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•^ Use of Oak by Industries and States -^^ 



Oak is used by shops ami faotoii.s in all the states, naii forty- 

 eight of the fifty-three rocogiiizej wouilusiiiK industries employ 

 it. However, the bulk of the oak goes to fewer than a dozen of 

 the inilustries and these are situated in fewer tlian half the states. 

 The figures provide a subject for an interesting study for those 

 who buy and sell oak. Though the wood is marketed all over the 

 country, most of it reaches its final use in certain states and by a 

 limited class of users. The accomjianying table presents this in- 

 formation in condensed form. The figures were collected by the 

 United States Forest Service but were never published in the 

 detail shown in the following table which was prepared by Hard- 

 wood Record from data procured from government figures. This 

 paper has planned to publish similar information concerning sev- 

 eral of the commercial woods, using data kindly placed at its dis- 

 posal by the Forest Service. It is believed that this information 

 possesses practical value for those who buy, sell or use lumber. 

 The present article deals with oak only. Those with this wood for 

 sale .can learn what industries are the largest users, and in what 

 states they are strongest. Buyers can ascertain who and where 

 their chief competitors are. If an oak lumber manufacturer is dis- 

 satisfied with his sales in certain regions or to certain industries, 

 the accompanying table will inform him of the quantity being sold 

 in those regions, and what class of users are the buyers. If he 

 is still of the opinion that he is not getting his share of the busi- 

 ness, he will be in a position to plan a campaign to increase his 

 sales at weak points. 



The annual cut of oak lumber in the United States is about 

 3,000,000,000 feet, probably a little less in 1917. The twenty states 

 listed in the accompanying table use in factories and shops approxi- 

 mately 1,860,000,000 feet. It thus appears that these twenty 

 states consume 60 per cent of the total production of oak lumber, 

 leaving 40 per cent for the remaining 28 states, which are not 

 represented in the talde. The states and industries shown in the 

 table, account for the bulk of the oak, though these arc only one- 



fourth of the total woodus 

 than half the states, and 

 represented. 



Oak is here included without distinguishing the various species 

 and without separating white oak from red, and without desig- 

 nating the parts of the country from which supplies come. It may 

 bo stated, however, that the states which lead in oak production, as 

 represented by lumber, are the following: 



Feet 



West Virginia 291,201,000 



Arkansas 223,752,000 



Kentucky 222.a(i4,0(IO 



Tennessee 210,905,000 



Virginia 1C.-|,. 192,000 



Ohio 128,502,000 



industries in the country, and fewer 

 than one-third of the territory is 



Pennsylvania 125..')81,00O 



North Carolina 97,014,000 



Missouri 95,435,000 



MlSBlBslppI 89,409.000 



Total l,C50,.'J95,00O 



These ten states furnish large per cent of the country's oak lum- 

 ber. All of them, except Mississippi, are in the foregoing table of 

 largest users, and to that extent the transportation problem is 

 simplified, because the factories that use the wood are near the 

 forests which produce it. 



All oak is either white or red, there being none outside of these 

 classes. It is not possible to determine from available figures how 

 much is white and how much red, but there is no question of there 

 being more of the former than of the latter. The leading commer- 

 cial white oaks are those designated as the common white oak 

 {Quercvs Alba) ; chestnut oak, post oak, overcup or forked leaf 

 white {Qucrcus lyrata), and cow oak. The principal red oaks are 

 northern red oak, Texan red oak, pin oak, scarlet oak, yellow or 

 black oak, and willow oak. 



There is a tendency in trade to classify oaks as "southern" and 

 "eastern." That division is not based on botanical grounds, and 

 several of the best oaks grow in both the southern and eastern parts 

 of the country. The region of growth determines whether oak 

 lumber shall be classified as southern or as eastern. 



IlUnois 



New York 



Pennsylvania . . 



