880 4.23 28.80 794.268 4,092,356 23.490,524 



Tanks and silos.. 26.277,000 4.03 30.57 803,210 20,277,000 



■^'pVraiem?. .."!' 24.028.915 3.68 35.97 864.382 5,780,250 18.248,665 



Handles 16.786,591 2.57 28.95 485,925 12,832,591 3,954,000 



^'Ito'ck ".".''. ^*'^"^ 16,!-,69.195 2..54 27.45 454,808 11,047,521 5.521.674 



Caskets and coffins 11,366,368 1.74 25.85 . 293.822 379,000 10.987,368 



^'m'e'ms'".^.!.'^."' 11,117,400 1.71 36.59 406,839 2,208,500 8,908,900 



^noveuTe"! . .^.". . 5,597,600 .86 28.05 156,995 1,987,000 3,610,600- 



'""v'eyors*".'^. .?""' 5,526,000 .85 23.24 128,421 1,546.000 3.980,000 



'''me'^nt"".""^. ^!'.".'!'." 2,897,000 .44 20.66 59,850 2,062,000 835,000 



^''ln?.*'pfc"tur'?.°.'''.' 2.870,000 .44 26.00 74,634 135,000 2,735,000 



^"nelss ^ ^.".''. .^^1"' 2.844,300 .44 21.99 82,532 1,668,000 1,176,300 



^ wTr'k "'. . ?^°°^' 2.442,000 .37 36.31 88.664 127,000 2,315.000 



Fixtures 2,224,200 .34 37.11 82,533 929,800 1,294,400 



''?ion°'.'.°."."'".".' 1,530,600 .24 31.04' 47,514 305,600 1,225.000 



^'bSildlSg ^.°.!'.^. 1,462,000 .22 33.58 49,095 176,000 1,286,000 



^ DUances * ^ " " 1 425 000 .22 29.69 42.310 510,000 915,000 



Ei^vaTo's'. :::::: 1:357.312 .21 2S.15 38.213 100,000 1.257,312 



Dowels 473,000 .07 27.21 12,870 158.000 315,000 



^flaVkl''"'' ''"'^ "71508 04 60.65 16,467 10.000 261,508 



Gatfs and' fencing 176:350 :03 35.61 6:280 10,000 166.350 



Cigar boxes 128,750 .02 69.50 8,948 128,750 



Dairymen's, poul- 

 terers' and api- „ ^__ „„ „^„ „_ «,, 

 arists' supplies 127,889 .02 20.38 ,„2.607 62.o48 «5.341 

 Miscellaneous ... 8.034.827 1.23 25.11 201, i30 3,412.32. 4,622,500 



Total .652,217,593 lOOOO $3l54 $20,568,576 146.873,289 505,344,304 



Furniture 



Furniture manufacturers in the state report the use of twenty- 

 nine woods, with a total annual supply slightly under 100,000,000 

 feet which cost, delivered at the factories, $2,891,282. The average 

 price paid is $29.05; the highest, $186.07, for Circassian walnut, 

 the lowest. $19.06, for shortleaf pine. Forty-four per cent of all 

 wood going into this industry is oak, of which more than two-thirds 

 is white oak and less than one-third red oak. The oaks are thus 

 seen to be the predominant furniture woods of Indiana. They are 

 even more predominant in value than in quantity, for slightly more 

 than one-half of all the money paid by Indiana furniture makers 

 for lumber is paid for oak. The average cost of white oak is $4.33 a 

 thousand feet more than red. 



Red gum is next to white oak in quantity used, but the average 

 cost is nearly $15 a thousand less. The use of the oaks is pretty 

 evenly divided between that grown in the state and in outside regions, 



