HARDWOOD RECORD 



21 



thing at all to produce it is well worth while utilizing in some 

 other way. How many of you use your exhaust steam for steam 

 heating or boiling glue pots, etc. 



The exhaust steam wasted in the United States iu one day would 

 make one fabulously rich. 



One of the most surprising things in connection with the money 

 value of exliaust steam is that while it is one of the most valuable 

 heat transmitting mediums yet it can also bo made to produce ice 

 and refrigeration in a most surprising way, without the use of any 

 moving machinery, except a few small pumps. 



If I were to tell you that the exhaust steam from the average 

 100-lb, engine, if it were kept running twenty-four hours at full 

 load, could be made to produce about forty tons of ice in that time, 

 you would gasp — but it is the trutli, nevertlielcs.s. 



Some ice companies are actually paying out real money for the 

 purchase of exhaust steam, so valuable is it in ice production, and yet 

 the majority of you throw it away. 



I can point out plants in this country which arc producing ice 

 by this process for from thirty to fifty cents a ton and I expect most 

 of you pay almost this much per hundred pounds. 



Further Money-Saving Possibilities 



There are a few more places in a power plant where money can be 

 saved and to which you, as owners, should also give some supervi- 

 sion and attention. They are: Line shaft alignment; group motor 

 driving; piston and valve rod packings; electrical wiring; con- 

 venient plant arrangement ; efficiency of your employes. 



I could really go on to tell you of many more points worthy of 

 attention. How, for instance, many plants have from twenty-five 

 to fifty per cent more boiler capacity than actually necessary, and 

 how some plants I know of have cut their coal bill to absolutely 

 nothing, but I think I have told you enough to start you thinking. 

 I could tell you with fair degree of accuracy what per cent of saving 

 could be made by the employment of these various suggestions, but 

 it is loo long a story for one day. 



With steam at 100-lb. pressure, if liberated through an orifice 

 1 inch square, a quantity will escape which will be equivalent to 

 almost 200 boiler. As an orifice 1 inch square has a diameter of 

 about 1% inches, you will sec how easy it is to lose money by 

 permitting steam leaks to exist. Think also how the sum of all the 

 little leaks in your jilants may mount up into a sum which means a 

 material loss. 



A veneer plant has a large use for hot water for boiling lilocks. 

 I am not sufficiently informed regarding the details of veneer manu- 

 facture to know if these have to actually be lioiled or not. If 

 they do, then live steam will be needed if steam is used. Under 

 such circumstances it is a question in my mind if you can afford 

 to use steam for boiling blocks providing you have to buy coal. 

 Of course if you have plenty of offal for fuel then it really does 

 not make much difference. 



I think if I had a veneer jilant Hud liad to buy coal I would 

 design my boiling vat to burn the fuel under it and then locate it so 

 my firemen could attend to it just as they would a boiler. The 

 reason for making this statement comes from a knowledge of the 

 heat values of steam and fuel. A little inspection into a steam 

 table will give you the reason clearly. 



If your feed water is at a temperature of say 1S0° on entering 

 your boilers,* then it will require 176 British thermal units to raise 

 it to a temperature corresponding to 12.5 jjounds steam pressure 

 before the water is in a condition for steam making. Then a further 

 amount of heat has to be given to this heated water to evaporate it. 

 This amount is 86.5 British thermal units. In other words, the 

 total heat to produce steam which has to be applied to each poinul 

 of feed water which is at 180° temperature is the sum of the given 

 amounts which equals 1,041 British thermal units. The tempera- 

 ture of this steam is 352° F. Now with this little explanation of 

 the heat required to generate live steam, let us go backward with it. 

 If used for boiling blocks, this steam is turned into the tank. In 

 giving up the heat necessary to boil the water the steam is condensed 

 and the condensation is led off by means of a trap. If the water 

 led off by this trap is at a temperature of 212° then the live steam 



gives up 9()0 British thermal units when it condensed into water. 

 Please remember, however, that we put 1,041 British thermal units 

 into the steam so that we show a lo.ss of 76 British thermal units, 

 or about 7.2 per cent, which is just the amount of fuel wasted by 

 heating the vat with steam as compared to heating it direct. 



This deduction is made on the assumption that the method of 

 burning the fuel under the vat would be as economical as the 

 burning of fuel in the furnaces under the boilers. The saving I 

 have shown does not necessarily mean that those of you who are 

 boiling your vats direct with coal are doing so at a saving over 

 those who are using steam, but it at least is the correct theory. 



Unfortunately the oidy steam tables that nn)st people are familiar 

 with are those in dairy lunches. The tables I refer to are com- 

 piled for those who arc interested in values of steam under different 

 conditions, and are of inestimable value. 



Baltimore Exports for November 



The showing made by November in the export trade is in some 

 respects not so good as that for the previous months, the total 

 value of the shipments made constituting a loss of more than 

 .$5,000. As compared with the same month last year the exhibit is 

 also to be regarded as disappointing, but the fact must not be lost 

 sight of that these are abnormal times, when the ordinary standards 

 of measurement are at fault and when allowances must be made for 

 unusual conditions. It appears from the statement that no logs 

 at all were shipped during the month, against some 230,000 feet 

 for November of 1913, and tlie forwardings of oak lumber also 

 dropped to small proportions, being only one-third of those for 

 NovcJuber, 1913. Poplar declined in an even greater proportion, and 

 the expectations raised by the statement for October were hardly 

 borne out. But when everything is said that could be advanced, the 

 fact remains that stocks are moving to a larger degree than might 

 have been supposed under the circumstances and there are even 

 indications that an expansion will take place in the future. There 

 can be no doubt that the large accumulations resulting from the 

 diversion of shipments to British ports have been in a measure 

 absorbed, and that the current needs of the United Kingdom will 

 consequently have a chance to assert themselves to a more pronounced 

 degree. The statement for November, as compared with the same 

 month of last year, is as follows: 



— 1U14 — —1913— 



ijuantity Ft. Value. Quantity Ft. Value. 



$ 2.660 



6,731 



1,900 



62,434 



Logs, Hickory 



Walnut 



■ " -Vll others ..;...' 



I.umbor, Oak (i(>6,00n 



White I'ino 24.000 



Yellow Pine 12.(ii)0 



Poplar .-|.-|.(Miii 



" Sprui'c 



.Ml oili.-i's l.'.T.ooo 



Siiooks I. .".72 



Staves T.4:i."> 



-Ml otlicr inanufaitures ol' lunilier 



Furnituri' 



.\1I other niMiiur;wtures ot" wood 



$2,3,040 



1)2.000 



100,000 



40.000 



1,800,000 



iitals 



.V4.-.4:i.-. 



S1.-.O.S35 



Many eonuntuiicatiiMis are Ijciug rei'cived by the Department of 

 Commerce regarding the increasing demaml for ties in the war zone. 

 While there doubtless is some scarcity of ties due to the unusually- 

 large numbers that have been used in the construction of military 

 railways and in cribbing bridges, it is pointed out at the Forest 

 (^ervico that there is nothing in the situation to make a market for 

 any large niunber of ties. There never was a time, it is believed, 

 that consignment business was more risky. American dealers should 

 not nuike shipments without orders at this time, experts here declare. 



Only 7',:; per cent of last season's 400 fires in national forests of 

 TTtah, southern Idaho, western Wyoming and Nevada caused losses in 

 excess of .$100. 



