I'Vl)niary 10, lOlG 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



17 



TABLE 60. — DOWELS. 



Quantity u; ed 

 annually 

 Kind of wood. Keet b.m. 



Sugar maple 215.000 



Beech l.'.O.OOO 



Hickory 

 White elm. 

 Baeswood 

 Red gum. . 

 White ash. . 

 White oak. 

 Red oak. . . . 



20.000 

 2.5.000 

 15.000 

 15.000 

 15.000 

 7.000 

 5.000 



% 

 45.45 

 31.71 

 5.50 

 .5.2!) 

 3.17 

 3.17 

 3.17 

 1.4.S 

 1.00 



Av. cost 

 per 

 1,000 ft, 

 J29.77 

 21. 33 

 27.31 

 20.60 

 30.00 

 30.00 

 3.1.00 

 35.00 

 .30.00 



Total cost 



f. o. h. 



factory. 



$ 6.400 



3.200 



710 



740 



4.50 



450 



.525 



245 



150 



Grown Grown 

 in Ind. out of Ind. 

 Feet b.m. Feet b.m. 



76,000 



50.000 



1.000 



5.000 



15,000 

 7,000 

 5,000 



140,000 

 100,000 

 25,000 

 20,000 

 15,000 

 15,000 



Total 473.000 100.00 J27.21 $ 12.870 158,000 315,000 



The manufacturers of dowels are South Bend Dowel Works, 

 South Bend; Stephenson Manufacturing Company, South Bend; John 

 Stigleman Manufafturinfj Company, Spiceland. 



Patterns and Flasks 



The industry which makes flasks and patterns in Indiana produces, 

 •ccording to manufacturers' reports, the kinds only which are in 

 demand at foundries. If others are made, the reports do not specify 

 them. An important part of the industry is thus left unrepresented 

 because many p;itterns are not intended for foundries, but for machine 

 shops and factories. Patterns of the latter kind are often called 

 models, because they are designed to guide the workman in mailing his 

 products according to design and measurements. 



The foundry pattern serves a different purpose, it is buried in a 

 box of s.'ind in such a way that it may bo removed, leaving a hollow 

 or cast the same shape and size of the pattern. Molten metal is 

 poured in, and a casting is the result. Immense numbers of such 

 patterns are made. Every shape and size of casting must have its 

 pattern. Fifty patterns may bo required for casting the parts of a 

 single machine, while an ob,ieet of simple, regular form, requires only 

 one pattern, unless many duplicate castings are wanted. In that case, 

 the old patterns wear out and new ones must be made. 



Flasks and patterns go together as an industry. The flask is a box, 

 usually made in two parts, the upper half being removable. It is 

 filled \vith sand, and in this sand the pattern is buried, and upon its 

 removal the cast is ready to receive the metal. Flasks are good for 

 long periods of service, provided they do not meet with accidents from 

 hot metal while the castings are being made. In the case of acci- 

 dent, the flask is liable to be burned and may be destroyed. 



No choice grades of lumber or kinds of wood are required for 

 flasks. Nearly any kind will answer, if sound and reasonably strong. 

 While pattern material is generally expensive, flask stock is moderate 

 in price. Hemlock appears to be the principal flask lumber in In- 

 diana. Cherry and black walnut are the only woods going to pattern 

 and flask factories from the forests of Indiana, and these woods con- 

 tribute only 10,000 feet a year. 



TABLE 01. — PATTERNS AND FLASKS. 



Quantity used Av. cost 



annually per 



Kind of wood. Feet b.m. % 1.000 ft. 



White pine 125,508 40.23 $06.74 



Hemlock 30,000 11.05 22.00 



Mahogany 28,000 10.31 84.11 



Cherry 26.000 0.58 On.23 



Butternut 20.000 7.37 7.5.00 



Cypress 15.000 5.52 40.00 



Redwood 10.000 3.68 .50.00 



Yellow poplar 7.000 2.58 35.71 



Norway pine 5.000 1.84 15.00 



Black walnut 5.000 1.S4 70.00 



Total cost 



f . o. b. 



factory. 



$ S.377 



660 



2,355 



1.800 



1.500 



600 



500 



250 



75 



350 



Grown Grown 

 in Ind. out of Ind. 

 Feet b.m. Feet b.m. 



125,508 



30,000 



28,000 



21,000 

 20.000 

 15,000 

 10.000 

 7,000 

 5,000 



5,000 



Total 271. 50S 100.00 $60.65 $16,467 10,000 261,508 



MANUFACTURERS (IF TATTERNS AND FLASKS 



M. Athorton Sons. Anderson 

 "Union Traction Co. of Indiana, An- 

 derson 



Geo. W. Grimes Co.. Bluffton 



Reeves & Co., Columbus 



ConnersvUle Blow-er Co., Conners- 

 ville 



P. H. * F. M. Roots Co., Conners- 

 vUle 



Crow Motor Car Co., Elkhart 



Crescent Stove Works, Evansville 

 F. Grote Mfg. Co., Evansville 

 Stewart Machinery Mtg. Co., Ham- 

 mond 

 Atlas Engine Works, Indianapolis 

 M. Rumel.v Co., Laporte 

 Hoosier Stove Co.. Marion 

 M. Rumely Co.. Richmond 

 N. P. Bowsher Co., South Benii 



GATfs AND Fencing < 



In early years farmers made their own fences from material at 

 hand, but posts and wire have largely taken the place of the former 

 rail fence. The custom of buying farm gates is gaining, and gates 

 are made in standard sizes and are kept for sale by lumber yards in 

 prosperous farming communities. Woven picket fencing is likewise 

 for sale and is sold in large quantities. Only five species are reported 



in Indiana, as set forth in Table 62. Cypress leads, and the choice 

 is well made, for this wood is both strong and durable, the two chief 

 requirements for gates and fencing. Red cedar, the second on the 

 list, is very durable but not very strong, while longleaf pine is strong 

 and resists decay well. Red oak and white elm are strong but not 

 durable and the amount used is small. 



