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Appalachian Logging Congress 



till April J I aiul L'.') the Apiialai'liiiin l-.i;;;iMK Connicss lu'l.l a 

 s.'^^ioii at Hiiiitinfjton, W. Va., wliicli gave iiiucli tiiiu' to welfare 

 uurk, and was nddrcssrd by a uumbor of speakers wlio were 

 -I'.'.ialists in tlioir several lines. Among those who spoke were 

 II Raine and R. L. Hiitehinson, and both devoted their remarks 

 hi- labor problem. Mr. Rnine's subjeet wa.s ''An Eye for an 

 and a Tootli for a Tooth," and Mr. Hutehinson 's talk might 

 li.i\o earried the caption, "The Man's Trne Worth.'" Another ad- 

 dress which was listened to with much attention was by E. A. 

 Caskill whose text related to education, but to that particular 

 brand of education which qualifies the mountain people, and par- 

 ticularly the mountain lumbermen, to meet the daily problems 

 which they must face. This education is not necessarily of the 

 book variety. For instance, when the campaign to save flour got 

 under way, the Kentucky mountain people suspected it was a 

 movement to deny flour to the mountaineers and turn it over to 

 tlic wealthy people of the bluegrass regions, and naturally the 

 mountaineers were not inclined to submit. Meetings were held 

 and when the matter was explained, and the mountain people 

 wore convinced that everything was fair and no discrimination 

 was to be shown, they accepted the situation in good humor and 

 were entirely willing to eat corn bread in order to send flour to 

 France. 



The meeting raised .$.5,000 for the Liberty loan, after an address 

 by B. B. Burns of the C. L. Bitter Lumber Company of Hunting- 

 ton, and after R. L. Hutchinson of the R. L. Hutcliinson Lumber 

 Company had led off with a subscription for .$1,0(10. 



' Bemedy for Labor Trouble 



' Following are certain points in Mr. Raine 's address on the labor 



' situation of the present time: 



"As employers we must mobjlize our forces not for conflict but 

 for co-operation and for an expression of real concern and good will 

 to our labor, putting them on the plane of real men. 



"Machinery and method have their places, but the biggest fac- 

 tor in our logging game is our men. They are men too with all the 

 faculties of ourselves. In dealing with them we must recognize 

 their physical, mental and spiritual natures. » » ♦ 



"I am fully aware that there are two sides to these matters and 

 it is easy to prove a case that 'wood-hicks' are not worthy of extra 

 attentions and that it is simply 'casting pearls before swine.' 



' "All improvement must be based upon mutual respect and con- 



sideration. If the woodsman is indifferent to our ideals, it must 

 be largely because we have been indifferent to his needs. In win- . 

 ning this mutual respect and co-operation we must take the initia- 

 tive. Is it not a fact that we have given scant attention to the 

 normal needs of this particular class of labor? Shut away from 

 contact largely with other classes of fellows and forced to live in 

 any sort of 'shack' and to bunk in unclean narrow quarters, we 

 still expect him to play the game as a man. 



"Anything here set down should be looked upon as a matter of 

 simple justice that will bring its own reward in both dollars and 

 cents and in that spirit of co-operation that is necessary for the 

 smooth running of our business. It has been said that war will 

 pass when injustice passes and the same may be said of labor 

 troubles.' ' 



The Dividend Earner 

 In speaking of tlic man who earns tJie dividends in a business, 

 Mr. Hutchinson said: 



"The man who thinks will declare a dividend for you while you 

 sleep. Then you have another man, the man who will [lut in a day's 

 work, apparently bus}', who moves as fast as anybody else and 

 gets nothing done. At the end of the year if you have an efficient 

 manager he will come and tell you that this man has earned so 

 much and that man has not earned it. He will say: 'Here is a 

 man who has earned $600; he has lost you $12.' That will happen. 

 It is necessary for you to know who it is and how and whv one will 



make money for you and another will lose money for you. As an 

 employer of labor it is necessary to know all these things. The 

 paying of bills is not all for the sawmill man. You must know 

 first what service is worth. * • » The most economical man to 

 get is the highest man you can hire, and the highest priced man 

 you can get is the cheapest you can get. You will get your labor 

 for less than if you have the 'cheap' labor. The j>roduct of high 

 priced labor is worth considerably more money. The cheap man 

 lowers the cost; the valuable man advances the selling price, and 

 the further you got the two apart the more money is left to you. 



"There are other questions that come up as we go along. It 

 used to be that in the organization of great business affairs men 

 thought they were astute business men and they would get in 

 touch with the clerks of the courts and the judges; they might get 

 them passes over the railroads and certain privileges, and thought 

 that in that way if they should ever fall under the supervision of 

 the judges their sentence might be lighter. That time has passed 

 and the day of such things has gone, just as the day has gone when 

 the salesman could go out with a bottle of liquor in his saddle 

 pockets and get an order on the merit of that. 



C. N. Anderson took up the subject of the conservation of food 

 and fuel, and after explaining the necessity for these measures, he 

 continued: 



"It will be no trouble to save tlie flour if you can get the mes- 

 sage to your employees If people understand the situation they 

 are perfectly willing to do without flour. But the great trouble 

 is that the man who gets a dozen letters from the government 

 every day and reads papers has this information before him and 

 tlie mfin who has not access to newspapers can nut realize the 

 necessity of it. 



"I have a letter from Washington to this effect; that in some 

 of the laboring communities in West Virginia the oO-uO rule is 

 considered a hardship and that the substitutes they are forced to 

 buy are piled up in the kitchens and back yards and then thrown 

 away. That is a fact. People buying substitutes are not ac- 

 complishing anything. They are buying practically the same 

 amount of flour and there is not a thing accomplished. 



"I hope I have gotten this message to you in such a shape that 

 the association will feel like adopting a resolution that you will in 

 some pamphlet form get this information to your employees, and 

 incorporate in this pamphlet some of the recipes. I have left with 

 the secretary recipes for the use of cornmeal and oatmeal and 

 different uses of potatoes. One reason the substitutes have not 

 been used is because the people do not know how to use them." 



What Are the Limits of a Shipping Point? 



Manufacturers who.se ])lants are situated near cities but outside 

 their boundaries will be interested to read the following language 

 of the Minnesota supreme court throwing light on the question as 

 to when a given industrial plant may be said to be so situated as 

 to be subject to regular transportation tariffs, as distinguished from 

 switching charges, on the movement of shipments between a plant 

 and a railway company's nearby city yards: 



"The limits of a shipping point are not necessarily coincident 

 with the limits of a city. They may be more extensive. Perhaps 

 they may be less extensive, but usually not. The important ques- 

 tion is whether the district i.s a single industrial center. This 

 is usually a question of fact. * * * In determining that ques- 

 tion, the extent of the district, the industrial relation of one part 

 to another, the nature of the trafiic are things to be considered. 

 Whether the traffic is handled by train crews or switching crews, 

 and whether on waybills or switching orders, are matters to be 

 considered, but the manner of handling is not decisive. The fact 

 that the railroad and the public have acquiesced in applying a 

 switching tariff is important when that fact appears, as it does 



