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Use of Walnut by Industries 



I In include black walnut 

 iiiLirueos butternut also, 

 ittpriuit iin- represented 



I'ordiui; to 



American walnut is coniniimlv uiul 

 only, though in some statistics the 1 

 In the prcHent article, black walnut 

 in the tablo. 



Four walnuts arc native tu the Unitoil .States, 

 some authorities five. The four arc here named: 



Huttcrnut or white walnut ranges from Maine to the Dakotns, 

 Nebraska, Missouri, and Arkansas, and southward from Now Eng- 

 land to lioorgin and Alabama. It is generally a smaller tree than 

 till' black walnut, its woml is of paler color, and less of it is used. 

 Its best development lies farther north than the best range of black 

 walnut. It is said to pass occasionally as Circassian walnut, but 

 such instances mast be rare. 



Mexican walnut ranges through Texas, Xcw Mexico, and Arizona. 

 The growth in Arizona is sometimes considered a distinct species. 

 Th? trees are usually too small to have much value for lumber, but 

 the heartwood closely resembles that of black walnut and when of 

 suflicient size it should be valuable. The nuts resemble black wal- 

 nut except in size. The hulled nut is about half as large as a nut- 

 meg and looks like it. The kernel has a delicate flavor, but it is 

 too small to be worth much. 



California walnut is much like the Mexican species in sizo of tree 

 and nut and color of the wood, except that the nut is rather larger 

 than the latter, and the wood appears more satiny than black 

 walnut. 



Black walnut is the only one of the four having much commer- 

 cial importance. It is not known how much is being cut to meet 

 war demands, but before the war the yearly production was falling 

 below fifty million feet a year, including lumber and veneer. The 

 output has probably been much larger the past two years. Thirty 

 states contribute, the largest amount coming from Ohio, followed 

 in the order named by Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Ten- 

 nessee, and Virginia. 



There is no question that walnut timber is now scarcer than it 

 ever was before. The run on this wood thirty or forty years ago to 

 meet the demand for walnut furniture caused a severe drain on the 

 supply, but nothing to compare with the demand now. The search 

 has reached remote districts where it never went before, and by the 

 end of the war little walnut of commercial size will remain iu the 

 country. Young trees will exist, and they will produce timber in 

 years to come, but it will take a long time. 



The appended table shows the uses of walnut during an average 

 year before the present war. It would be interesting to know 

 what a table for this year would show. It is safe to conclude that 

 a change in the use of walnut is about to take place. Industries 

 which formerly received all they wanted, by paying a moderate 



prici', will be under the necessity of rearranging their schedules. 

 They must get along with loss than formerly and should not be sur- 

 prised if they must pay more for it. Manufacturers will investigate 

 the possibility of making other woods take the place of walnut in 

 certain lines. 



The accompanying table should possess interest if studied with 

 that thought in mind. No one will have to give up walnut, if will- 

 ing to pay the price; for there will be some walnut in the market 

 lor those who can afford it. Those unwilling to buy it will search 

 for substitutes and will meet more or less success in finding them. 



Black walnut may now be classed as a farm tree more than ever 

 before. It once was a denizen of forests altogether; but gradually 

 it found places in door yards, in barnlots, along fences, in pastures, 

 and in corners and odd places about farms, and these situations ars 

 its strongholds now and will continue to be so. Walnut woodlots 

 will be more often planted in the future than in the past and this 

 fine tree will assume a new importance. 



One of the oaks seldom heard of is the blue jack. Kxcept as 

 fuel, it appears to be of no use for anything, yet it is not scarce 

 in an area of 200,000 or 300,000 square miles from North Carolina 

 to Texas, in a belt pretty close to the Gulf coast. The trees are 

 small, usually not over twenty feet high and five inches in di- 

 ameter, but occasionally twice that size. A peculiarity of this tree 

 is that the sapwood is darker in color than the heart, which is a 

 reversal of the general rule that a tree's heart is darker than the 

 sap. In certain localities the tree is called upland willow oak, 

 cinnamon oak, sand jack, and turkey oak. The true turkey oak, 

 however, is another tree. 



There is an oak tree which occurs in Georgia and no where else 

 in the world, so far as kno\vn. It is known as Georgia oak. It 

 srows on Stone Mountain and a few miles distant, but the whole 

 range scarcely extends a distance of twenty miles. None of it has 

 ever been put to use, so far as can be learned. It is so scarce that 

 few persons ever see it unless they make a special search. It be- 

 longs to the red oak class. 



The only tree that is able to offer much resistance to the encroach- 

 ment of the sea on the land is the mangrove. It grows both in 

 water and on land and is so elastic that breakers from the sea may 

 roll over it without washing it away or breaking the stems. 

 Where this tree grows, the land is generally able to encroach on 

 the sea. It has been the means of adding hundreds of square miles 

 to southern Florida during the past fow thousand years. It re- 

 fuses to grow in northern climates. 



India 



Sewing Musical 

 Machines Instruments 

 . 4,016.S1.-, 140,000 



USE OF WALNUTS BY 

 Firearms 



INDUSTRIES AND STATES 



Ohio 



New York 



Michigan 



Kentucky 



-Massnchusctts . 

 Pennsylvania .. 



Connecticut 



North Carolina. 



Maryland 



Tennessee 



Now Jersey .... 



Virginia 



Minnesota .... 



Vermont 



Missouri 



Texas 



California .... 

 .\labama 



,022.350 

 167,800 

 698,000 

 317,201 

 820.000 

 .-.52.000 

 131,200 



57,250 

 500.000 



in,.'i00 



215,000 



Mlllwork 

 97,000 

 149,000 

 2,157,500 

 713,600 

 43,200 

 42,000 



450.000 

 37,000 

 30,500 

 94,519 



16.000 



57,330 

 2,000 



332,000 

 179,000 



51,900 

 563,700 

 111,400 

 332,000 



20,000 

 180,000 



16.000 

 20,000 

 13,000 



71,500 



1,000 



8,000 100,000 



)paratus Vehicles 

 3,000 



300,000 20,000 



80,850 



59,700 23,100 



3.000 

 15.000 

 1,000 

 1,000 

 5,300 

 1,000 

 31,000 

 5,000 

 10.800 



35,860 214,000 



10,000 



41,000 50,000 



1.000 



3,000 20.000 



10,000 

 1,400 

 3,500 