TABLE 62. — GATES AND FENCING. 



Quantity used Av. cost Total coat Grown Grown 



annually per f. o b. In Ind. out of Ind. 



Kind of wood. Feet b.m. % 1.000 ft. frctory. Feet b.m. Feet b.m. 



Cypress 70,350 43.29 $45.12 $ 3,445 76,350 



Red cedar 50,000 28.35 30 00 1,500 50,000 



Longleaf pine 40,000 22.US 25.SS 1.035 40,000 



White elm 5,000 2.84 30.00 150 5.000 



Red oak 6.000 2.84 30.00 150 5,000 



Total 176.350 100.00 $35.61 $ 6,280 10.000 168,350 



The manufacturers of gates and fencing in Indiana are: Me- 

 chanics Planing Mill Company, Evansville; Adjustable Gate Com- 

 pany, Knightstown; Mohawk Lumber Company, Moh.awk; W. II. 

 Williams & Son, Parker; Otis Elerator Company, Peru. 



Cigar Boxes 



The manufacture of cigar boxes is an industry distinct from the 

 making of packing and shipping boxes. Demand requires that the 

 box in which cigars are packed not only shall bo attractive in appear- 

 ance but also that it possess an odor, and by nearly universal consent 

 Spanish cedar from Cuba, Mexico and other tropical American regions 

 supplies the desired odor. Its odor is popular, and it possesses the 

 further advantage that the grain and color of the wood are handsome. 

 In many instances other woods, cut in th^i lumber, are used as cores 

 or backing and Spanish cedar veneer, cut very thin, is glued upon them. 



Indiana's chief cigar box wood is red gum, and the high average 

 price of $54.69 is paid for it at the factories. Spanish cedar is second 

 in (juiintity but highest in total cost. The red gum was probably used 

 as a backing for cedar veneer. The factories usually buy cedar in 

 the form of veneer, the cost of which, as given in Table C3, is figured 

 on board measure. Manufacturers of cigar boxes in this state buy 

 the wood they use at an average price higher than is paid by any 

 other industri'. 



TABLE 63. — CIGAR BOXES. 



Kind of wood. 



Ri.'d gum 



Spanish cedar, 

 liasswood .... 

 Cotton gum. . . 

 Yellow poplar. 



Total 



Quantity used 



annually 



Feet b.m. 



40.500 



33.000 



. . . 2.5,000 



15,000 



6,250 



Av. cost Total coat 



per f. o. b. 



% 1,000 ft. factory. 



3.S.45 $ 54.60 $ 2.707 



25.63 100. .fr, 3.526 



19.42 06.00 1,650 



11.65 48.00 690 



4.85 60.00 375 



Grown Grown 

 in Ind. out of Ind. 

 Feet b.m. Feet b.m. 



49,500 



33.000 



25.000 



15,000 



6,2S0 



128.7.50 



100.00 $09.50 $ 8.94S ... - - 128,760 



Following are the manufacturers of cigar boxes in Indiana: Ehine- 

 smith & Siraonson, Fort Wayne; Brinker & Habeney, Indianapolis; 

 Wiegel Show Case Company, Indianapolis; J. J. Anleitner, Terre 

 Haute. 



Dairymen's, Poulterers', and Apiarists' Supplies 



The manufacture of supplies for dairymen, beekeepers, and poul- 

 terers is smaller than should be expected in a state like Indiana, where 

 those industries are highly developed. The amount of wood consumed 

 in manufacturing such supplies falls slightly below 128,000 feet a 

 year, which is purchased at a total cost of $2,607. If the facts were 

 known, doubtless it would be found that large purchases of such ma- 

 terials are made outside the state; but this is not proved by any 

 available statistics. 



Beehives and incubators are the only commodities reported. It 

 would thus appear that no wooden supplies for the dairy are manu- 

 factured in the state, or, if manufactured, they have not been reported 

 Yellow poplar, spruce, silver maple and basswood are white, clea» 

 woods and meet requirements for frames in which bees deposit honey- 

 comb. The market demands woods light and white. They are cut 

 in thin veneers, .just strong enough to protect the comb in handling 

 iind shipping. Hives are of longleaf pine, white oak, basswood and 

 silver maple, but the latter two are used in small amounts. The 

 w-oods listed in the reports on the manufacture of incubators are 

 white oak, yellow poplar and longleaf pine. The supply of wood 

 reported in the state, small as it is, is nearly evenly divided between 

 home grown and imported. Longleaf pine and spruce are the only 

 ones not furnished in part by forests in the state, while yellow poplar, 

 white oak, basswood and maple are entirely home grown. 



