I Indiana s Wood 



IklATS 



With Ijiko Mirlii);iiii dii the north, th«> Ohio river iiii thr ioutli, 

 both of which are navi);:ibl(< for boats of liirgo sir-P. nnd with numcroiiK 

 rivoni and lakes for siniill boats, Iii<liniia is Hiiitablv situated for 

 maintaininf; a boat industrv. Its forests and wnodlots produro the 

 nci'cssory timber. In spite of these advantages, however, the boaf- 

 biiildino! industry i.s not lii^hly dovelopod, in rninpiirison with Hovoral 

 other states. New York makes nnnnni use of twenty five tinie.s ns 

 much wood in the construction of boats of all sizes; Pennsylvonia 

 consumes nearl« twenty tinier ns much: I'nliforuiii fourteen, nnd 

 Oregon ten times os much. The ship yards r.f the cnuntry use nnnu 

 ally an agprefjate of approximately 20,000,000 feet of lumber and 

 timber. Less than 1 per cent of this is reported by Indinnn. 



Oak is Indiana's leading boat wood, followed by longleaf |iir,e. 

 These two constitute nearly 88 per cent of the total. The product 

 consists of steamVwats, rowhoati!, skiffs, hiunches and tugs, i^itka 

 spruce from the Pacific coast and while ash furnish most of the 

 oars in the state. Cypress is a favorite for skiffs, but it has a 

 number of other uses in boat building. White oak and longleaf pine 

 are frr.me woods, but they are serviceable in almost any departmeu*^ 

 of boat kvork. Oak is a popular finish wood for steamer cabins, and 

 launches are trimmed with it. Tug builders give it a place where 

 strength is required, and its value is ini'reascd by its resistance to 

 deoay. Both cypress and longleaf pine arc durable. Yellow poplar "s 

 chief value is the fine finish it takes, ami the facility with which the 

 wood may be bent in circular and other forms. Most of the white 

 pine reported is used for repair work. .Mahogany is made info finish 

 for passenger vessels, including launches and skiffs. 



WTiite ash is the only boat wood listed in Table 57 whijch is wholly 

 state grown. Two others, cypress and white oak, are partly home 

 grown, but all the others come from outside regions. The average 

 cost is rather high, the cheapest wood on the list costing slightly more 

 than .*.■'.". 



r.^BLE ,'-.7.— SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING. 



Quantity upod .-^v. coat Total cost Grown tjrown 



annii.Tlly per f. o. b. in Ind. out of Ind. 



Kind of wood. Fcot b.m. ri J.OOO ft. factory. Fcft h.m. Feet b.m. 



White oak T.'.2.0«« r.1.44 »31.S1 t 23.r,4r, IC7.000 .ISS.OnO 



Longleaf pine .''.Sl.iion 3i\r2 ,W.14 IC.ftor. 531.000 



CyprrBs i'l.Oun r..22 .11.20 4.finr, 1.000 00,1100 



V.n,.« i.r.i.ljir .'.0.0<M> .1.42 4.".n0 2,2.".0 .'.0.000 



i.-.noo i.o.t .ificT .').-.o ir..ooo 



10,000 .ns i.io.nn i,r>oo 10,000 



s.oon .,'•.'; 40.00 S2C s,ooo 



Ellki :=pri .-.,000 .34 .'■.2.00 20O .--..OOn 



Total 1,462.11(10 100.00 tS.'!..'* $ 4ft.0!)5 178.000 I.2SR.000 



MANI'FAr-TIISEns OF SHIPS AND BOATS 



Flownrd Ship.v.ird Cn . .!■ IT. r-"nvll1c Howard Sliinyarri Co.. Madison 

 Swccnv Slilpvnrils <• v illc Western l.auiicli & ICnKlnc Co.. Mich 



n. .Mlrn SkllT (V.., I, igan City 



D, I.von SkllT (',... I . 



Lai .NiiRv Appliances 



Laundry appliances as they arc here considered consist wholly of 

 washing machines. Manufacturers in the state report the annual use 

 of 1,425,000 feet of nine kinds of wood in producing this modern 

 article of household convenience. It has largely, but not entirely, 

 replaced the old-time tub and washboard in the family laundry. Few 

 inventions have contributed more to domestic comfort and efficiency. 



Washers are of various patterns, but the controlling idea in their 

 eonstrnction aims to apply power without cramping the muscles which 

 apply it. Hand-power ni,achines are numerous, because many users 

 have not the facilities for using power. However, few hand-operated 

 machines are in use where cheaper and more satisfactory power is 

 available. More than ,$42,000 a year is paid for lumber in the state 

 for making washing machines. One-third of it is home grown. The 

 material is not taken by chance, but there is much room for choice. 

 The tubs are of cypress, cottonwood, basswood and red gum. Dashers 

 are made of white elm. rubbers of white ash, legs of white oak, while 

 beech and sugar maple are suitable for most parts of the machine. 

 Only nine woods were reported in the state, and a number of nianu- 



fucturcrk did nut Hpocify tlie particular iinrtn of thi* morhinps for 

 which the various woods were used. 



