14 



HARDWOOD KlOCOkD 



i"(*ru»rjr JO. lUlu 



and iT>or<i«i<mi. Sack ground iimy be too «>ft fnr t<>nm« ri^ojit whi«n it 

 m f- ! for tliaf rcn»on, wintcT 



ice i i dcop packi'J snow nlv. ' 



<-«iiDot be surpaned for lo(;s;inf( pur|>oBc«. 



The pioltirc whicli appears on the rover nf tbii if^uc of Haiixiw«ioi> 

 Kkoord rcpreseuta sucb a road in thr nortlieru country. KnortnoiiK 

 slcdlo.tds of log* go over this road, drawn bv hor«e«. Tho iinon 

 aceumiilatcK during the winter to a depth of sevcro] feet, but tho con 

 stant use of tiio rood keopit the iiiin» bri'ki-n nn>1 :ik fn^t iin the old 

 snow tx'piiiR to wear through nml expos.' tlii i;i..iiud, n new full 

 restores ideal conditions for log hsiuling. 



The packed ftppeanuicc of the snow in I ho woods, and the small 

 remnnntii hanging on tho branches of trees, indicate that the fall is 

 not new. Tho snow is well packed. Late in winter it may become 

 sulSeiently firm to bear a man on the Mirfare, and it mny ocrnsionnllr 

 bear a team after a few slight thaws and severe freezes. 



The tinilwr stand consist" of softwoods exclusively, so far an indi- 

 vidual trees in the picture may be picked out and identified. The tim 

 ber is not of great siite and its qu.ility is not impressive. There 

 appears to be no white and Norway pine in sight. Perh.aps hemlock 

 and spruce predominate. The log hauling season is in full swing iv 

 January and it should continue well into March in Iho northern 

 country. If the winter's haul of logs is to go out by drives down 

 rivers, that will take place with the arrival of freshets which accom- 

 pany the melting of the snow. However, the logging railroad has 

 largely taken tho place of the flooded stream as a means of trans- 

 porting logs from forest to mill. The railroad is operated the whole 

 year through, but the stream is floatable only for short periods during 

 the yesir. 



Ungraded Resawed Hemlock Wisely Eliminated 



TIE GREATEST SIGNIVICANCE of the action adopted nt tlu- 

 recent meeting of the Xortliem Hemlock & Hardwood Manu 

 facturers' Association in unanimously agreeing to cease the shipmeni 

 of ungraded resawed hemlo-'k, is that it illustrates plainly tlic ]'ro 

 gressivc tendency of nuuiufacturers and the trend tow.ird more luii 

 formity in manufacturing methods, such uniformity being identifiod 

 in the main by greater standardization. 



The resawing practice was inimical to the best interests of tlic 

 producers and the consumers, becau.'-c it resulted in a product that 

 did not come within the specifications of any agreed grading rules. 

 Therefore, it made for lack of uniformity of product. The elimina- 

 tion of such shipments in territories west of Lake Michigan may be 

 but the beginning of a general adoption for all consuming territories. 



Purchasers of hemlock should make every effort to see the justice 

 in the action, as the new policy is based on a sincere iiesire to im- 

 prove conditions for the buyer as well as for the manufacturer. 



Indiana Wood-Using Industries 



TIE SEBIES OF ARTICLES on the wood using industries of 

 Indiana which has been running for some time in Hardwood 

 TtECORD is concluded with this Issue of the paper. Indiana is no 

 longer prominent as a sawmill state, but occupies a high position 

 as a manufacturing region, and wood holds a prominent place. 

 It was once near the top of the list in the production of lumber, 

 but twenty-six states are now above it. It was long a leader in 

 hardwoods, and it still supplies nearly four hundred million feet 

 of lumber yearly. That quantity, however, falls far short of being 

 enough to supply its own factories and farmers. The state once 

 had a substantial surplus to sell to outside regions; but it must 

 now buy from outside regions to supply its own people. Thus 

 conditions have gradually changed until now the people of Indiana, 

 instead of being lumber sellers, are lumber buyers. 



