January 10, 1916 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



19 



amounts to only 1 per cent of the total, and eleven others are de- 

 niaiulcil in larger quantities. It.? importance is due to its superiority 

 for sounding boards. No other wood has yet been found to take 

 its place. It is quite probable that many sounding boards already 

 made up were purchased by Indiana manufacturers. 



Chestnut leads all other woods in Indiana. Small quantities are 

 worked as outside material, but most serve as cores or backing for 

 veneers. In high-grade pianos the choice for cores is chestnut or 

 yellow poplar. Cheap instruments are built of other woods for cores. 

 The damage to be most carefully guarded against in wide panels, 

 like piano tops, is the warping of the core. A small twist will 

 spoil a valuable panel. Careful seasoning is highly essential, but 

 even when that has been properly attended to, broad panels and 

 thick stock may warp after the shaping and dressing are done. 



Pianos are the principal items in the list of musical instruments 

 made in Indiana, though organs, drums, piano players, and others are 

 reported. Drums often consist of an outer hoop of soft maple with 

 a basswood lining, but various other woods are suitable. It is 

 largely a matter of taste as to the woods employed in these instru- 

 ments. Some contain no wood, the hoop being metal. Wooden horns 

 for graphaphones are preferred by many. It is claimed that the 

 resonance of the wood, if properly selected, gives a tone superior 

 to that from a metal horn. 



A piano consists of a multitude of parts. Experience has shown 

 that certain woods give better results than others for a particular 

 part. The mechanism which controls the action requires wood hard, 

 strong, and stiff ; and sugar maple generally is employed. Keys are 

 of soft, light wood, which is overlaid in the visible portions with 

 ivory, celluloid, or some other suitable material. Basswood, or 

 some one of the white pines, is commonly used. Fifty thousand feet 

 of California sugar pine are reported by instrument makers in the 

 state, and some of it is made into keys. Douglas fir, another Pacific 

 coast wood, is used for piano posts. Elm is employed as frames 

 and braces, and beech and birch serve in that capacity also ; but 

 some birch is made into piano cases, and it may be finished in a 

 manner that passes for mahogany. Cases are constructed of oak, 

 with finishes to suit the taste of the purchasers; and they are made of 

 red gum also, and not infrequently it imitates Circassian walnut. 

 A few eases are made of cherry, which is preeminently fitted for 

 that place, and is one of America's handsomest woods. The striking 

 figure of sycamore, when quarter sawed, is due to its dark-colored 

 medullary rays, different from those of most woods. Handsome piano 

 cases are occasionally made of it, but its use is generally in con- 

 nection with the interior frame and braces of the instrument. Ma- 

 hogany, as an outer wood in piano construction, is always in good 

 taste. Manufacturers in the state use more than a quarter of a 

 million feet of it a year. Black walnut is oftener seen in organs 

 than pianos, but it is occasionally worked into piano molding. 



The forests of the state supply about twenty per cent of the 



musical instrument stock. All of the sycamore, beech, and cherry are 



liome grown. 



TABLE 48— INSTRUMENTS, MUSICAL 



Average Grown in Grown out 



Quantity used annually cost Total cost Indiana of Indiana 

 Per per f. o. b. 



Kind of wood Feet b. m. cent. 1.000 ft. factory Fe'et b. m. Feet b. m. 



Chestnut 3.932.700 35.37 $22.10 $ 86.900 3.932.700 



Sugar maple 1.597,300 14.37 37.19 59,410 312,000 1,285.300 



Yellow poplar... 1,683.300 14.24 48.54 76.857 160,000 1.423,300 



White elm 815,000 7.33 31.75 25,875 390,000 425,000 



Red gum 762,400 6.86 30.11 22,956 500.000 262.400 



Basswood 677,000 6.09 41.58 28.150 102,000 575,000 



Silver maple .... 383,000 3.45 26.85 10,282 333.000 50,000 



Mahogany 230,200 2.07 145.16 33,415 230,200 



White oak 214,100 1.93 65.93 14,115 179,100 35,000 



Douglas flr 196.000 1.75 33.40 6,525 195,000 



Black walnut 140,300 1.26 116.65 16.225 79,300 61,000 



Spruce 115,000 1.03 46.70 5,370 115.000 



Beech 80,000 .72 25.00 2.000 80,000 



Birch 76,000 .68 43.16 3.280 76,000 



Shorlleat pine... 75,000 .68 35.00 2,625 75,000 



Red oak 50,000 .45 32.00 1.600 25,000 25,000 



Sugar pine 50,000 .45 80.00 4.000 60,000 



White ash 50,000 .45 50.00 2.500 25,000 26,000 



White pine 48,000 .43 72.50 3,480 48.000 



Longleat pine 20,000 .18 25.50 51(1 20,000 



Sycamore 13.100 .12 27.79 364 13.100 



Cherry 10.000 .09 40.00 400 10.000 



Buescher Band Instrument Co., Logansport Furniture Co., Logans- 



Elkhart port 



Packard Piano Co., Port Wayne Jessie French & Sons Piano Co., 



SchafT Bros. Co., Huntington Newcastle 



Hohart Cable Co., Laporte Chute & Butler Co.. Peru 



Boll Bros. Piano Co., Muncie Starr Piano Co., Kichinond 



WOODENWABE AND N'OVELTIES.. 