Ohio 



Indiana 



N. Carolina . . . 



Tennessee 



Arkansas 



Kentucky 



W. Virginia ... 



Michigan 



Wisconsin 



Virginia 



Missouri 



Maryland 



Minnesota 



Massachusetts 



Georgia 



Alabama 



Iowa 



Furniture 



. 61.734,606 



. 53.427,900 



. 31,450,750 



. 26,615,041 



. -52,115,590 

 .132,993,000 



. 27,188.000 



. 11,419,000 



. 9,613,600 



. 9,741,050 



. 39,525,294 



. 22,971,000 



. 12,813,100 



. 8,146.000 



. 11,643,500 



. 3,204,510 



. 16,722,500 



. 9,311,190 



. 4,607,000 



. 3,716,200 



USES OF OAK BY IXDUSTKIES AND STATES— FEET PER 

 Agricul- 

 tural Office 

 Vehicles Impts. Fixtures Boxes 

 11,135,000 28,163,000 470.500 550,000 

 7,720,950 2,194,500 6,368,500 300,500 7, 

 11.814,450 3,295,700 4,228.060 7,729,877 6, 

 21,880.100 11,184,700 5,482.305 6,199,945 



Milhvork 

 24.745,000 

 35,410,900 

 29,806,771 

 51,553,379 

 24,666,969 

 1,1.58,000 

 64,385,025 

 28,784,000 

 25,474,000 

 49.339,733 

 23,616,323 

 14.392,000 

 15,870,000 

 9,070,700 

 8,136.000 

 8,609,246 

 664,370 

 1,195,000 

 4,931,000 

 6,868,950 



Hailroad 



Cars 

 "0,167,000 

 24,900,100 

 81,393,363 

 21,886,292 

 12,741,162 



2,802,662 

 6,350,000 

 9,579,000 

 8,963,000 

 3,141,544 



4,486,503 

 2,176,000 

 4,684,776 

 5,276,300 

 1,866,800 



27,247.522 4,427,650 1,313,900 6,443,750 



4,285,000 872,000 



11,284,800 1,850,000 590,000 



1,084,000 17,500,000 



12,172,500 5.800,000 4,777,500 5,450,000 



1,171,000 350 1,987,000 4,484,000 



4.831,616 790,480 7,199.312 698,000 



14,518,000 1.285,000 2,043,000 



7.772,200 1,901.000 1,387,000 360,000 



14,037,377 410,500 2,619.000 684,980 



756,300 400,000 



2,338,000 688,000 



YEAR 



Musical 



Refrig- Instru- Sewing Picture 



Boats erators ments Machines Molding 



559,000 202,000 4,059,950 4,925,000 10,210,000 



593,900 5,241,000 5,649,500 3,371,000 



305,400 565,900 190,000 119,000 



262,000 1,714,056 425,000 547,325 



752,000 11,046,656 264,100 10,976,250 300,000 

 1,650.000 500,000 



1,398,000 

 2,345,000 

 2,165,000 



3,463,786 

 379,000 

 686,000 



1,583,000 



60,000 500,000 

 1,755,000 1,387,500 



120,000 5,165,000 



998,000 



,385,500 3,281,600 596,000 

 847,000 285,000 49,000 



,006,679 



45,000 



,856,500 52,000 



54,000 1,675,000 24,000 



285,000 996,000 



205.000 



223,000 



955,000 22,000 



281,6 



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Production of Lumber in 1917 



A total computed lumber cut for the United States in 1917 of 

 35,831,239,000 feet is announced by the Forest Service. This 

 figure is based on reports received up to May 15, from 16,408 saw- 

 mills out of the 24,815 believed to have operated last year. It is 

 estimated that the actual cut in 1917, lui the basis of compiled fig- 



ures, was approximately 10 per cent less than the production in 

 1916. 



The falling off in lumber production during the past year is 

 attributed principally to largely decreased private building opera- 

 tions, the scarcity of labor in connection with small operations, 



—19— 



