HARDWOOD RECORD 



39 



relieved of 4.731,000 toDB, the InUiaaa mlDcs fruiu OUO.OOU tons, anU the 

 western Kentucky mines from 201,000 tons which were formerly shipped 

 to other markets outside the zone to which they will be limited when this 

 (.Ian Is made effective. These mines, however, will be called upon for addi- 

 tional tonnage to be shlppc<l to Wisconsin, Minnesota and Missouri, and 

 it will be necessary to Increase the production of coal from the Illinois 

 fields to care for the Increased demand. 



Colli from the Pocahontas, New River and other eastern districts pro- 

 blbllcil from moving Into Illinois was, to a largo extent, used for domestic 

 purposes. It will be necessary to replace this coal with coal from Illinois 

 districts. The bulk of the winter demand must be anticipated and stored 

 from the field producing the better stocking coal, while tor current summer 

 consumption the coals of poorer stocking quality must be used. 



The movement of special grades of coal for gas, by-product, metallurgical 

 and smithing purposes contrary to the prohibition of the plan will be 

 controlled by the United States Fuel Administration under permit regu- 

 lations. 



Consumers in Illinois will suffer a serious shortage next winter unless 

 they begin to fill their bins at once and continue to jiccumulate their 

 winter supply during the summer. The mines in these states can Oil the 

 normal requirements of these consumers if they arc kept running every 

 day of the week, winter and summer. 



Considering that the entire United States is covered with similar regu- 

 lations, by which old markets are abolished and old associations broken 

 up, and that many people will be deprived of the class of cool to which 

 they have been accustomed. It Is reasonable to suppose that the business 

 in wood as fuel will receive a stimulus such as it never knew before. 

 Fortunately, there Is plenty of wood, anii most regions can procure It at 

 reasonable prices. 



Additional Wooden Bulkheads 



The oracle told the Athenians, at the time of the Persian invasion, that 

 when all else failed, to put their dependence in wooden walls, meaning 

 their ships. The wooden walls did not fail them ; and today the order has 

 been given at Washington to equip the merchant vessels with additional 

 wooden bulkheads to prevent speedy sinking in case the ships are tor- 

 pedoed. All American merchant vessels will be equipped Immediately with 

 double the number of bulkheads now carried tor protection against tor- 

 pedoes and mines. The shipping board approved the plan April 11 as the 

 most practical of all the "nonsinkable" schemes, and James C. Stewart of 

 New York was asked to undertake supervision of the work. 



Eight instead of four walls hereafter will divide American ships into 

 compartments, decreasing by 50 per cent the space which Is likely to be 

 Hooded after an external explosion and increasing in the same proportion 

 the chances of the vessel reaching port instead of going to the bottom. 

 The bulkheads will be made of four-inch planks with tongue and groove 

 and tarred, to make them water tight. They will be kept rigid by one-inch 

 steel beams. It Is estimated that in 400 ships there will be a loss of only 

 5,000 tons cargo space due to the new walls. 



No delay in the movement of ships is expected to result from the installa- 

 tion of the new safety devices. Mr. Stewart will be given complete lloat- 

 Ing equipment, so that the work can be carried on without interfering 

 with loading. Only slight inconvenience Is anticipated in the handling 

 of cargo. 



Imitating Indian Woodworkers 



wont about his work deliberately and 

 all, flat stone, about the size of the 

 ntor bored a hole a little larger than 

 That was his machine for making 



The Indian arrow maker, when he 

 with plenty of leisure, selected a sn 

 palm of the hand, and through its cc 

 a quarter of an inch in diameter, 

 arrows — the wooden shaft, not the flint with which it was pointed. He 

 whittled the arrow with his knife until it was as nearly the right size 

 as he could measure with his eye. Then he finished it with his per- 

 forated stone by drawing the shaft back and forth through the hole until 

 all the Inequalities were rubbed off and the arrow was perfectly round 

 and smooth. 



The Indian invented that machine for his own use, but facilities for 

 obtaining patents in those days were not good, s.i lie left his inv. ntion 

 unpatented, and it has now been appropriattil ; r i. n 



knitting needles, such as are in use by ladi' i I 



helmets for soldiers. Instead of using a perli ii 



did, the needle maker employs a steel plate; r in 



the center, the plate has several holes, varying slightly in si/.. The wmdon 

 dowel or rod of which the needle is made is reduced to something near the 

 size wanted by means of planes and lathes, and is then finished by being 

 drawn through the holes, beginning with the largest and working down 

 to the smallest. .\t each passage through the holes a thin film of wood 

 is removed, and at the end of the process the desired size of the needle has 

 been reached and that part of the work is done. The idea has been bor- 

 rowed bodily from the Indian, but the tool and the method show some 

 slight improvement upon those of the savage. 



The knob on the end of the needle is made by a separate process, corre- 

 sponding to the separate process by which the Indian fastened the barbed 

 flint on the end of his arrow. He could not bore a hole in the flint and 

 insert the end of the arrow in it, so he tied the flint in place and stuck it 

 fast with glue — sometimes with a little rattlesnake poison added as a 

 sort of forerunner of later German war measures. The knitting needle 



maker is able to liure a hole through the knob and fits It on the end of 

 the needle, and he uhoh a drop of glue to fasten It on. 



All wooden koittine noe<lIe8 arc not mode In the same way ; neither wor. 

 all Indian arrows. Most of the needles arc of hard maple, but sever.! 

 other woihIs ought to do an well, among them being red gum, birch, beo< li, 

 iiombram, dog\vood. persimmon, wnlnut, and mahogany. Thii would b>- 

 an excellont place to try some of the hard, strong, lliiegraliiod and highly 

 colored Ki'ini'lroplcal woods of Texas and Florida. The Toxiis cutsclnw, 

 Florida satlnwood and I'allfornia manzanlta would Bcom to l)e peculiarly 

 suitable for such noodli-^, in hurdnchs, strength, and eBpociully In color. 



