20 



MAKDWOOD KECOKD 



'' if all tlint can bo cx]>vcl<:J 

 iity will W iirocurod in from 



an lU' •' :i-' >': '.! - 

 and liiiiilxT Ml ijo.. 

 forty U> •Uty ywir«. 



ESTADLISniXG Pl.\ ! \ ■ i'..:^ 



The tree* arc very easily plantr.l. SwU may bo gnUiored or pur- 

 rliiiM'd in Mutliorn Mexico or liritiiUi llondiirait iind |iluntcd in bods 

 during June and July. When the youn); trivs iirc one, two, or tlirco 

 yearn old, they nre not out in ro«« ten by t«ciity feet. They (jrow 

 readily and need very litUo care and no cultivation. While Hucce.ns 

 i« posaiblo without any further attention in many cnaes, it is far 

 safer to keep down tall weeds and any other plants immediately sur- 

 roundinf; the young trees for the first two or three years so as to 

 give tlieni a good start. Land suitable for growing mahogany trees 

 ean be bought in almost any section of the West Indies and the 

 i?panis>i Main for lets than two dollars nn acre. In fact, free con- 

 cessions can be procured from some of the governments in Central 

 and South American countries for establishing mahogany plantations. 



Cost of Pl.kntatios 

 It is difficult to show just how profitable it will bo to grow mahog- 

 any trees on a commercial scale. The question will naturally be asked 



wlii'u rrliirus niuy Ijc expected and how great tJieso returns will b«. 

 The llr»t trees iiliould bo ready for felling in twenty or twenty-flvo 

 years, lull by that time the market price of mahogany will undoubtedly 

 bo much higher Ihiui today, since Uierc is no danger of overproduc- 

 tion. The advantage of having these trees on a comparatively Hinall 

 area reduces the ex|>onso of getting the logs to market and increases 

 tho profit over that in getting Uie logs from the natural forest. The 

 initial cost of establishing tho plantation is not very high. An esti- 

 mate of tho cost of forming a mahogany plantation of one hundroi 

 acres and the probable financial results may bo of interest to many, 

 labor costing fifty cents a day. 



JiTprniHturet: 



CIrarlne 100 seres for planting f i.'JT.-. 



Nursery stock OW 



Propsrlne holes snd planting 1.126 



Total cost llmt ycnr $ 3,000 



Cloanlni; uuU suppljlDK rlrst nntl second year 1,500 



Core anil maintenance up to slitlcth year 11,400 



Interest on tbo money Invested - 14,100 



Total cost 130,000 



^i^^ ' 



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Disappearance of Hardwoods 



A good deal is said from time to time about the lessoning 

 supply of timber in this county, due to lumbermen, land clearing, 

 and fire; but there is reason to believe that tho American forests 

 wore losing out before men had anything to do with the matter 

 and that more kinds of trees had disappeared than now remain. 

 A bulletin compiled by Frank Hall Kuowlton and published by 

 tho Department of tho Interior at W.ishiugton, indicates, if it 

 does not prove, that our forests were richer in trees, particularly 

 hardwoods, a great many thousands of years ago than they were 

 at the time of the discovery of America. The evidence is found 

 in the records of geology, where imprints of leaves have been 

 preserved in the rocks, telling of species which were living at 

 the time the clays were deposited which later changed into rock. 



An examination of the lists of leaves thus preserved shows that 

 many species once growing in America are no longer found here. 

 For example, there are now two species of persimmon in the 

 United States. There were once seventeen species. Fifteen have 

 <lisappeared. The record goes back to Cretaceous time, some hun- 

 dreds of thousands of years ago. 



There were eighteen species of yellow poplar. Only one remains. 

 Some of the most ancient had leaves shaped much like those of 

 willows, except that the apex was cut off, with the telltale notch 

 which identifies yellow poplar to this day. 



There is now a single species of red gum, but twenty-three 

 species once grew in the American forests. 



There were twenty-three kinds of elm then, and five arc here 

 now. 



Our single species of sassafras is all that remains of the twenty- 

 five species which once grew on this continent. 



We still have three sycamores, one in California, one in Arizona, 

 and one east of the Kocky Mountains, but there were once thirty 

 kinds. 



There are now four kinds of walnut in this country, but thirty- 

 five kinds grew here in the past. 



Our forests are still well supplied with magnolias, there being 

 seven; but thirty-nine species grew in America at former periods. 



Cottonwoods, including the aspens and balm of Gilead, still 

 number ten species in the United States, and it is a generous 

 number; but no fewer than eighty-three species left records in 

 the rocks during past ages. 



Two fig trees survive, both in Florida; but these are the lone 

 survivors of ninety-nine species which once grew wild in the 

 American woods. • 



But tho most interesting of all is the records of oak. This is 

 now the most abundant hardwood of the United States. It is most 

 abundant in actual amount of wood and also in number of species. 

 There are now fifty two in this country; but these arc no more 

 than the respectable representatives of 126 kinds of oak which 

 once grew here. 



The foregoing figures should be qualified in one particular. In 

 most instances the past records are preserved by leaf prints in 

 j-tone or iday, and the print of a leaf does not tell how large was 

 the tree from which it came. Some of those enumerated above 

 may have been only shrubs, or small plants. There is no way of 

 certainly determining that fact when the tree itself was never 

 seen, and no part of the trunk has been preserved. Tho leaf is 

 the most perishable part of a tree, next to the flower; yet all we 

 know of scores of tree .species which once grew in this country is 

 derived from leaf impressions in mud — and mud itself is not 

 usually regarded very durable. Yet, how much valuable knowl- 

 edge has been obtained from, such perishable things as leaves 

 and mud! Sonic of them have come down to us through a 

 million j-ears- By the aid of such records it is possible to under- 

 stand pretty accurately what our ancient forests contained and 

 what they would have looked like, if a human being could have 

 been there to see them. 



Wood Block Paving Advocated by Humane 

 Society 



The Hamilton County (Ohio^ Society for the I'revention of 

 Cruelty to Animals recently went on record endorsing a policy 

 quite pleasing to the lumbermen, when it advocated tho use of 

 improved wooden blocks, fitted with grooves to prevent horses 

 from slipping, over other methods of paving for the Cincinnati 

 streets. The use of the wood block slowly but surely is putting 

 other paving into tho background in Cincinnati, nearly all the 

 suburban thoroughfares and manj' of the chief downtown streets 

 new being of wood block. Much downtown paving will bo done 

 this summer and there is considerable agitation for wood blocks. 

 The test on Vine street, in the heart of the business section, was 

 especially gratifying, proving the blocks to be more enduring, less 

 slippery and reducing noise to a minimum. 



Has the inch board become too much of a habit with the sawmill 

 man? Think over this for there is more to it than may appear at 

 first glance. 