The items constituting this industry are numerous and varied. A 

 fairly complete list of articles, reported by the woodenware and 

 novelty industry in Indiana, will convey an idea of the extent and 

 nature of the industry, and is appended as follows: Vegetable cut- 

 ters, step ladders and long ladders, knife trays, towel rollers, garment 

 hangers, plate racks, medicine cabinets, smokers' stands, screen posts, 

 easels, and carving and ornaments of various kinds. In some regions 

 a much longer and more varied list of articles is produced. 



Considerable success has been attained in utilizing the waste wood 

 from other industries in manufacturing the products of this. Many 

 of the articles are small, and as far as size is concerned they may 

 be readily cut from scraps, but in practice it is not always easy to 

 handle scraps economically. Machines are made to handle regular 

 lumber and dimension stock; and odd sizes and shapes are worked 

 at a disadvantage. The variety of products turned out makes pos- 

 sible the use of practically every wood that can be had in dimensions 

 of proper sizes. The forests of the state furnish .35 per cent of the 

 material used. All of the sugar maple, basswood, slippery elm, white 

 ash, white elm, cherry, and red oak are home grown. 



TABLE 49— WOODENWARE AND NOVELTIES 



Average Grown in Grown out 



Quantity used annually cost Total cost Indiana of Indiana 



Per per f. o. b. 



Kind of wood Feet b. m. cent. 1,000 ft. factory Feet b. m. Feet b. m. 



Shortleaf pine... 2,290,600 40.92 $28.57 $ 65,450 2,290,600 



White oak 1,081,000 19.31 32.91 35,580 431,000 650,000 



Beech 650.000 11.61 20.00 13,000 450.000 200,000 



Sugar maple 301,000 5.38 27.99 8,425 301.000 



Ba.sswood • 300,000 5.36 27.67 8,300 300.000 



Red gum 220.000 3.93 19.59 4.310 .50.000 170.000 



Hickory 210,000 3.75 35.95 7,550 160,000 50,000 



Cottonwood 180,000 3.21 24.53 4,415 115,000 65.000 



White pine 150,000 2.68 25.00 3,760 150,000 



Slippery elm 105,000 1.88 24.76 2.600 105,000 



White ash 45,000 .80 28.34 1.275 45,000 



Yellow poplar 30.000 .54 33.34 1,000 10,000 20,000 



White elm 10,000 .18 18.00 180 10,000 



Mahogany 0,000 .11 -68.33 410 6.000 



Cherry 5,000 .09 30.00 150 5.000 



Red cedar 5,000 .09 60.00 300 5.000 



lied oak 5,000 .09 30.00 150 5.000 



Longleat pine.... 3,000 .05 30.00 90 3,000 



Black walnut.... 1.000 .02 60.00 60 1.000 



Total 11.117,400 100.00 $36.59 $ 406.839 2.208.500 8,908.900 



MANUFACTURERS OP MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 



King Piano Co., Bhitfton Krell Auto Grand Piano Co., Con- 



Knlght-Brinlierhoff Piano Co., Bra- nersville 



zil Conn Instrument Co., Elkhart 



Total .'..597,600 100.00 $28.05 $ 156.995 1,987.000 3.610,600 



MANUF.iCTURERS OF WOODENWARE AND NOVELTIES 



Frank N. Chamne, Dublin Tucker & Dorsey Mfg. Co., Indian- 



Kcddinger Carving Works, Evans- apolis 



ville O. F. Rogers & Sons, KendallvUIe 



Coshen Churn & Ladder Co., Goshen Geo. L. Lamb, Nappanee 



Goshen Mfg. Co.. Goshen W. H. Williams & Son, Parker 



(Joshen Novelty & Brush Co., Goshen Conre.v-Davis Mfg. Co., Shclbvville 



Lewis N Neville Mfg. Co.. Goshen Plincher Mfg. Co. of Indiana, Shoals 



Piel Bros. Mfg. Co., Indianapolis South Bend Dowel Works, South 

 IJdell Works, Indianapolis Bend 



Pulleys and Conveyors 



Pulleys, trundle heads, and apparatus for conveying flour, grain, 

 coal, sand, wood, and merchandise from floor to floor or from place 

 to place constitute the articles belonging to this industry. Six woods 

 only are reported in Indiana, more than half of the total being red 

 gum; and beech constituting more than half of the remainder. 



The wooden pulley fills an important place in the equipment of 

 machinery, but iron pulleys are used in larger numbers. The lighter 

 weight of the wooden pulley is an item in its favor. "Where speed 

 is high, the centrifugal force, tending to break the rim, increases in 

 proportion to the weight. Strong woods are used where resistance 

 must be great, but the rims may be of lighter woods. However, an 

 examination of the seven woods listed by this industry in Indiana 

 shows that not one of them is weak. Much of the silver maple is 

 rim wood. Arms are of beech, birch, and sugar maple, while red 

 gum is suitable for all parts. The average cost of the woods is 

 comparatively low. 



The reports are not made in a way to render easy the separation 

 of pulleys from conveyors in statistics which are summarized in 

 Table 50, and no attempt at such separation has been made. A con- 

 veyor may be a simple apparatus, or it may be complicated, and call 

 for judgment in the selection of woods for its construction. More 

 than one-third of the wood reported in Indiana for this industry was 

 grown in the state. 



