18 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



January Id, IHKl 



JoM'ph I.BV Co.. Itldsorllle 



OUv.T I'lilllcJ IMow Work*. South 



ll.nd 

 Routli Ilond Ouwcl Works, South 



lU-ni\ 

 South n<>nil Tov MfK. Oo . South 



U«nd 



T.rrr llnutf llnndle Co., Torre 



llniili' 

 S. A. IlKWiiinn. WBIorloo 

 r. I,. Slornia Novelty I'o., Wlnchm- 



Irr 



CUAIRS 



There are inJustriiil differences which net the miinufncturo of 

 chairs opart in a chiiw fnirly distinct from other kimls of furniture. 

 The chair factory frequently makes nothinf; but chnirg. It is equipped 

 with machinery for that iiuriMis^e only. Further the chair factory 

 draws a part of its supplies from chair stock mills which are usually 

 located on forest tracts or woodlots, while the factory is at some 

 central )>oint. There are many chair factories and chair stock mills, 

 but there ore few furniture stock mills to supply the furniture factory 

 with partly manufactured dimension stock. The chair stock mill is 

 usually small and may be moved from place to place to be near raw 

 material. Its machinery consists of saws to cut lops into flitches, or 

 to cross-cut them into bolts; and there are saws for cutting out the 

 squares, and the dimension stock for backs, bottoms and rockers. 

 The output is shipped to the factory where the spindles, dowels, posts 

 and other stock for turning are passed through lathes, and the squares 

 and other angular pieces are polished and finished for assembling. 

 When the chair has been set up it is ready for oiling, varnishing or 

 painting. One factory may absorb the output of a score of stock 

 mills dispersed through an extensive region. Statistics in this and 

 similar bulletins are so compiled that chair stock reported by mills 

 is eliminated from reports of factories, and duplication thus avoided. 



The state supplies two-thirds of the material reported by chair 

 factories within its borders. It furnishes all of the bjtternut, ash 

 and yellow poplar. In all, sixteen woods are used, mahogany being the 

 only one from foreign countries. Every other is native of the state. 

 The chair industry in Indiana, though large, is exceeded by that of 

 several other states, as the following figures of yearly production of 

 chairs and chair stock show: Wisconsin, 50,201,000 feet; North Caro- 

 lina, 47,325,000 feet; Pennsylvania, 33,117,000 feet; New York, 21,- 

 «12,000 feet; Indiana, 16,569,195 feet. The total output for the 

 United States is 289,790,560 feet a year. 



TABLE 46 — CHAIRS 



Mahofrany 



Hickory 



■White ash . . . 

 Yellow poplar. 

 Basswood . . . . 

 Black aeh . . . 

 Buttornul . . . ■ 



Avcragf 

 Quantity used annually coat Total cost 

 Per per 

 cent. l.OOO ft 

 89.09 13-1.71 



21.0.1 



15.85 



7.13 



6.94 



3.98 



1.79 



1.14 



.60 



.45 



.42 



.30 



.24 



.23 



.10 



Kind of wood Feet b. m. 



White oak 6,477,000 



Beech 3.688,703 



Sugar maple 2,625,570 



Red gum 1,182,080 



Red oak 1,150,000 



■White elm 650.086 



Sycamore 296.344 



Birch 188.528 



Silver maple 100,000 



75,000 

 70,000 

 50,000 

 40,000 

 37.838 

 31,000 

 546 



17.19 

 20 00 

 20.97 

 29.30 

 22.06 

 19.51 

 20.32 

 21.60 

 100.00 

 20.00 

 35.00 

 20.00 

 19.34 

 30.10 

 10.48 



f. o. b. 