TABLK 5R — L.Vl'NL«RY Al'I'I.t ANrE8, 



Quanilly uiird Av. coit Trial colt Orown Orown 



Annually p«r f. o. b. In Ind. out of InA. 



Km-! Ml wuod. Ke<»t h.nt. f^ l,0<>Oft. factory. Kcct b.m, Fcfl b.m. 



n.Ml ifum 440,000 .10.K7 127 41 t 12,000 440,000 



fyprcM 42.'l,n<>0 2n.N2 311 KS lO.llfiO 425,000 



ncoch ir*,(t.o io,r.3 i.i.oii 2,2110 inn,ooo 



Willie elm . IIM'.noO 10 .-3 2(1.07 4,l'0O IfiO.OOO 



.«uitnr maple 00.000 4.21 24 17 1.4.tn 110,000 



rinuu'ood nObOO A.r.l 2N.00 1,400 MI.OOO 



rollonwond 50,000 8.51 80.00 I.ROO M.OOO 



While aatl r.0.000 3.51 20.00 1 00<> 50.000 



While oak 110,000 3.51 2«.0n 1,400 r.0,000 



Total 1.425.000 100,00 «2»,0n $42,:<I0 510.000 HIS.OOO 



MASrFACTfnrllS of LACNOnY APPt.IANCES 



lli.rton MfE. Co., iVirl Wa.vn.' Mlildlctown Kurnlturc Co,. Middle- 

 Peerless Wnshlng Mncliinc .MtB- >'<•■■ town 



Fort Wsvne Gibson Mfe. Co., Munde 



Edwards MfB. Co„ Honey Creek Clnsucock nro». MfR. Co„ Muncle 



El.KVATORS 



The chief demand for wood in buihling elevators is for platforms, 

 posts and elevjitor gates. In some instances the elevator cage is made 

 of wood, but that is not the custom. Reports by manufacturers show 

 that in Indiana most of the lumber used is pine, consisting of four 

 species, two southern and two northern, as Table 59 shows. The hard- 

 woods are intended principally for doors and finish, the platforms 

 in elevators being classed in this instance as finish. 



Both freight and passenger elevators are included in the industry, 

 likewise hoists of various kinds. Some of the hoists are very similar 

 to the "conveyors" listed in the pulley statistics, and sometimes the 

 line separating the two can be drawn only with difficulty. 



TABLE .'.»,— ELEVATORS. 



Quantity used Av. cos' Total coat Grown Grown , 



annually per f. o, b. In Ind. cut of Ind. 



Kind of wotd. Feet h m. % 1,000 ft. fn:tor.v. Feet b.m. Feet b.m, 



l.onBleaf pine .■5.-.2.700 2.'5.Iin JSn.'ir. $ '.i,304 352.700 



Shortlcaf pine 303,000 22.32 23 00 7,100 303,000 



Yellow poplar 220,000 10,21 2il.55 0.600 100.000 120,000 



White pine 200,000 14.73 Z.I.OO 5.000 200,000 



.Vorway pine 11 1,2,-,0 S.42 25.08 2,800 114.250 



.«u/iar maple 107,302 7,01 47.00 5,120 107.802 



White oak .W.COO 2.21 30.17 1,175 30,000 



Red oak 2,-..O0O I.R4 S.l.on (<75 25,000 



White ash 5,000 .37 30.00 1.50 5.000 



Total 1,3r,7.312 100.00 $2S.l.-. $38,213 100.000 1.2,57,312 



The manufacturers of elevators in Indiana are: Grote Manufactur- 

 ing Company, Evansville; Xordyke & Marmon Company, Indianapolis; 

 Otis Elevator Company, Peru; Richmond Safety Gate Company, 

 Richmond. 



Dowels 

 Dijuel.s ,iro small wooden pins or rods. They range in diameter 

 from about seven-eighths of an inch down to a quarter or less. They 

 iro generally made of tough and strong woods, though that rule has 

 exceptions. Door makers need large numbers of dowels. The dowel 

 is often finished with a groove cut spirally like tho thread of a 

 screw, which is intended to give the dowel a firmer grip on tho wood 

 when driven into tho hole made for it. Mlanufacturors of furniture, 

 fixtures, stairwork and interior finish are large users of dowels. Few 

 factories make the dowels which tliey use, but buy them in the form 

 of rods and cut thom into lengths desired. 



.\s pine or pegs for fastening pieces of wood together, dowels are 

 older than nails. Tho Egj-ptians joined their coffins in that way 

 many thousand years ago, using in some instances round dowels and 

 flat ones in others. Nile boats which have come down through forty 

 centuries are joined with dovetails and dowels, and though forty or 

 fifty planks and other pieces of wood are joined, not a scrap of metal 

 is found. It is thus seen th.at tho dowel industry is not new, though 

 methods of malting the rods and pins have improved. Some of the 

 white pine floors laid in Xew England 200 years ago were joined 

 board to board in precisely the same way that the carpenters of 

 Pharaoh did this work. 



Indiana grows .about one-fourth of the wood botight by dowel 

 makers in the state. Basswowl and red gum are the only ones not 

 supplied 'I "'■<^< frriiTi forests in the state. 