Shingle Fire Hazard Over-estimated 



liy its own flgures the National Hoard of UnderwrllorH refutes the claliii 

 so frequently made by Arc insurance agents and others that shingle roofs 

 form one of tlie greatest of flre hazards. In a recent tabulation of the 

 preventable Ores that took place in the United States during the last 

 year and the volume of losses resulting therefrom Ores caused l)y "spark« 

 on roofs" stands ninth In the list. This classlflcatlon Includes shin).-!'' 

 roofs of ail kinds, many of which take flre much more easily from spark 

 than do wooden shingles and burn much foster than wood, once they ar.- 

 ignited. 



The list follows : 



Electricity $IIJ.550.4.3:i Mshtnlng $ S,002,022 



iiofootivo ohlmneys 12.724,317 Incendiary S,121,81« 



Stoves, furnaces, etc... 11.204,875 Sparks from machinery. 7,418,84S 



Spontaneous combustion in.94tl,20(l Snarks on roofs 7,355.047 



Careless smoking S,5bS.;}7.'. Matches 7,130,181 



Guarding Against Spies 



The War Department is throwing greater safeguards round plants where 

 war work is being done, and is taking special care tliat spies or other 

 unauthorized persons shall not gain admittance by impersonating ofllcers. 

 Persons, whether In uniform or not, who apply for admission to plants 

 where government work is being done, under pretense that they are gov- 

 ernment inspectors, must present an Identification card with photograph 

 and stamped with a government seal, and must also show a letter of 

 instructions, if requested to do so. The same rule will apply to plants 

 engaged in manufacturing for the Allies. Two paragraphs of the circular 

 lately sent from Washington follow : 



It is requested that your emplnvec!, nnd ouhcontractors who are engaged 

 In manufacturing or fumishine i.,:it.ri.il :,u.\ supplies for the Signal Corps, 

 be directed to admit no Sign.ii • i tatlve whether In uniform 



or otherwise to any plant or . niioned herein, unless such 



representative shows proper ; I accompanied by a letter 



of instructions Indicating thi i > isit. 



In the event of any attempt i.. .^ion to such places by any 



person unable to show required < n donllMls, it is requested that authorized 

 officers of your organization or of subcontractor's organization (if on a sub- 

 oontractors premises) Inform by wire, collect, the Chief. Military Intelll- 

 eence Branch. General Staff. Washington. D. C. The telegram should state 

 all the facts, giving name, description, time and attendant circumstances. 



Statement of the Ownership, Management, Circulation, Etc., 



Required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912, 

 Of H.iRuwooD Uecoud, published semimonthly at Chicago, III., for April 

 1, 1918. 



State of Illinois. ) 



County of Cook. ) ''^- ... 



Before me, a Notarv PiiWIc. in nnd for the State and county aforesaid, 

 personally appeared Iv II n. f. I.:in.jli wlm. bavins been duly sworn accord- 

 ing to law, deposes ;!. ! i ■'■•■■ Ivlifr of tho IIaklwood 

 Record, and that tli-' i -i bis k[i..wl.ilL'.- mh.I '"I''''- 

 a true statement of tli ! it (ami ii u ihiily i.;i|i';r. the 

 circulation), etc., of i i .n i..r ili.- .lat.^ -Ii..wii lu the 



above caption, requln.l \. , . . .\ii,-u. l -1. lOi:;. iTiil.i.dl.-.l in s.'.tion 



443, Postal Laws and Rrgnlatii.ns, printed on the reverse of this formi 



1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing 

 editor, and business managers are : 



Name of — Postofflce address — 



Publisher — The Hardwood Company, 537 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. 

 Editors— E. H. Defebaugh and E. W. Meeker, 537 So. Dearborn St., Chi- 



Managing Editor — E. W. M.ckfr. 537 So. Dearborn St., Chicago, Ili. 

 Business Managers- N. t^.^ 



2. That the owners i, ,i ri.s and addresses of individual owners, 

 or, if a corporatioo. -•• " l the names and addresses of stock- 

 holders owning or hell i r more of the total amount of stock) : 



E. H. Defebaugh, 5:;T ^. P : ni St., Chicago. Til. 



3. That the known buiiuliu„i.i.-. iiiortgagees. f"' ■»'.■- - i<y holders 



owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total .im mortgages, 

 or other securities are (If there are none, so ■' 



4. That the two paragraphs next above, givii _ •■ owners, 

 stockholders, and security holders. If any, cont.iin i of stock- 

 holders and security holders as they appear n: the com- 

 pany, but also, in cases where the stockholder : appears 

 upon the books of the company as trustee or i; ■ iry rela- 

 tion the name of the person or corporation i ' rustee is 

 acting, is given; also that the said fw.j pau^ • it.in.-nts 



embracing affiant's fii" :- ' '- '- ' ' •■ - and 



conditions under w!v ' v t 

 appear upon the bn.. 



ties in a capacity oih ' 



has no reason tM 1.. I.. ■'■" 



has any int. r. i ■ .t, m uio sai.i siocii, i...ii.is. .n ..iii.;i ^.■^uli- 



'^5 That I! r of copies of each issue of this publication 



sold or dist" Hie mails or otherwise, to paid subscribers 



during the sr iins the date shown above is . (This 



information is rociuind Irom daily publications only.) 



(Signed) E. H. Dbfebaugb, Editor. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me this twenty-first day of March, 191 s 



J.4MES S. Pennington, 

 [seal 1 Notary Public. 



(My commission expires October 24. 1920.) 