factory 



I 224,843 



61,000 



09.990 



24,794 



33,700 



14.938 



6,781 



3.830 



2,1.00 



7.500 



1,400 



1,750 



800 



722 



935 



Grown In Grown out 

 Indiana of Indiana 



Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 

 5.561,000 920,000 



2,520,703 

 1,110,570 

 417,080 

 750.000 

 345,022 

 105,000 



75,000 



45,000 

 60,000 

 40,000 



1,000,000 



1,515,000 



705,000 



400,000 



313,404 



191.344 



188,528 



25,000 



75,000 



25,000 



31,000 

 546 



37,338 



Total 10,569,195 100.00 127.45 I 454,808 11,047,521 5,521,874 



MANfFACTCBEnS OF CHAIBS AXD CHAIB STOCK 



Oco. W. Harper, Mooresvllle 

 Wayne Chair Co., Now Haven 

 Peahody School Furniture Co., 



North M.Tnchcster 

 Peru Chair Co., Peru 

 Ulchmond Chair Co., Richmond 

 Sovniour Choir Co., Seymour 

 Soiith Bend Toy Mfg. Co., South 



Be ml 

 .John StlKleman Mfg. Co., Splceland 

 Chair Makers' Union. Tell City 

 Fischer Chair Co,, Tell City 



Faucett Mfg. Co., Bloomflcld 



Standard Nffg. Co., Cambridge City 



Cochran Chnfr Co., Cochran 



Buehner Chair Co., EvansvlUe 



Crown Chair Co., EvansvlUe 



Edward 0. Smith Chair Co., Evans- 

 vlUe 



Chicago Lounge Co., Hammond 



Indianapolis Chair & Furnlttire Co., 

 Indianapolis 



Plel Bros. Mfg. Co., IndlananoHa 



Butler Stool & Bench Co., Marion 



O. H. Keller Chair Co., Marlon 



Caskets and Coffins 

 As far as existing records show, the making of coflBns was one of the 

 earliest wood-using industries in the world. Some of the articles 

 themselves of that remote period have come down to the present time 

 and show the handiwork of the ancients. It is noteworthy that the 

 wooden cases in which the ancient Egyptians laid away their dead 

 have survived the flight of centuries, while the houses in which the 

 people lived in that early age have totally disappeared. The oldest 

 coffins still in existence were made of cedar of Lebanon and oriental 

 sycamore. A deeply implanted instinct in the human race has always 



led to the care and thought in laying the dead away in tlioir last 

 rest. In the United Slates more than l.'JO,000,000 fwt of wood nro used 

 yearly for coflins and caskets. The manufacture of these articles has 

 become an industry largely carried on in cities. Korinerly tliere was 

 no such industry in this country, but every community provided its 

 own coflins as they were needed, and local carpenters and cabinet 

 makers did the work. About the only preparation in advnnco to meet 

 the neighborhood demand was the laying aside of a few suitable 

 boards by the local carpenter who was usually called from his other 

 work to make the coffin when death visited the community. That 

 has all been clianged. Few villages and country places are so re- 

 mote now that coffins from city factories can not bo procured when 

 needed. 



The use of the word "coffin" is being gradually abandoned and 

 "casket" is taking its place. There appears to be no generally 

 .tccepted distinction between the meanings of the two words; but 

 some would restrict the name coffin to the older form of burial case, 

 narrow at the ends and wide in the middle. The term ' ' coffin shape ' ' 

 is based on that idea. This form of burial case has nearly passed 

 from use in this country. 



The burial box, that is, the rough outer case in which the casket 

 is shipped, is part of the industry. As much wood is consumed in 

 making these boxes as in the manufacture of caskets. The lending 

 wood used in Indiana is white pine, and nearly all of it is for burial 

 boxes. The species most in demand for caskets is chestnut. It is 

 the shell and core upon which outside wood veneers of oak and 

 mahogany are glued. Chestnut is sometimes the outer wood and is 

 then covered with cloth. The grade known as ' ' sound wormy ' ' is 

 preferred for this use. It is perforated with small worm holes which 

 are bored by the insects while the tree is still growing. Its strength 

 is slightly lowered, but otherwise the wood is undamaged when used 

 in concealed situations; but for outside finish, the worm holes mar 

 its appearance. 



Caskets are classified as cloth covered, varnished, and finished. In 

 the first the wood is not visible, in the second it is stained and var- 

 nished, and though visible, its color and grain have been more or less 

 modified, and it is not always easy to recognize the species of wood 

 through the disguise which has been applied as finish. Woods like 

 oak and mahogany are finished to show grain and figure. 



The red cedar listed in Table 47 was made into cloth-covered 

 caskets. Yellow poplar and basswood are converted into molding, 

 and are likewise employed as shells or cores over which to lay veneers. 

 Poplar is sometimes an outside wood, and may be finished to imitate 

 cherry or mahogany. 



TABLE 47 — CASKETS AND COFFINS 



Kind of wood 



■White pine 



Chestnut 



■White oak 



Yellow poplar.. 



Red oak 



Cypress 



Red gum 



Mahogany .... 



Bapswood 



Red cedar .... 

 Sassafras 



Quantity used annually 

 Per 

 cent. 

 40.12 

 48.27 

 4.34 

 2.39 

 1.32 



Foet b. m. 



5,242.250 



4,917.800 



494,000 



271.. 100 



160,000 



105,000 



100,000 



57,000 



17,000 



11,800 



718 



.88 

 .60 

 .15 

 .10 

 .01 



Averag 

 cost 

 per 



1.000 ft. 



$24 33 

 19.76 

 69.76 

 44.95 

 68.27 

 18.10 

 24.25 



110.82 

 29.12 

 61.15 

 20.89 



Total cost 

 f. o. b. 

 factory 



Grown In Grown out 

 Indiana of Indiana 



548 



97,141 



34.456 



12.196 



10.240 



1,000 



2,425 



8,880 



495 



678 



IS 



Fe«t b, m. 



324,000 

 40,000 

 15,000 



Total 11.306,368 100.00 »25.85 ( 293,822 379,000 



UANLFACTLKEBS OF CASKETS AND COFFINS 



Angola Casket Mfg. Co., Angola 

 .\urora CoOin Co.. Aurora 

 BatesvlUe Casket Co., Batesvllle 

 Enterprise Casket Co., Batesvllle 

 American Casket Co., Cambridge 



Cltv 

 Cambridge City Casket Co., Cam- 

 bridge City 

 Paul Casket Co., Cambridge City 

 CrawfordsvlUe Wire Bound Box 



Co., CrawfordsvlUe 

 EvansvlUe Coffin Co., EvansvlUe 



Feet b. m. 



6.242.260 



4,917,800 



170,000 



281,800 



136,000 



106,000 



100,000 



57,000 



17,000 



11,300 



718 



10,987,868 



Indlan- 



Indlanapolls Casket Co., 



apolls 

 TrI-State Casket Co.. KendallvlUe 

 Ohio Valley Coffin Co., Lawrence- 

 burg 

 Munclc Casket Co., Muncle 

 New Castle Casket Co., New Castle 

 .1. M. Hutton * Co., Richmond 

 Richmond Casket Co., Ulchmond 

 Watt * Keeler, Richmond 

 Torre Haute Casket Co., Tcrre 

 Haute 



Musical Instruments 

 Indiana manufacturers of musical instruments use twenty-two 

 woods, the five of greatest importance, named in order, are chestnut, 

 sugar maple, yellow poplar, white elm, and red gum. The importance 

 of a w-ood is not always indicated by the quantity demanded. Spruce 

 is practically indispensable in the manufacture of pianos, yet this wood 