The best of the forests w.ts cleared for farms, and sawmills 

 have drawn heavily upon the remainder. Some years ago when 

 Joseph Cannon in Congress was fighting the Forest Service, he 

 insisted that there was no grounds for the claim that danger of 

 forest depletion was to be feared. He cited Indiana to prove that 

 woods were growing faster than they were being cut, and he 



doelnred that tho Ktntu then had more timber than it had when 

 he was a boy, fifty years earlier. 



His statement cnuKod considerable discussion. If he were cor- 

 rect with his flgurcH, iloubt was cast on the need of forest con- 

 servation; but nobody could say with certainty whether or not 

 ho was right. Tho public was inclined to place coniiilorable 

 dependence upon his stntomont that timber was growing in Indiana 

 fa.Htor than it wan being cut. 



Statistics collected since then have cast grave doubt on the cor- 

 rectness of Mr. Cannon's figures. It is certain, nt least, that 

 Indiana sawmills no longer cut enough lumber to supply its own 

 people, and that they are reduced to the necessity of buying large 

 bills of lumber from outside regions to meet their needs. 



The detailed figures which Hardwood llKa>iu> has been publish- 

 ing serially for some months are the first official staliatirs on that 

 subject ever published in anything like complete form. Prior to 

 this publication, noboily knew how much wood Indiana's, factories 

 wore using. The figures were furnished this paper by the United 

 States Forest Service ami were collected by a canvass of tho state, 

 carried out in the most systematic manner. By consulting the 

 numbers of Hardwood Record containing the report, anyone inter- 

 ested can ascertain what kinds of woods are used in Indiana fac- 

 tories, how much of each kind, what is the average cost of each, 

 and what are the principal uses of each wood. 



Another lesson of much import may be learned, namely, that 

 timber, even in as fertile a state as Indiana, does not grow as 

 fast as it is being cut. If it does not do so in Indiana, there is 

 no reason to expect better results elsewhere. Consequently, nat- 

 ural processes of reproduction of timber cannot be depended upon 

 to meet tho needs of the future; but forestry policies must be 

 put into practice in all regions which hope to grow enough timber 

 to supply the needs of future population. • 



Progress in Standardizing 



THE CAMPAiriX FOR STAKPAKDIZATIGX MOVES FOB 

 WARD. Formerly there were more than forty heights for wagon 

 wheels. Every factory made such sizes as happened to suit its situa-. 

 tion best. Irons of special weights and sizes, and woods of all 

 sorts of dimensions were ordered by wagon makers to meet their 

 requirements. The disadvantages of so wide variation in output 

 finally induced wagon makers to get together and agree on a few 

 standards. It was found that wagon wheels were being made in ten 

 times as many sizes as were necessary, and they were reduced to four. 

 That was found to answer all purposes well, and it greatly simplified 

 the problem of procuring the raw materials for manufacturing, and 

 of selling the product. 



Automobile makers have standardized horsepower, tube sizes, ball 

 bearings, spark plug shells, and other parts. Every successful effort 

 at standardizing lessens the cost of manuf-icturo and incre.ises profit, 

 to say nothing of tho removal of causes for vexation and worry. 



No less progress has been made in simplifying the knit clothing 

 business by agreeing to standard sizes and makes. Apparently the 

 progress is less in the ready-mado clothing business, for it is said 

 there are more than one hundred patterns that must be followed at 

 present. 



Structural steel manufacturers have gone far toward reducing their 

 products to standards, thereby greatly simplifying the problems of 

 the architect and builder and considerably reducing the cost of 

 building. There are fewer sizes to order and make, and for the 

 dealer to keep in stock. Architects and builders are working toward 

 standards in urging uniform plans and specifications. 



Have lumbermen done all they can toward standardizing their 

 output? Many sizes are thoroughly established and well understood, 

 but it cannot bo denied that the lumber yard that caters to a mis- 

 cellaneous trade must keep on hand a large number of sizes. It 

 inav not be practicable to rr-lucc the nunilier; but the matter is 

 worth investigating. When the Forest Service published its bulletin 

 on lumber prices for 1912 it was necessary to quote on 293 separate 

 items, and nobody pretended that that was anything near the full 

 number. Possibly it cannot be helped. Possibly somebody once 



